利用海洋重力数据和水深数据的相关性剔除粗差

在进行海洋重力和水深测量的时候,由于各种原因会造成部分测量数据带有较大的误差或出现错误.根据海洋重力测量时同时进行水深测量的作业方式,通过实际测量数据,利用海洋重力数据和水深数据的相关性,介绍了在数据后处理中海洋重力数据和水深数据的相互参照作用,以判断测量数据的正确与否,便于删除错误数据,提高测量数据的质量.     

专用海洋底质粒度分析数据整编方法

结合海洋环境资料整编项目实际需求,研究海洋底质粒度分析数据的收集、预处理、标准化及质量控制方法。分析海洋底质粒度分析数据的类型和内容特点,结合海洋底质粒度分析数据的处理方法和应用特点,研究海洋底质粒度分析数据质量的检查内容和检查方法,确定控制海洋底质粒度分析数据质量的技术方法。     

海水表层盐度数据的时-频联合分析初探

时－频联合分析法是近年来才兴起的一种信号分析方法，它是分析处理频率随时间而改变的非稳态信号的强有力工具。本文对这种方法作了简单介绍，并采用这种方法处理了嵊山海洋站海水表层盐度观测资料。所得结果表明，这种方法与传统方法相结合可以更好地分析海洋观测数据。     

浅谈国家海洋资料中心质量管理体系的设计与发展

国家海洋资料中心是搜集、汇总、处理、质控、分发、保存国际和国家海洋资料的国家机构。海洋数据服务日常业务过程的背后,实际就是数据的观测、传输和使用的过程。海洋数据已经成为国家海洋信息化建设和重要基础资源和国家海洋事业发展的重要组成部分,其质量管理正越来越受到关注。文章讨论了我国作为政府间海委会的成员国,如何在国际海洋资料与信息交换计划发起质量管理框架的大背景下,及时做好海洋资料中心质量管理的标准化体系建设这一重要而迫切的工作。针对海洋信息服务系统中,数据收集、数据管理和存储以及数据应用服务等活动,讨论如何通过施行国际标准,确保业务工作质量,提高工作效率和服务能力。参考通用的国家海洋资料中心质量管理问题的定义和分类,介绍了我国国家海洋资料中心新建立的质量管理体系,探讨了在未来管理和不断发展中所应着重注意的问题。     

数据同化在海洋数值产品制作及预报中的应用研究

讨论了海洋中数据同化的目的,意义,各种数据同化方法,国内外发展现状及其在海洋数值产品制作及预报中的应用。文中还介绍了数据同化方法中的客观分析法和伴随法的原理,结合海洋中的实际问题进行了数据同化试验,给出了相应的同化试验结果,并讨论了二阶伴随理论。     

我国海洋监测浮标技术及监测网现状及发展

海洋资料浮标可以在各种复杂的海洋环境中提供长期、连续、实时、可靠的海洋观测数据,是海洋监测技术中最可靠、最有效、最重要的手段之一。本文概述了海洋资料浮标的分类、主要理论及技术体系;总结了近年来国内海洋资料浮标发展的典型技术突破;介绍了我国目前海洋监测网的构成、应用情况,并对比了我国海洋资料浮标与国际先进国家的技术水平差距,在此基础上,结合我国当前面临的形势及需求,展望了海洋资料浮标及监测网技术的发展趋势。     

海洋测量误差处理技术研究

系统而扼要地介绍了十几年来坚持跟踪世界发展动态，灵活运用新理论和新方法，并从实际作业需要出发，致力于海洋测量误差处理理论及应用研究所取得的一些有理论意义和实用价值的成果，这些成果在海洋测量的各个领域，特别是在多波束测深、海洋重力和磁力测量数据处理中已经得到广泛应用。并对这一研究领域未来的发展方向作了展望。     

使用MATLAB绘制常用海洋要素图件

利用MATLAB软件强大的图形制作功能,结合海洋水文资料的特点,介绍了海洋水文资料的检查、处理、分析及应用中常用图形的快捷绘制方法。     

基于数字海洋框架的海洋资料整合与共享服务管理模式浅析

文章根据目前我国海洋资料整合处理技术与资料共享服务工作实际情况,提出构建基于数字海洋的资料整合与共享应用服务新模式,通过建立规范统一的海洋资料整合处理技术,开发海洋资料整合,并制作满足不同用户的海洋环境信息产品。在此基础上,利用并行、虚拟技术,建立基于数字海洋的共享应用服务系统,有效实现海量数据管理与共享。根据山东省海洋与渔业厅海洋综合管理业务需求,开展海洋环境与基础地理信息示范应用。     

