海黍子提取物对不饱和脂质抗氧化作用

为了获得天然抗氧化物质,利用自由基引发氧化体系对青岛近海的24种海藻的抗氧化性能进行了筛选,获得了具有较强抗氧化活性的藻种-海黍子(Sagassum kjellmanianum),并从中分离得到两种混合组分(Fr1、Fr2),进一步研究了它们对鱼油和卵磷脂的抗氧化作用。研究结果表明(1)在37℃恒温自动氧化条件下,两种海黍子提取物(0.25%)在均相和乳化体系中,对鱼油都有较好抗氧化作用,抗氧化效果比维生素E(0.2%)好;(2)乳化和非乳化体系比较,海黍子提取物在乳化体系中对不饱和脂质的抗氧化作用更好;(3)在自由基引发剂引发氧化下,Fr2(0.6%)对卵磷脂抗氧化作用效果比BHT(0.02%)好。     

岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖的制备及其抗氧化活性研究

探讨H2O2降解岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的条件及其产物的抗氧化活性。采用Cu2 -H2O2体系降解原料Fucoidan,结果发现反应时间越长得到的高分子量的组分越少,而低分子量的低聚糖产量增加;H2O2浓度增高,水解所得主要组分的分子量明显减小;温度升高,水解速度明显加快;产物的硫酸根含量随反应温度和H2O2浓度的降低而增加。用Pyrogallol—Luminol系统对水解产物的抗氧化活性进行了研究,发现硫酸根含量低的Fucoidan水解产物除O2.-的活性较好,其中15%H2O2降解得<5KD的低聚糖清除O2.-的活性明显高于肌肽(IC50为0.65mg/mL),IC50为0.17mg/mL。     

岩藻聚糖硫酸酯体外抗氧化特性的研究

采用化学发光分析法研究岩藻聚糖硫酸酯清除超氧阴离子自由基 (O· -2 )及羟基自由基(· OH)的作用 ,并以高效液相色谱法研究对卵磷脂 (PC)过氧化的抑制能力。结果显示 :(1)三种岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分均有清除活性氧自由基的能力 ,但清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力高于清除羟基自由基的能力。其中糖醛酸含量高和硫酸酯含量低的组分 清除自由基的能力最强 ,它对 O· -2 的IC50 为 0 .0 4 4 mg/m L,对· OH的 IC50 为 0 .0 6 2 mg/m L。 (2 )岩藻聚糖硫酯具有抑制 PC过氧化的能力。岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分受活性氧损伤后 ,它们的抗氧化能力均降低。研究表明 ,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯具有较强的体外抗氧化的功能。     

“916”对鹌鹑实验性动脉粥样硬化的预防作用

实验研究海洋新药“916”对动脉粥样硬化的预防作用。结果表明,“916”能明显降低高脂血症鹌鹑血清总胆固醇(TC),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL—C),升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—C)及其亚组分Ⅲ(HDL_2—C),减少过氧化脂质(LPO)代谢产物丙二醛(MDA)生成,降低胆固醇,特别是胆固醇在动脉壁中的沉积,抑制动脉壁LPO生成,从而减少动脉粥样斑块的生成,能延缓和阻止了动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。。     

饲料中的维生素E对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、脂肪过氧化及抗氧化能力的影响

采用6种维生素E(VE)含量为26、52、66、132、191、339 mg/kg饲料干质量的等氮等能实验饲料,研究饲料中维生素E对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长,肝脏和肌肉中的硫代巴必妥酸反应底物(TBARS)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及总抗氧化力(T-AOC)的影响。结果表明大菱鲆的生长和体成分受饲料中VE含量的影响产生的差异不显著,然而肝脏和血清中的VE含量以及肝脏和肌肉中的硫代巴必妥酸底物(TBARS)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和肝脏总抗氧化力(T-AOC)则受其影响显著(P<0.05)。结果显示大菱鲆幼鱼摄取不适宜量的VE时在表现出各种缺乏症之前会先发生脂肪过氧化现象,同时饲料中的VE能够有效提高大菱鲆幼鱼的抗氧化能力。     

卵磷脂对花尾胡椒401幼鱼谷肤甘肤一硫一转移酶，谷肤甘肤过氧化物酶和DNA完整性的影响

采用不同卵磷脂添加量的配合饲料投喂花尾胡椒鲷(Plectorhyncchus cinctus）幼鱼，同步测定幼鱼的谷胱甘肽-硫-转移酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性以及DNA完整程度。结果表明，谷胱甘肽-硫-转移酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性随着饲料中卵磷脂含量的增加而提高，而DNA单链断裂程度随着饲料中卵磷脂含量的增加而减少。这提示卵磷脂能够提高鱼体的抗氧化防御系统的机能。     

