构造坡折带隐蔽圈闭发育模式浅析

构造坡折带是由同沉积构造长期活动引起的沉积斜坡明显突变的地带，对盆地充填的可容纳空间和沉积作用可产生重要的影响，构造坡折带和油气资源分布有着较为密切的关系。隐蔽圈闭是沉积盆地油气勘探中后期重点勘探领域。构造坡折带是沉积盆地中隐蔽圈闭最发育的部位之一，多级构造坡折带组合对盆地隐蔽圈闭的发育有一定的影响，多级构造坡折带隐蔽圈闭发育更受到沉积环境和湖平面变化的影响；构造坡折带地区隐蔽圈闭油气成藏良好，高位域和三角洲前缘泥岩是良好的烃源岩，连片砂体和不整合界面及生长断裂是良好的输导条件，生长断裂和高位域泥岩具有良好的封盖作用。     

应用坡折带理论指导黄海陆相湖盆油气勘探

坡折带可分为构造坡折带、沉积坡折带、侵蚀坡折带，而在陆相湖盆沉积中，规模较大的同沉积断裂（系）常构成构造坡折带。构造坡折带不但控制砂岩、砾岩体的发育，而且控制烃源岩发育、油气的运聚方式。在陆相断陷湖盆中，构造坡折带及其控制的低位域砂体发育带与湖侵域优质烃源岩的有效配置部位就是岩性油气的富集带。北黄海盆地发育多个坳陷，地史时期各坳陷经历了多期发育阶段，也必然导致湖盆坡折带的多期发育。分析北黄海盆地构造坡折带类型和各种地质体的分布规律、研究构造坡折带对各种圈闭的控制因素，能够更具体和有效地限定储油砂体的部位及规模，增大发现油气藏的可能性。     

松南十屋断陷深层油气成藏条件与模式研究

十屋断陷是断坳叠置的复合盆地，充填了巨厚的断陷地层。其深部地层包括登娄库组、营城组、沙河子组以及火石岭组。在十屋断陷深部沉积了沙河子组-营城组和登娄库组两套烃源岩和良好的储盖层组合；由于断陷构造运动，形成大量的断裂构造和不整合面，构成了油气运移的有效通道，同时还形成有效断裂、断鼻构造圈闭以及不整合圈闭。综合分析认为，十屋断陷深部具有有利油气成藏生储盖组合。主要有下生上储式、自生自储式和上生下储式三种成藏模式。     

西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带平北地区平湖组"多元控砂"机制分析

随着勘探开发程度的不断升高,西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带平北地区中上始新统平湖组构造―岩性复合油气藏显示出较大的勘探潜力。然而,该区构造―岩性复合油气藏勘探基础薄弱,加之构造、沉积条件复杂,砂体展布规律不清,阻碍了该区的勘探进程。本文基于三维地震及钻井等资料,从构造、层序及沉积3个方面对砂体分布的控制因素进行分析,认为构造古地貌及可容纳空间控制地层厚度及沉积体规模;同沉积断裂坡折带控制砂体的展布;体系域类型控制砂体的时空配置,沉积微相类型控制砂体的储集物性。综合分析控砂因素认为:断陷期的平下下段和平下上段是构造―岩性圈闭发育的主要层段,勘探方向为低位体系域控沉积断层下降盘的地势低洼汇砂区,而平中上段有利的岩性圈闭勘探区为三角洲前缘砂地比低或三角洲前端发育的潮汐砂脊带。     

莱州湾西构造带断裂特征及其对油气成藏的控制

受古近纪莱州湾凹陷大规模断陷、郯庐断裂右旋走滑和垦东凸起大规模隆升三方面因素共同作用,莱州湾西构造带断裂系统发育,根据断裂性质及发育规模将断裂划分为3组不同方向的断裂组合,对油气的运移、聚集及保存都产生重要影响。根据莱州湾地区油气成藏规律并结合渤海其他区域近年勘探成果综合分析,莱北1号断层、斜坡区东西向反向正断层和走滑末端雁行式断层三类大规模调节断层对于油气成藏影响作用较大,这三类断层所控制的圈闭也是莱州湾凹陷及围区下一步勘探获得突破的重点区域。     

南黄海盆地北部坳陷北部断阶带构造地质特征

南黄海盆地北部坳陷北部断阶带主要定型于古近纪末期,在2条同向正断层持续强烈活动控制下,形成一个断背斜样式的坳中隆构造,并被坳陷期新近系和第四系地层覆盖,具有烃源岩后期埋藏较深、离深凹近和双向供烃的特点。同时,局部发育断背斜圈闭、鼻状构造圈闭、超覆和不整合等,这些圈闭与生储盖组合形成了很好的空间匹配关系,有利于油气聚集。通过对该北部断阶带中—新生代断裂活动特征、局部构造活动演化和石油地质意义的研究,探讨该区的勘探意义。     