美国海洋测绘数据的共享和管理及对我国的启示

海洋测绘数据是实施海洋各项研究和开发活动不可或缺的基础资料,以几类主要海洋测绘数据为目标,介绍了美国 海洋机构共享的海洋测绘数据的基本情况,在此基础上,以NOAA的NGDC为例,介绍并分析了其主要的空间数据管理方法 和模式,旨在为我国海洋测绘数据的共享和服务平台建设提供借鉴和参考。     

XML海洋信息应用分析

分析了海洋数据的特点,并综述了XML在海洋信息中的应用及其意义;介绍了该领域技术的国内外概况;分析适合我国海洋信息的)XML应用技术。     

两型国产CTD海上比测试验结果分析

基于目前国内海洋仪器的现状,为了对国产温盐深剖面仪(Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profiler,CTD)的性能和实际使用情况有个量化的结果,在我国南海东北部海域对国内较为成熟且具备产品化条件的两型国产CTD开展第三方独立检验与验证。比测过程中,采用同架捆绑,同步下放的方法进行测量。数据处理时,采用一种简便的移相相关法,对国产CTD的压力(P)、温度(T)、电导率(C)、盐度(S)与标准CTD进行对比分析。试验结果表明两者数据曲线趋势一致,线形基本吻合,参试的国产CTD基本上达到自身产品标称精度,但低于标准CTD精度。本次比测结果有利于促进技术成果的完善与固化,有利于进一步提高设备的可靠性、稳定性和批量一致性,为国产海洋环境监测设备的规模化应用和推广提供数据支撑。     

内存映射文件在大数据量海洋调查数据处理中的应用

在进行大数据量海洋调查数据处理的过程中,以通常的普通文件操作的方式读取这些数据往往需要应用程序持续不断地努力执行与硬盘间的大量数据交换任务,其不但占用大量计算机内存,而且完成的效率之低往往令人难以忍受。为满足大数据量海洋调查数据计算机处理工作的需要,利用内存映射文件的方法实现了对大数据量海洋调查数据进行高效率读取和分析的软件设计。文中阐述了该软件的设计思路和内存映射文件方法的具体实现过程。通过实际应用证明该软件稳定可靠,在运行效率上较普通应用程序方式有显著提高。     

Seasat data applications by commercial users

Abstract

The Seasat Program was initiated as a proof‐of‐concept mission to evaluate the effectiveness of remotely sensed oceanographic phenomena from a satellite platform. From inception, this program has been user‐oriented. These users, within the academic, government, and commercial ocean communities, have served as the architects of the program and are continuing to be involved in the validation and application of the satellite‐derived data. While an early failure of the satellite deprived the user communities of a real‐time multiseasonal data set, the program did yield a rare and valuable archive of data now being analyzed and validated by a variety of users.

A unique program of evaluation exists to assess the impact of satellite‐derived oceanographic observations in several segments of the commercial sector. Commercial users from such segments as marine transportation, ocean mining, offshore oil and gas exploration and operations, marine Fisheries, and marine safety are analyzing Seasat data to understand the operational and economic impact of such data on their various business activities.

Early results from these studies show that satellite observations alone can provide commercial users with historical data for new and remote areas of operation which, to obtain by in situ measurements, would require enormous expenditures of funds for oceanographic instrumentation. More significantly, these studies are showing that timely oceanographic and weather forecasts, improved by the use of satellite‐derived observations of winds, waves, and surface temperatures, can result in more efficient and safe operations, yielding industry savings of millions of dollars annually.     

海洋仪器计量检定校准数据处理系统

随着海洋仪器在海洋调查、海洋监测、海洋科研等领域的广泛应用,开展海洋仪器的计量检定校准工作成为了国家海洋计量站最基本的业务工作之一。“海洋仪器计量检定校准数据处理系统”是专门为海洋仪器计量检定、校准数据的处理而设计的软件系统,文章详细介绍了该系统的结构和功能。     

Vertical Thermohaline Structure,Water Masses,and Large-Scale Fronts in the Southwest Atlantic and Neighboring Antarctic Water Areas

The vertical profiles of temperature and salinity are classified by using the contemporary array of actual and monthly average archive oceanographic data. A scheme of decomposition of the investigated water area into zones according to the typical features of vertical stratification of the thermohaline field is proposed. The criterion of maximum of the horizontal temperature and salinity gradients is used to select and map the principal large-scale frontal boundaries. The parameters of fronts and some regularities of their seasonal variability are described and the data on water masses interacting in the analyzed system of fronts are presented.     

