基于LIBSVM的石油录井中岩屑岩性识别方法研究

针对在PDC钻头条件下石油录井过程中的岩屑岩性难以用肉眼识别,以及传统分类器准确率低的问题,该文利用和差直方图变换、傅里叶变换、Gabor变换3种不同的岩屑图像特征提取技术,将岩屑样品进行特征提取,并设定LIBSVM分类器的分类参数,根据得到的岩性识别率的高低来确定最优的参数组合。结果表明,SVM设置类型上选择NU_SVC、核函数选择RBF、分类参数gamma设置为0.1、nu设置为0.11的参数组合可获得较高的岩性识别率。其中采用Gabor特征提取方式和LIBSVM分类器对现场岩屑样品进行测试,获得的岩性识别率最高,对现场泥岩和砂岩的平均识别率分别为95%和90%。与神经网络分类器分类结果比较,该方法能更好地分析岩屑的岩性,可望在现场得以推广应用。     

X射线荧光元素录井技术在SD油田的应用

哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地咸海以东的SD油田SD-35井在钻探过程中,由于钻井工艺的改进,导致录井过程中岩屑细小,使常规录井手段来划分地层存在技术性难题。X射线荧光元素录井中的特征元素含量的变化趋势可以用来识别岩性,划分地层。基于SD-35井的岩心、岩屑特征元素含量与岩性的相关性关系,认为1 437.0~1 464.0m井段的地层中Si、Al、Mg、K、S、Co、Cd、Ti等元素含量的变化趋势与底部变质石英岩的整体趋势一致,对比性强,结合其他资料分析识别出其岩性为具有部分风化性质的变质石英岩。研究结果表明,X射线荧光元素录井技术可作为录井岩性识别的新的手段,同时可为地层的定量解释评价提供技术方面的支撑。     

X射线衍射全岩录井技术在渤海油田的应用

渤海油田的勘探中深层的快速发展、PDC钻头大量使用、大位移井等新技术的应用等,造成现场岩屑细碎,依靠传统的岩性识别方法进行岩性识别越来越困难,进而影响到中深层地层界面的准确判断,不能满足目前随钻岩性识别和实时建立地质岩性剖面的要求。为了解决细碎岩屑的岩性识别以及地层界面识别的问题,渤海油田引入了X射线衍射全岩录井技术(以下简称XRD),该技术主要分析岩石中所含矿物成分以及相对含量,通过特征指示矿物含量的变化,进行岩性识别,根据不同沉积环境的矿物含量的变化趋势来进行地层划分,为现场岩性快速识别及地层界面识别提供了有力支持。     

基于测深数据的胶州湾底质类型估计方法

探讨了基于高精度多波束水深数据的底质分类方法。对高精度水深数据按一定采样窗口单元提取统计特征;利用聚类分析方法对采样窗口单元进行分类;将分类结果与表层沉积物底质调查结果以及声纳分类结果相对比,发现三者具有一致性。此方法可以用来识别基岩、砾石、沙和粘土等底质类型。     

新疆塔北低阻油气层录井识别方法

低阻油气层因其储层电阻率低于或接近邻近水层的电阻率，致使油气层测井电阻率响应特征不明显，常规方法识别油水层难度增大。简要概述了新疆塔北地区中新生界低阻油气层的成因，现场录井过程中利用气测录井、定量荧光、岩石热解、热蒸发色谱及核磁共振技术进行低阻油气层的有效识别，实例证明录井资料在评价、识别低电阻油层中能起到较好的效果，是识别低阻油层的有效方法之一。     

西湖凹陷油气录井技术识别与评价

西湖凹陷目前已发现的油气层主要集中在平湖组和花港组储层之中。平湖组主力烃源岩的有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,主要形成气藏（含凝析气藏）和轻质油藏,其具有流动性强、极易挥发等特点,烃类损失较大。通过目前应用的几种录井技术来看,泥浆综合气测录井能较好的识别油气层,通过对C1参数的矫正能够很好的识别出油气显示层,根据各气测参数的特征变化,并能对油气层的性质进行初步的较准确评价。地化录井、定量荧光录井由于受到烃类损失大的影响,在对油气层识别及评价中不及气测录井敏感。     

基于辐射噪声特征的舰船目标识别分类方法综述

通过舰船的辐射噪声对目标进行识别分类是水声领域的一个重要研究课题。综合介绍舰船辐射噪声数据获取途径、特征提取技术和目标识别技术。首先,介绍了 4 种数据采集类型较为丰富的辐射噪声数据库。其次,从线谱识别、小波分析和非线性特征提取技术 3 个方面介绍辐射噪声的特征提取技术。最后,从支持向量机等传统分类识别技术和深度学习技术 2 个方向介绍辐射噪声领域的识别分类技术。较系统地总结了基于舰船辐射噪声的目标识别分类技术,可以为舰船目标分类识别的研究提供参考。     

基于EOS/MODI图像资料的多光谱云分类技术

利用EOS/MODIS图像资料,采用逐个修改聚类和模糊聚类的分类器,设计了基于统计模式识别的云分类技术,并将其应用于2002年6月10日0200台风云系的云理识别,同时借助GMS-5图像资料进行了对比分析.结果发现台风云系的分类结果与台风云系的概念模式存在较好的对应关系,逐个修改聚类和模糊聚类的分类器对典型台风云系有较好的识别能力,极轨卫星的分类结果好于静止卫星,纹理特征的引入对分类结果有一定的影响.     