渤海辽北地区走滑转换构造发育特征及其对圈闭样式的控制作用

基于渤海辽北地区钻井资料和三维地震资料精细解释，对走滑断裂发育特征开展精细研究，并进一步完成对走滑转换构造的宏观判识和精细刻画，总结走滑转换构造对圈闭样式的差异控制作用。研究结果表明：(1)辽北地区断裂体系整体表现出强烈的右旋走滑性质，在走滑断裂叠接带、弯曲、尾端等构造位置，因构造应力调整而发育大量走滑转换构造；(2)依据走滑转换带的力学性质划分为增压型和释压型2大类，每一大类依据断裂空间展布关系进一步细化为单支弯曲型和双支叠复型，其中，单支弯曲型表现为单条走滑断层平面呈现“S”型变形，双支叠复型则表现为右旋左阶或右旋右阶；(3)增压型和释压型走滑转换构造控制发育的圈闭类型分别以断背斜和断块构造圈闭为主，增压型走滑转换构造控制的圈闭相对于释压型具有更大的勘探潜力。该研究丰富了走滑转换构造体系，填补了辽北地区走滑转换构造研究的空白，对渤海海域郯庐走滑断裂带油气勘探具有一定的借鉴指导意义。     

辽河滩海葵花岛构造带断裂发育特征及其与油气关系

辽河滩海葵花岛构造带发育复杂断裂体系，断裂发展主要经历了沙河街组三段沉积期－东营组二段下部沉积早期，东营组二段下部沉积晚－东营组一段沉积期，Ｎ－Ｑ等三个期次，本文根据规模，控制作用和与油气关系将断裂分为基底主干断裂，盖层主要断裂，盖层次要断裂，小断裂四个序次，断裂与油气关系密切，断裂活动控制了生储盖层之发育，在构造和圈闭形成中起主导作用，影响油气运聚与保存，最后，文章讨论了之各种圈闭之油敢勘探前景     

张扭性断陷盆地构造样式与油气成藏的关系——以珠江口盆地恩平凹陷新生界为例

从张扭性断陷盆地的断裂特征入手,结合构造动力学形成机制,总结了恩平凹陷的构造样式特征及有利圈闭类型,并探讨了构造样式对烃源岩的形成和油气富集区带的控制作用。结果表明:恩平凹陷为双向伸展的上下构造层变形系统的叠合,即古近系为NE—EW向伸展构造系统,新近系为NW—NWW向伸展—张性扭动构造系统;发育了4大类伸展型构造样式,构造样式演化控制了半地堑结构、烃源岩发育情况、油气的初始运移方向和断裂构造带与圈闭类型分布,为新生界油气藏的形成创造了有利条件。     

坡折带对油气圈闭发育的约束效应——以平湖斜坡带孔雀亭区平湖组为例

坡折带对复合岩性圈闭的发育具有重要控制作用。平湖斜坡带孔雀亭地区具备坡折带发育的古地貌背景,研究其类型和对沉积砂体、相带发育及成圈模式的控制,对下一步勘探开发具有重要意义。根据研究区坡折带发育的构造位置及与洼陷的匹配关系,可将研究区划分为高区坡折带、中区坡折带与低区坡折带。按成因机制不同,可在坡折区内进一步细分出三种类型,即断裂坡折、挠曲坡折和侵蚀坡折。高区坡折带以发育侵蚀坡折为主,控制辫状河三角洲平原沉积体系,形成侵蚀沟谷圈闭;中区坡折带以发育断裂坡折和挠曲坡折为主,控制辫状河三角洲平原与前缘沉积体系,发育辫状河道与扇体,形成断块-河道侧向尖灭复合岩性圈闭;低区坡折带发育断裂坡折,控制复合砂坝,形成断块-砂坝复合岩性圈闭。     

Tectono-sequence stratigraphic analysis on Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Banqiao sub-basin,Eastern China

Tectonics is extremely important to the depositional record preserved in continental sedimentary basins, affecting both the formation of sequence boundaries and the filling characters of these sequences. This comprehensive analysis of Paleogene depositional patterns and the sequence compositional types in the Banqiao sub-basin of the Bohai Basin, Eastern China, shows that episodic rifting and differential activity on major faults have resulted in the formation of various types of transfer zones and structural slope-break zones, both of which played significant roles in the formation and distribution of sequence types and depositional systems. Transfer zones controlled the positions of sediment source areas, entry points for sediment into the basin and, as a result, the development of depositional systems. Structural slope-break zones are paleotopographic features where there is a sharp basinward increase in depositional slope that is controlled by fault geometry. The location of structural slope-break zones influenced the distribution of depositional systems and sand bodies. Areas where the structural slope-break zone overlapped with transfer zones were sites for major drainage systems and the preferred positions of delta fans and turbidite fans. The areas controlled by the transfer zone and the structural slope-break zone with the distribution of sand bodies are the favorable place for the prospecting of subtle stratigraphic traps in the Banqiao sub-basin.     