Visualizing Upwelling at Monterey Bay in an Integrated Environment of GIS and Scientific Visualization

Oceanographic data are complex in that they incorporate multiple measurements and various scales. They are truly three-dimensional, and often vary in time. As the ability to acquire data is constantly being enhanced by the introduction of new and increasingly sophisticated instruments, it is challenging for oceanographers to inspect oceanographic processes by analyzing the complex data conventionally. In this article, we discuss an integrated GIS/visualization approach to visualize oceanographic data in Monterey Bay in order to get a better understanding of upwelling processes. The GIS system performs data interpolation, unifies map projection, and filters the processed data to a computer visualization package. The multidimensional visualization and animation features of the visualization tool are used to gain insight into marine upwelling processes. In such an integrated environment, the water properties (i.e., temperature, salinity, and density) in Monterey Bay during upwelling are visualized, and the characteristics of upwelling are examined. The center of upwelling and the maximum depth of upwelling in Monterey Bay during the 1995 upwelling season are identified. The differences in temperature changing patterns between a typical upwelling year and an El Nino year are shown in this study. The integration of GIS and visualization makes it easier for oceanographers to discover and understand upwelling.     

Visualizing Upwelling at Monterey Bay in an Integrated Environment of GIS and Scientific Visualization

Oceanographic data are complex in that they incorporate multiple measurements and various scales. They are truly three-dimensional, and often vary in time. As the ability to acquire data is constantly being enhanced by the introduction of new and increasingly sophisticated instruments, it is challenging for oceanographers to inspect oceanographic processes by analyzing the complex data conventionally. In this article, we discuss an integrated GIS/visualization approach to visualize oceanographic data in Monterey Bay in order to get a better understanding of upwelling processes. The GIS system performs data interpolation, unifies map projection, and filters the processed data to a computer visualization package. The multidimensional visualization and animation features of the visualization tool are used to gain insight into marine upwelling processes. In such an integrated environment, the water properties (i.e., temperature, salinity, and density) in Monterey Bay during upwelling are visualized, and the characteristics of upwelling are examined. The center of upwelling and the maximum depth of upwelling in Monterey Bay during the 1995 upwelling season are identified. The differences in temperature changing patterns between a typical upwelling year and an El Nino year are shown in this study. The integration of GIS and visualization makes it easier for oceanographers to discover and understand upwelling.     

Scale-dependent habitat use by a large free-ranging predator,the Mediterranean fin whale

Since the heterogeneity of oceanographic conditions drives abundance, distribution, and availability of prey, it is essential to understand how foraging predators interact with their dynamic environment at various spatial and temporal scales. We examined the spatio-temporal relationships between oceanographic features and abundance of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), the largest free-ranging predator in the Western Mediterranean Sea (WM), through two independent approaches. First, spatial modeling was used to estimate whale density, using waiting distance (the distance between detections) for fin whales along ferry routes across the WM, in relation to remotely sensed oceanographic parameters. At a large scale (basin and year), fin whales exhibited fidelity to the northern WM with a summer-aggregated and winter-dispersed pattern. At mesoscale (20–100 km), whales were found in colder, saltier (from an on-board system) and dynamic areas defined by steep altimetric and temperature gradients. Second, using an independent fin whale satellite tracking dataset, we showed that tracked whales were effectively preferentially located in favorable habitats, i.e. in areas of high predicted densities as identified by our previous model using oceanographic data contemporaneous to the tracking period. We suggest that the large-scale fidelity corresponds to temporally and spatially predictable habitat of whale favorite prey, the northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica), while mesoscale relationships are likely to identify areas of high prey concentration and availability.     

Structure and kinematics of waters in the region of the Argentine Islands in the autumn of 1998

On the basis of the data of the complex oceanographic experiment carried out in the course of the second Ukrainian Antarctic expedition in March 1998, we study the structure and kinematics of waters in the region of the archipelago of Argentine Islands. The regularities of thermohaline stratification of waters are discovered. We determine the most important environmental parameters premoting the variability of hydrophysical fields on time scales varying from several days up to a week, analyse the data of actual observations over the currents, and estimate the relative contribtions of diurnal and semidiurnal tidal waves to the total dispersion of hydrophysical parameters of the environment. The residual currents are filtered out. We propose a hypothesis about the mechanism of their formation. Various types of tidal currents are revealed and the directions of propagation of diurnal and semidiurnal tidal waves are determined. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev