共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 905 毫秒
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浙江省是我国遭受海洋生物入侵较为严重的地区之一。文章探讨了浙江海洋生物的入侵途径、外来物种成功入侵的机制及入侵种对生态系统的影响,同时给出了控制海洋生物入侵的策略,以期能更好地保护海洋生物多样性,减少外来生物入侵灾害的发生。 相似文献
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海洋外来物种入侵已成为威胁海洋生态环境的主要问题之一,对我国海洋生态环境构成严重损害。文章对外来物种入侵的由来、入侵的现状与危害以及对我国海洋生态环境的影响进行概述,并提出防治对策建议。 相似文献
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利用物种分布模型(species distribution models or modeling,SDM)估计物种的真实和潜在分布区,已成为海洋保护区规划、外来、物种入侵预测、气候变迁或环境改变对物种分布影响等领域的研究热点。此外,在大数据技术迅速发展的背景下,国外已出现多个面向物种分布模型的大数据集以及应用大数据技术进行物种分布模型研究的案例,而我国,海洋方面应用大数据的物种分布模型的研究却寥寥无几。文章首先就物种分布模型、物种分布模型分类以及其研究现状做了较为详细的叙述,讨论了物种分布模型的大数据需求及所需数据类型,主要从大数据价值链的角度讨论了海洋领域物种分布模型与大数据的关系,具体从物种分布数据和环境数据的收集与大数据、物种数据和环境数据的集成与大数据、物种分布模型的预测分析与大数据3个方面展开。文章就物种分布模型所面临的大数据问题,从加强海洋生物多样性大数据平台和生态系统观测网络的建设以及鼓励海洋领域的物种分布模型应用研究项目的开展两方面给出作者的建议,对未来物种分布模型在我国海洋领域的研究和应用的前景作了展望。 相似文献
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浮游生物在海洋生态系统中处于基础性地位,为促进我国浮游生物监测工作的发展,文章在现代海洋环境监测体系和海洋管理的背景下,从海洋生态系统保护、全球变化研究和现代海洋管理3个方面,系统梳理和分析浮游生物监测的意义和价值,并对我国相关领域的工作提出启示和展望。研究结果表明:浮游生物的恶性暴发和入侵对海洋生态系统造成严重影响,各类国际公约和政府间协议都将浮游生物监测作为保护海洋生物多样性的重要内容;浮游生物的分类信息以及其分布区和物候学特征对气候变化和海水温度的指示信息,可作为全球变化研究的重要指标;浮游生物监测已被广泛应用于国内外现代海洋管理中,主要包括海洋生态系统服务评价、海洋环境影响评价和海洋生物资源评价3个方面;我国浮游生物监测工作在浮游生物分类和鉴定以及大数据应用方面存在不足,未来应加强相关能力考核、标准化计量认证、数据整合共享和新技术手段运用。 相似文献
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海水养殖迅速发展,给海洋造成了严重污染.海水水质污染,主要有营养物污染、养殖用药污染、底泥富集污染.海洋生物污染,主要是外来生物物种入侵和生物物种基因污染,无计划的盲目开发浅海滩涂进行养殖对近岸海域滩涂湿地造成的破坏等. 相似文献
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ME Alexander CA Simon CL Griffiths K Peters S Sibanda S Miza 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(1):141-144
Biological invasions continue to increase around the world, with impacts on many coastal marine systems. Here we review the South African marine invasion literature which, despite the field being relatively new, has grown to have significant presence in both the local and international arenas. Of the 79 papers reviewed, 70% focused on the establishment and spread of alien species, with modes of transport and introduction largely overlooked. An emphasis was also apparent towards field studies, in particular survey work, with few experimental studies. The overwhelming majority of papers focused on a single species, the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, reflecting the scale of this invasion and the tractable nature of rocky shores as study systems. With the exception of this one species, the impacts of marine alien species have rarely been quantified. We suggest that future research extends the taxonomic coverage of present work and develops a better understanding of the mechanisms of introduction, establishment and spread of marine alien species. Through an experimental approach, the drivers of altered ecological patterns and processes resulting from invasions should be addressed, providing insight into associated impacts. This approach will maintain the local applicability and international relevance of South African marine invasion research. 相似文献
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TB Robinson ME Alexander CA Simon CL Griffiths K Peters S Sibanda 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(1):129-140