Sequence stratigraphy and importance of syndepositional structural slope-break for architecture of Paleogene syn-rift lacustrine strata,Bohai Bay Basin,E. China

Sequence stratigraphy and syndepositional structural slope-break zones define the architecture of the Paleogene syn-rift, lacustrine succession in eastern China's Bohai Bay Basin. Jiyang, Huanghua and Liaohe subbasins are of particular interest and were our primary research objectives. Interpretation of 3D seismic data, well logs and cores reveals: One first-order sequence, 4 second-order sequences, and ten to thirteen third-order sequences were identified on the basis of the tectonic evolution, lithologic assemblage and unconformities in the subbasins of Bohai Bay Basin. Three types of syndepositional paleo-structure styles are recognized in this basin. They are identified as fault controlled, slope-break zone; flexure controlled, slope-break zone; and gentle slope.The three active structural styles affect the sequence stratigraphy. Distinct third-order sequences, within second-order sequences, have variable systems tract architecture due to structuring effects during tectonic episodes. Second-order sequences 1 and 2 were formed during rifting episodes 1 and 2. The development of the third-order sequences within these 2 second-order sequences was controlled by the active NW and NE oriented fault controlled, slope-break zones. Second-order sequence 3 formed during rifting episode 3, the most intense extensional faulting of the basin. Two types of distinctive lacustrine depositional sequence were formed during rifting episode 3: one was developed in an active fault controlled, slope-break zone, the other in an active flexure controlled, slope-break zone. Second-order sequence 4 was formed during the fourth episode of rifting. Syndepositional, fault- and flexure-controlled slope-break zones developed in the subsidence center (shore to offshore areas) of the basin and controlled the architecture of third-order sequences in a way similar to that in second-order sequence 3. Sequences in the gentle slope and syndepositional, flexure controlled slope-break zones were developed in subaerial region.Distribution of lowstand sandbodies was controlled primarily by active structuring on the slope-break zones, and these sandbodies were deposited downdip of the slope-break zones. Sand bodies within lowstand systems tracts have good reservoir quality, and are usually sealed by the shale sediments of the subsequent transgressive systems tract. They are favorable plays for stratigraphic trap exploration.     

古巴前陆盆地三区块石油地质特征及勘探潜力分析

古巴三区块是2005年中国石化获得的风险勘探开发合同区块，位于墨西哥湾西南部，是古巴西部的前陆盆地之一。结合该盆地勘探现状，对相关的钻井、物探以及地球化学等资料进行石油地质综合分析，评价了该盆地的油气成藏条件及其勘探潜力，预测了有利区带。三区块主要发育上侏罗统一下白垩统的泥灰岩、泥质灰岩和中-下侏罗统泥页岩两套主要烃源岩，储层以泥晶灰岩、灰岩和砂砾岩为主，区内早期形成的圈闭在造山期基本遭到破坏，有效的圈闭主要形成于晚古近纪，圈闭类型有背斜、断鼻、断块和地层圈闭等，推测可能发育多套储盖组合。据区域对比和钻井资料分析，区内的前陆冲断带是本区最有利勘探区带，南盆地北缘发育较厚的第三系，推测是本区有利远景区。     

基于盆地模拟技术的潮汕坳陷油气勘探前景预测

潮汕坳陷是以中生界为目标的新的油气勘探领域,其地层时代、产状、岩性以及构造特征等都与珠江口盆地其他坳陷差别很大。鉴于该坳陷内尚无探井,该文充分利用地震资料,结合区域研究成果合理选择参数,利用Basin2盆地模拟软件,对该坳陷沉积充填史、温压场演化史和有机质演化史进行了正演模拟,模拟结果显示坳陷内中生界白垩系经历的二次成烃作用提供了主要烃源,而且由于新生代的构造运动,形成了良好的构造圈闭,因此该含油气系统生储盖的时空配置有利于在晚白垩世地层中形成自生自储或下生上储的岩性圈闭和构造圈闭油气藏,应作为该坳陷油气勘探的主要目的层。     

