我国沿海地区海洋经济竞争力评价分析

党的十九大报告提出加快建设海洋强国,海洋经济发展状况是建设海洋强国的直接体现。为了解沿海11个省、市、自治区海洋经济竞争力的强弱以及海洋科技实力等因素对海洋经济竞争力的贡献作用,文章采用主成分分析法构建了海洋经济规模、海洋产业发展水平、海洋科技实力、海洋环境保护能力4个二级指标、海洋生产总值等27个三级指标的海洋经济竞争力指标体系,对我国沿海11个省、市、自治区的海洋经济竞争力进行了研究。研究发现,广东、山东、上海三地的海洋经济综合实力最强,其中海洋科技实力对海洋经济竞争力的贡献最大。     

海洋科技创新能力对海洋经济绿色全要素生产率的影响研究——基于我国沿海地区的实证分析

海洋科技创新能力对海洋经济绿色健康发展具有重要作用。文章采用2007—2016年沿海11个省(自治区、直辖市)面板数据,首先建立对海洋科技创新能力的综合评价体系,使用熵值-TOPSIS法对我国沿海11个省(自治区、直辖市)的海洋科技创新能力进行测算,再运用DEA-Malmquist法测算我国沿海11个省(自治区、直辖市...     

我国海洋功能开发的经济与环境协调度分析

随着海洋功能区划制度的颁布实施,我国海洋功能开发力度不断增大,资源和环境问题日渐突出。文章按照可持续发展的观点,运用协调度模型分析沿海11个省、自治区、直辖市的海洋经济与环境协调关系。通过实证研究表明,我国沿海区域海洋经济环境协调度基本符合“U”形曲线,部分地区发展海洋经济的同时牺牲了海洋环境,以北部海域较为突出。海洋经济与环境的协调度曲线显示我国海洋功能开发仍处于工业化中期,海洋第二产业所占比重较高,海洋经济的快速扩张对协调度的影响程度比较大。沿海区域仍需要加强海洋环境保护,合理优化产业结构,促进海洋经济与环境协调稳定发展。     

中国海洋经济绿色发展水平综合测度与时空演化研究

文章通过构建海洋经济绿色发展水平评价指标体系,利用集对分析法、Kernel密度估计函数及GIS空间分析技术对2006—2014年中国沿海11个省、市、自治区海洋经济绿色发展水平进行综合测度,并分析其动态演化趋势。研究结果表明:(1)通过集对分析法初步计算出2006—2014年中国沿海11个省、市、自治区海洋经济绿色发展水平总体呈现波动上升趋势。(2)通过Kernel密度估计模型计算得出,2006—2014年中国海洋经济绿色发展水平程度逐渐由地区之间均匀分布到两极分化分布的趋势,绿色发展高水平地区发展速度快于低水平地区。2006—2010年中国海洋经济绿色发展水平进程缓慢,2010—2014年绿色发展水平速度加快。(3)根据集对分析法计算的海洋经济绿色发展水平评价结果,采用自然断裂点法将中国沿海11个省、市、自治区海洋经济绿色发展水平划分为3类地区:上海、广东、天津为海洋经济绿色发展高水平地区;山东、福建、浙江、江苏、辽宁为海洋经济绿色发展中等水平地区;海南、河北、广西是海洋经济绿色发展低水平地区。     

中国沿海地区海洋区域增长极选择研究

海洋蕴藏着丰富的资源，向海洋进军开发利用宝贵财富已是全球沿海各国的共识。目前，海洋经济已成为我国国民经济的重要组成部分，但仅从其维持9%~10%的比重而言,与我国建设海洋强国的战略目标相差甚远。众所周知，21世纪是海洋的世纪，中国只有更好地发展海洋经济才能屹立于世界强国之列。文章以20世纪50年代佩鲁增长极理论为指导，采用不平衡发展模式，运用主成分及聚类分析法分析了中国沿海11省（市、自治区）2010-2014年海洋经济发展状况，认为山东省和广东省可作中国沿海海洋经济区域增长极，以政府和市场的双重力量推动优先发展区域带动后序发展过程转变，从而实现全区域共同富裕。     