Confusion between terms and ambiguities among definitions have long plagued the field of invasion biology. One result is disruption in flow of information from researchers to policy-makers and managers who rely on science to inform regulatory frameworks and management actions. We reviewed the South African marine biology literature to quantify the current usage of terminology describing marine invasions and found a variety of terms in use, few of which are defined when used. In response, we propose standard terminology that aligns with international practice. We then interpreted the Blackburn unified framework for biological invasions within the marine context and used this as a transparent way to apply the standardised terms to an updated list of marine alien species for the country. This resulted in the recognition of 36 alien and 53 invasive species within South Africa. Most notably, follow-up research is required to confirm the status of at least 11 listed species, the majority of which have been recorded only once, or not in the past 25 years. It is hoped that by standardising terminology, marine science in South Africa will better support authorities charged with managing the threat posed by marine alien species. 相似文献
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海洋灾害地质学发展的历史回顾及前景展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海洋灾害地质学是近半个世纪以来逐步发展起来的1门新兴学科.本文论述了这一学科产生与发展的背景,简要回顾了国内外海洋灾害地质调查研究的历史,展望了学科的发展前景.作者认为,海洋灾害地质学学科的进一步发展,必需要融入“全球变化”和“全球系统科学”的概念;要加强海洋灾害地质学基础理论研究;既要重视海岸带灾害地质研究,又要面对... 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
Increasing recognition of the threat which invasive non-native species present to ecological and economic assets has led to a recent surge in international, regional and national policies. Within the European Union, a draft EU Regulation on the prevention and management of invasive alien species has been developed. The draft Regulation, published in 2013, recommends the creation of a list of invasive alien species of Union concern, wherein any Member State identifying newly establishing populations of these species must implement rapid eradication measures. The first recording of the invasive non-native ascidian Didemnum vexillum in Britain in 2008 in Wales, and subsequent eradication efforts, presents a timely opportunity to evaluate the United Kingdom׳s existing capability and capacity to undertake a rapid eradication in the marine environment in light of the draft EU Regulation, as well as highlighting some of the cross-border challenges facing the EU. Although the UK is often cited within Europe as having made significant progress in the field of invasion management, the lessons learned from the eradication process in Wales highlight that the UK is inadequately prepared to undertake rapid eradication measures in the marine environment and that the lack of a coordinated approach between nations has significant potential to devalue localised eradication efforts. A number of measures are discussed to enhance future capability both in the UK and the wider European Union including enhanced alerting mechanisms, science-based monitoring programmes to enable early detection, increased commitment of resources and the need for cross-border collaboration. 相似文献
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最大熵模型是以最大熵理论为基础的一种物种分布模型。经过十几年的发展,最大熵模型的计算方法不断迭代并趋于稳定,并在陆地生物适生区预测中开展了系统的、成熟的应用。而在海洋环境中,最大熵模型的应用也已经进入到了快速发展的阶段。但是受限于数据量的匮乏,最大熵模型在海洋环境中的应用仍旧需要不断的探索。最大熵模型具有小样本量预测的优势,其相关应用成果为单一物种、生物群落、生物多样性的保护,生物入侵事件的管控和预警,渔业养殖的减耗增效等提供了关键性的数据支撑,同时在海洋古生态学研究、海洋基因资源获取、海洋极端环境生物多样性保护等方面极具发展前景。 相似文献
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厦门海洋生物入侵的危害及管理对策 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
本文系统地分析了厦门海洋生物入侵的成因、现状、危害及治理方法,认为互花米草和海洋动物沙筛贝是主要的入侵物种,其严重的生态、经济和社会危害不可低估.同时明确防止海洋生物入侵的总体目标,进而提出强化管理的系列对策. 相似文献