基于多尺度资料的体系域划分及其意义——以渤海海域沙垒田凸起东南部东二段为例

不同体系域砂体分布和成藏特征存在明显的差别,正确划分体系域对于油气勘探,特别是隐蔽油气藏勘探具有重要意义。相对于海相地层,由于陆相层序本身的复杂性,并不发育明显的坡折带,在进行体系域划分时,不同学者有不同的划分方案,无论在井上还是地震上很难把握各体系域界面的位置。针对这个问题,结合渤海海域沙垒田凸起东南部东二段体系域划分,提出利用多种不同尺度资料层层控制来划分低位域、湖泛域和高位域的思路方法。这种从尺度较大资料到较小尺度资料层层控制来划分体系域的思路方法,可以避免直接从井上来进行划分导致的错误结论,同时相对湖平面变化曲线法的引用,向建立渤海东营组层序划分的标准迈向了坚实一步。     

琼东南盆地深水区断层垂向输导及成藏模式

In the Qiongdongnan Basin, faults are well developed.Based on the drilling results, the traps controlled two or more faults are oil-rich. However, when only one fault cut through the sand body, there is no sign for hy-drocarbon accumulation in the sandstone. In terms of this phenomenon, the principle of reservoir-forming controlled by fault terrace is proposed, i.e., when the single fault activates, because of the incompressibility of pore water, the resistance of pore and the direction of buoyancy, it is impossible for hydrocarbon to ac-cumulate in sandstone. But when there are two or more faults, one of the faults acts as the spillway so the hydrocarbon could fill in the pore of sandstone through other faults. In total five gas bearing structures and four failure traps are considered, as examples to demonstrate our findings. According to this theory, it is well-advised that south steep slope zone of Baodao-Changchang Depression, south gentle slope zone of Lingshui Depression, north steep slope zone of Lingshui Depression, and north steep slope zone of Baodao Depression are the most favorable step-fault zones, which are the main exploration direction in next stage.     

实用地球物理技术在渤中探区岩性勘探中的应用

针对渤中探区Q构造新近系近十年探索没有取得突破性进展,借鉴周边成熟油田浅层岩性勘探的思路,以地质认识为指导,以精细构造解释和岩性圈闭刻画为核心,综合运用地层切片、地震属性分析、90度相移及低幅度构造变速成图等多项地球物理技术,对新近系明下段浅水三角洲岩性圈闭进行精细识别与刻画.结果表明：地层切片结合地震属性技术有效识别砂体平面展布特征,90度相移技术辅助完成砂体精细刻画,低幅度构造变速成图技术真实反映砂体构造特征.通过多项地球物理技术的应用,相继发现了Qa、Qb/c及Qd等一系列浅层岩性含油气构造,掀起了渤海海域浅层岩性勘探的热潮,同时也对相似地质背景探区具有借鉴意义.     

青东凹陷断裂特征及其对沉积的控制作用

通过对青东凹陷古近纪的断裂体系和主要同沉积断裂的活动和特征分析,表明区内主要发育NNE、EW、NW向三组断裂体系,NNE向的凹陷边界断裂青东1号断层和EW向的主要二级同沉积断层f1、f2控制了凹陷内次级构造单元的划分,凹陷由北向南依次划分为北部深洼、北部凸起、中部次洼、南部凸起、南部次洼、西南缘缓坡带以及东部陡坡带等7个次级构造单元。研究表明,凹陷内各洼陷的沉降中心在古近纪发生了明显的分异和迁移,这些变化受控于区内主要同沉积断裂的差异活动和演化,青东1号断裂和f3断裂在古近纪的持续活动共同控制了北部深洼的沉积充填,f1和f4断裂分别控制了中部次洼和南部次洼的发育;主要断裂的活动及其组合样式控制着湖底扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲等粗碎屑沉积体系的发育。与生油洼陷相邻的主要同沉积断裂形成的断裂带具备形成砂岩油气藏的各种有利条件,其中东部盆缘断裂带是区内砂岩油气藏勘探最有利的区带。     

歧口凹陷东北环天然气成藏条件与勘探领域

歧口凹陷是渤海湾盆地重要的生气凹陷,存在石炭-二叠系和古近系沙河街组两套生气层系,凹陷东北环紧邻歧口凹陷主洼,具备形成大型天然气田的物质基础。在古近纪沉积时期受三个方向物源的影响,储盖组合较发育,沙河街组的超压又较好的保存了储层物性。通过对构造特征、沉积体系和油气运移条件分析,认为凹陷东北环深层构造圈闭、沙垒田凸起西翼倾没端地层圈闭和深层岩性圈闭是该区天然气勘探的重要领域和方向。