温度变化对刺参免疫防御和抗氧化指标的影响

本文研究了温度变化对刺参(Apostichopusjaponicus)免疫和抗氧化指标的影响,实验设置为:对照组(CT,14℃)、慢速升温组(ST,14~20℃)和快速升温组(LT,14~26℃),取样时间为0、3、6、9、12、15、20d,分别取刺参体腔液、体壁和呼吸树测定免疫防御和抗氧化指标。结果表明:温度变化对刺参免疫防御和抗氧化指标影响显著(P0.05)。各处理组总体腔细胞数量、吞噬率以及体腔液溶菌活力在3~12d内呈峰值变化,于第9d时达到最大值,至12d分别恢复至或显著低于对照组水平。而ST和LT抗菌活力、凝集活性分别在15、12d后显著低于对照组水平。各处理组体腔液总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在15d内显著下降,而后维持稳定;各处理组体壁T-AOC活力、SOD活性、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽/氧化性谷胱甘肽(GSH/GSSG)在15d内逐渐上升,而后恢复至对照组水平;各处理组呼吸树T-AOC能力、SOD活性、GSH含量和GSH/GSSG逐渐上升,并于15d后维持稳定。由此可见,温度变化会在一定时间内引起刺参免疫应激反应,而随着温度的升高刺参免疫防御功能受到明显抑制,并且刺参不同组织应对温度变化的抗氧化响应机制不同,抗氧化水平为呼吸树体壁体腔液,随着温度的升高刺参整体抗氧化水平受到抑制。     

汞对南极细菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ62抗氧化酶活性的影响

因为污染毒害会引起生物体内活性氧的增加,所以生物体抗氧化系统的变化可以作为污染毒害引起的氧化胁迫程度的标记.南极细菌优势菌株Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ62在用氯化汞处理后的抗氧化酶和汞还原酶的活性变化实验结果表明,Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ62的超氧化物酶主要为Mn-SOD,当用5μmol/L和10 μmol/LHg2+处理时,其活性增加;在用Hg2+处理后,谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和汞还原酶的活性也显著增加.这些抗氧化反应可以用来作为南极生态系统汞污染引起的氧化胁迫的生物标记.     

不同聚合度琼寡糖对肝细胞内外抗氧化活性的影响

通过研究不同聚合度琼寡糖对肝细胞的内外抗氧化活性的影响,对琼寡糖聚合度与活性间的关系进行了评价。利用二苯基苦味酰肼自由基(DPPH·)检测方法研究了琼寡糖的细胞外抗氧化活性,结果表明,琼六糖具较高的淬灭自由基活性的能力。采用二氯荧光素检测方法(DCF)细胞内的活性,结果与细胞外的活性结果相吻合,并抑制H2O2所造成的细胞氧化损伤及死亡。通过选用五种聚合度的琼胶寡糖,研究了其抗氧化活性,从细胞内、外两个水平说明琼六糖均有良好的清除自由基活性的能力,进一步证实琼寡糖的抗氧化作用较强。     

类肝素新药“916”对高脂血症大鼠血清脂蛋白及过氧化脂质产物含量的影响(英文)

初步探讨了类肝素海洋新药“916”对高脂血症大鼠血清脂蛋白胆固醇及过氧化脂质的影响。结果表明,“916”能够明显抑制高脂饲料诱发的血清总但固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的升高;显著降低高脂血症大鼠血清过氧化脂质的含量。     

强光照和黑暗条件下刺参体壁的基因表达差异

参对光照变化非常敏感，研究刺参对光照的分子响应非常重要。本研究应用RNA测序获取了刺参暴露于强光（“强光”）、正常光照（“对照”）和完全黑暗（“黑暗”）环境下体壁的基因表达谱情况，通过“对照”与“黑暗”，“对照”与“强光”和“黑暗”与“强光”的比较，在|log₂ ratio|≥1和FDR≤0.001的标准下分别发现了1161、113和1705个差异表达基因（DEGs）。基因本体分析表明，“cellular process”和“binding”在“生物过程”和“分子功能”类别中的DEGs富集最多，而“cell”和“cell part”在“细胞组分”类别中的DEGs富集最多。将DEGs与Kyoto Encyclopedia基因和基因组数据库上的于214、41和229条通路进行比对，发现了51、2和57条通路分别显著富集。本研究发现的光特异性DEGs可作为深入研究刺参对光照变化的生化适应机制的重要目标基因。     

海洋硫酸多糖916在2种酶作用下稳定性的研究

利用高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)和明胶比浊法研究了海洋硫酸多糖916在溶菌酶和胰蛋白酶作用下的稳定性，分别考察了酶作用下916的重均分子量、分子量分布系数和游离硫酸根含量的变化。结果表明：在所选定的实验条件下，916的重均分子量、分子量分布系数和游离硫酸根含量均未发生显著变化，表明在所选择的实验条件下916对溶菌酶和胰蛋白酶是稳定的。     