我国海洋产业数字化水平测度与时空演化分析

文章在厘清海洋产业数字化相关概念的前提下,基于钻石模型构建了海洋产业数字化水平测度指标体系并采用投影寻踪模型测度2014—2020年我国沿海11个省(自治区、直辖市)的海洋产业数字化水平;在此基础上运用多种空间计量模型对我国海洋产业数字化水平的时空演化规律进行深入分析。研究发现：我国海洋产业数字化水平总体上呈现快速增长趋势,但不同区域沿海省(自治区、直辖市)之间存在一定差异;区域内差异是研究期内我国海洋产业数字化水平地区差异的主导因素,其中北部沿海地区内部差异最大,东部沿海地区内部差异最小,南部沿海地区内部差异居中;三大海洋经济圈内海洋产业数字化集聚形式各具特征：北部海洋经济圈内沿海省(自治区、直辖市)形成“高-低”集聚型,南部海洋经济圈内沿海省(自治区、直辖市)形成“低-高”集聚型,东部海洋经济圈内沿海省(自治区、直辖市)则形成“高-高”集聚型。     

我国数字经济和海洋经济高质量发展的耦合协调分析

数字经济与海洋经济高质量发展互相影响。文章通过熵值-TOPSIS法构建我国数字经济和海洋经济高质量发展两个子系统共21个二级指标,运用耦合协调度模型得出我国2013—2019年11个沿海省（自治区、直辖市）的数字经济与海洋经济高质量发展的耦合协调水平以及耦合协调类型。研究发现：我国11个沿海省（自治区、直辖市）的数字经济发展呈现逐步上升的态势,海洋经济高质量发展趋势则比较稳定;2013—2019年多数沿海地区数字经济和海洋经济高质量发展两大系统的耦合度表现稳定,保持良好的动态关联关系;在数字经济与海洋经济高质量发展互动性增强的同时,两大系统的整体发展水平也有所提高。     

基于面板数据的海洋环境污染对海洋经济发展影响的实证研究

文章基于我国沿海11个省(自治区、直辖市)海洋环境和海洋经济的面板数据,将海洋产业结构和海洋产业劳动力要素投入作为控制变量,构建双对数面板数据模型,就海洋环境污染对海洋经济发展的影响进行实证分析。结果表明:海洋环境污染与海洋经济发展存在负相关关系,海洋产业结构与海洋经济发展存在正相关关系,海洋产业劳动力要素投入与海洋经济发展存在负相关关系。基于此,为促进海洋经济的可持续发展,提出加强海洋环境保护和治理、优化升级海洋产业结构以及培养和引进海洋专业人才的建议。     

辽宁沿海经济带海洋产业结构及竞争力评价研究

海洋产业结构是海洋经济发展质量的重要指标。文章运用偏离-份额分析法并引入增长率指数、区域结构效果指数和区域竞争力效果指数,对辽宁沿海经济带6市2009—2018年海洋产业结构和竞争力进行对比分析,研究表明:辽宁沿海经济带海洋经济发展迅速,海洋产业结构整体较好,但在海洋产业内部,海洋第一产业发展缓慢,综合竞争力较低;海洋新兴产业在海洋第二产业中占比重较小;海洋第三产业已成为辽宁沿海经济带主导产业,发展优势明显。辽宁沿海经济带还需更加注重产业发展的合理配置,力图能将各产业间发展形成协调互补的可持续发展结构。     

中国海洋战略构想总论（2）

2.我国的海洋经济形势 我国的海洋经济正处于一个快速发展的黄金时期。1995年,全国主要海洋产业总产值比1990年增长4倍多,海洋产业增加值为全国国内生产总值的2％左右,以海洋经济为依托的沿海市、县的国内生产总值占整个沿海地区(即沿海省、自治区、直辖市)国内生产总值的     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.