利用2012年中国北极考察现场观测数据和卫星遥感资料评估海洋2号卫星扫描辐射计数据反演北极海冰密集度的研究

A retrieval algorithm of arctic sea ice concentration(SIC) based on the brightness temperature data of "HY-2" scanning microwave radiometer has been constructed. The tie points of the brightness temperature were selected based on the statistical analysis of a polarization gradient ratio and a spectral gradient ratio over open water(OW), first-year ice(FYI), and multiyear ice(MYI) in arctic. The thresholds from two weather filters were used to reduce atmospheric effects over the open ocean. SIC retrievals from the "HY-2" radiometer data for idealized OW, FYI, and MYI agreed well with theoretical values. The 2012 annual SIC was calculated and compared with two reference operational products from the National Snow and Ice Data Center(NSIDC) and the University of Bremen. The total ice-covered area yielded by the "HY-2" SIC was consistent with the results from the reference products. The assessment of SIC with the aerial photography from the fifth Chinese national arctic research expedition(CHINARE) and six synthetic aperture radar(SAR) images from the National Ice Service was carried out. The "HY-2" SIC product was 16% higher than the values derived from the aerial photography in the central arctic. The root-mean-square(RMS) values of SIC between "HY-2" and SAR were comparable with those between the reference products and SAR, varying from 8.57% to 12.34%. The "HY-2" SIC is a promising product that can be used for operational services.     

Could the conventionally known Abu Roash “G” reservoir (upper Cenomanian) be a promising active hydrocarbon source in the extreme northwestern part of Egypt? Palynofacies,palaeoenvironmental, and organic geochemical answers

In different areas of the Western Desert of Egypt, the Abu Roash “G” Member exhibits either a reservoir or source affinity. Thus, thirteen cutting samples covering the Abu Roash “G” Member were selected from the Nest-1A well at Matruh Basin to investigate its hydrocarbon source potential. Palynological age dating of the section that is calibrated with foraminifera and ostracodes enabled a proper identification of the “G” Member. Detailed analysis of the vertical distribution of particulate organic matter of this member shows two palynofacies types. PF-1 reflects an outer middle shelf depositional environment of prevailed reducing (suboxic-anoxic) conditions for the organic-rich shales of the lower “G” Member (samples 1–8). While, PF-2 reflects a minor regression that resulted in deposition of another organic-rich shales of the upper “G” Member (samples 9–13) in an inner middle shelf setting under the same prevailing reducing (suboxic-anoxic) conditions.Organic geochemical analysis reveals good to very good potential of the “G” Member as a hydrocarbon source rock (1.8–2.41, avg. 2.15 total organic content wt %). It also shows good to very good petroleum potential (PP: 4.8–11 , avg. 8 mg HC/g rock). Pyrolsis and palynofacies analyses show kerogen type II for the lower “G” Member (samples 1–8), which is characterized by high Hydrogen index (HI: 396 and 329 mg HC/g TOC at depths 1500 and 1560 m) and very high dominance of oil-prone material (amorphous organic matter “AOM”, marine palynomorphs, and sporomorphs) and very rare occurrence of gas-prone material (brown phytoclasts). The upper “G” Member (samples 9–13) shows kerogen type II-III, which is characterized by a lower HI value of 213 mg HC/g TOC at depth 1340 m and it contains fewer amounts of gas-prone material and relatively lower AOM and marine palynomorphs in comparison to the upper “G” Member. Maturation parameters T_max (430–433 °C), production index (PI: 0.1 mg HC/g rock), and thermal alteration index (TAI: 2+) indicate the lower “G” Member has already entered the early oil-window kitchen, and it is expected to produce oil. The upper “G” Member is expected to produce only oil with no gas shows, because it is marginally mature (T_max 426 °C, PI 0.2, TAI 2). The source potential index (SPI: 5.3 t HC/m²) of the “G” Member shows it as currently generating moderate quantities of oil in the area of Nest-1A well.Consequently, the organic-rich shales of the “G” Member are suggested here as a promising, active oil source rock in that extreme northwestern part of the Western Desert of Egypt. However, for commercial oil recovery from the Abu Roash “G” Member, it is highly recommended to explore the depocentre of Matruh Basin at about 150 km east the Nest-1A well.     

A convenient method for the determination of carbon in marine “net zooplankton”

Measurements of carbon in marine “net zooplankton” were made by use of a Leco 70 Second TC-12 Automatic Carbon Determinator. The instrument employs high-temperature (ca. 1600°C), dry-combustion and thermal-conductivity detection of the purified carbon-dioxide combustion product and oxygen carrier gas mixtures. The methodology developed in this study is convenient and rapid (ca. 70 sec per freeze-dried sample), with a mean error ($\text{±2σ/}\text{x}\text{·100}$) of ±4.4% at the 3 mg-C level and ±7.4% at the 10 mg-C level when benzoic acid is used as a standard, and ±9.2% at the 5 mg-C level and ±6.0% at the 10 mg-C level when casein is used as the standard. The technique was applied to the “splash zone” marine copepod Tigriopus californicus to obtain an average value of 38.6% C by weight. Concentrated samples of “net zooplankton” of varying size fractions were collected in the Monterey upwelling region over an eight-month period. Values up to 2000 mg-C/m² ocean surface (0–200 m) were observed in a seasonal cycle doubly peaked for some size fractions but not for others.     

Making invisible risks visible: Education,environmental risk information and coastal development

Developments in coastal regions often entail invisible, complex and uncertain aspects of risk. This paper examines: (1) what kinds of environmental risk information are generally “invisible” or difficult to understand; (2) whether or not there is specific “invisible” risk information especially related to coastal development; and (3) what would be bases of risk education in coastal communities in the future. It discusses these by looking at successful and unsuccessful attempts to make some “invisible” risk information visible, using examples from Japan and elsewhere.     

孟加拉湾一次热带气旋过程的海浪场模拟分析

基于第3代海浪模式WW3(WAVEWATCH-III),以具有高精度和较高分辨率的CCMP(Cross-Calibrated, Multi-Platform)风场为驱动场,对2011年12月发生在孟加拉湾的热带气旋“Thane”所致的大浪进行数值模拟。结果表明:(1)以CCMP风场驱动WW3海浪模式,可以较好地模拟热带气旋“Thane”在孟加拉湾造成的大浪,模拟的海浪数据具有较高精度。当有效波高(SWH)在2 m以内和大于5 m时,模拟值略小于观测值;当SWH在2~5 m之间时,模拟值略大于观测值。(2)热带气旋“Thane”所形成的大风和大浪的分布特征具有一定差异:大风区在气旋四周分布较为均匀;在大洋中部时,大浪区主要分布于右半圆,在近海时,大浪区主要分布于气旋行进方向的前方。(3)热带气旋“Thane”的风向和波向整体上保持了较好的一致性,仅在第2象限有一定的差异,该区域的风向主要为西北向,而波向则主要为偏北向。     

2种海洋寡糖对大麦种子萌发和生理特性的影响

本研究应用具有不同电荷性的褐藻寡糖(ADO)和壳寡糖(COS)处理大麦种子,探索在相同条件下不同浓度的海洋寡糖对大麦幼苗生长情况及生理特性的影响。生长指标包括苗长、根长、苗重及根重,以及对大麦种子淀粉酶活力和叶绿素含量的影响。试验结果表明:当ADO和COS处理浓度分别为0.5%和0.025%时,大麦的各项生长指标、种子淀粉酶活力及叶绿素含量均达到最大值,与对照组相比显著增加(P<0.05)。2种海洋寡糖均是具有独特生理活性的分子片段,分子量大小相近,但基于2种寡糖分子结构的不同,造成在对大麦的促生长方面存在差异性,为以后2种海洋寡糖的合理开发利用提供了参考。     

Three-dimensional facies architecture analysis using sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology: Example from the Paleogene Dongying Formation in the BZ3-1 block of the Bozhong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

The Bohai Bay Basin is a classic non-marine rift basin in eastern China. The Paleogene Dongying sequences are the main hydrocarbon-bearing stratigraphic unit in the basin. Using three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data and one well control in the BZ3-1 Block in the western slope of the Bozhong Sag, we analyzed 3-D facies architectures of the Dongying sequences. The Dongying Formation, a second-order sequence, can be subdivided into four third-order sequences (from base to top: SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, and SQ4). The facies architecture was analyzed by using the seismic sedimentology approach based on 3-D seismic data. Sediment of the Dongying sequences was derived from the northern Shijiutuo Uplift via four major configurations of incised valleys, namely “V”, “U”, “W”, and composite shaped incised valleys. Seismic stratal slices reveal branching and converging characteristics of the channels from upstream to downstream. On the basis of an integrated analysis of well log, core data, seismic facies based on multi-seismic attributes, three sedimentary facies (e.g., “delta”, “fan-delta”, and “shore” or “shallow lacustrine” facies) have been recognized. The four types of incised valleys and their evolution control the sedimentary systems in the sedimentation area. The numbers and sizes of the fans are controlled by the sedimentary systems at various scales. Incised valley-fill and deltaic sand bodies are excellent hydrocarbon reservoirs and potentially good exploration targets for the study area. The reservoir quality of sequences SQ1, SQ2, and SQ3 become better gradually from base to top. The proposed sediment dispersal patterns may aid in the prediction of potential reservoir distribution. This study also demonstrates that facies architecture analysis using sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology may serve as an effective approach for constructing 3D facies models for petroleum exploration in areas lacking of well or outcrop data.