国内深水录井技术初探

深水蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,国内的油气勘探开发重点正在向海上转移。国外有相对成熟的深水钻井工艺,国内的深水钻井工艺研究刚刚起步,与之相配套的深水录井工艺在国内几乎还是空白。从HSE保障、油气显示发现及解释评价、优化钻井、钻井信息化建设等方面分析了国内深水钻井对录井的需求;从保障钻井安全、工程参数获取、岩屑采集、钻井液气体分析、资料的综合解释等方面阐述了深水钻井给录井带来的影响,并提出了对策,对深水录井的发展提出建议。     

最大似然分类法在多波束底质分类中的应用

研究利用多波束测深系统获取的反向散射强度数据和海底声像图,通过数据预处理,应用Beyes统计分类方法实现了对海底泥、砂、砾石和基岩等底质类型的自动分类识别。     

Model of Shipping Noise in the Deep Water: Directional Density and Spatial Coherence Functions

The shipping noise properties in the deep ocean are studied. Shipping noise exhibits the strong dual-horned directionality features in the flat-seabed ocean, and its directional density can be modeled by a Von Mises distribution. With the explicit expression for the directional density function, the spatial coherence functions of shipping noise are also derived, and the relative features are studied. The research result shows that the properties of shipping noise are different from the ambient noise of other sources, and it can be used for the sonar array design. The model is well matched with the experimental result, and it can be extended to the situations when the ambient noise exhibits the dual-horned structure.     

Toxicity of sediments from around a North Sea oil platform: are metals or hydrocarbons responsible for ecological impacts?

Discharges of contaminated drill cuttings have caused appreciable ecological change of the benthos adjacent to many oil and gas platforms in the North Sea. Many platforms have large piles of cuttings lying beneath them and these probably present the greatest potential hazard to the environment during platform decommissioning and removal. There is, however, a lack of consensus on which aspects of drill cuttings are responsible for the adverse ecological effects. This hinders risk assessment of management options. Here we report data on the toxicity of sediments from around the North West Hutton platform to the amphipod Corophium volutator, the polychaete Arenicola marina and the Microtox" acute test system. Sediment was acutely toxic to Corophium out as far as 600 m from the platform. Sediment from 100 m from the platform remained acutely toxic to Corophium when 3% contaminated sediment was mixed with clean sediment. A 10% dilution of this sediment also inhibited Arenicola feeding almost completely. Sediment elutriates did not inhibit Microtox light output, but organics extracted by dichloromethane were very toxic. Fifteen minute EC50 values were as low as 0.25 mg ml(-1) and were strongly correlated with hydrocarbon concentrations. Metal concentrations in whole sediments were correlated with their toxicity to Corophium but the relationship was much weaker when data on dilutions were included. Except at sites immediately adjacent to the platform, metal concentrations were well below ERL values from the literature, so were too low to explain sediment toxicity. Toxicity of sediments to Corophium was closely correlated with their hydrocarbon content, even when tests on dilutions were included in the analysis. We conclude that hydrocarbons are the most significant cause of toxicity in these sediments contaminated with oil based drill cuttings and that polar organics, sulphide. ammonia and other water soluble substances are of much lower significance. Applying OSPAR guidelines to our data on the toxicity of cuttings pile material to Corophium data would give a maximum allowable concentration of 0.03% in clean sediments. The Microtox data indicate that sediments from deeper in the pile would require an even greater dilution than this.     

Impact of oil-based drill mud disposal on benthic foraminiferal assemblages on the continental margin off Angola

In order to assess the possible environmental impact of oily cuttings discharged during oil exploration activities, we studied the benthic foraminiferal faunas in a five-station, 4-km-long sampling transect around a cuttings disposal site at about 670 m depth offshore Angola (W Africa), where drilling activities started 1.5 years before sampling. Living (Rose Bengal stained) and dead foraminiferal faunas were sampled in March 2006. The faunal patterns mirror the spatial distribution of hydrocarbons, which are dispersed into a southeastern direction. Four different areas can be distinguished on the basis of the investigated faunal parameters (density, diversity and species composition of the living fauna, and comparison with subrecent dead faunas). The fauna at station S31, 300 m SE of the oil cuttings disposal site, appears to be clearly impacted: the faunal density and diversity are maximal, but evenness is minimal. Taxa sensitive to organic enrichment, such as Uvigerina peregrina, Cancris auriculus and Cribrostomoides subglobosus, have largely disappeared, whereas the low-oxygen-resistant taxon Chilostomella oolina and opportunistic buliminids and bolivinids attain relatively high densities. At station S32, 500 m SE of the disposal site, environmental impact is still perceptible. The faunal density is slightly increased, and U. peregrina, apparently the most sensitive species, is still almost absent. The faunas found at 1 and 1.8 km SE of the disposal site are apparently no longer impacted by the drill mud disposal. Faunal density and diversity are low, and the faunal composition is typical for a mesotrophic to eutrophic upper slope environment. Finally, Station S35, 2 km NW of the disposal site, contains an intermediate fauna, where both the low-oxygen-resistant C. oolina and the more sensitive taxa (U. peregrina, C. auriculus and C. subglobosus) are present. All taxa live close to the sediment–water interface here, indicating a reduced oxygen penetration into the sediment. Since the hydrocarbon concentration is low at this station, it appears that the faunal characteristics are the consequence of a slightly different environmental setting, and not due to a contamination with drill cuttings. Our data underline the large potential of benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators of anthropogenic enrichment in open marine settings, such as caused by the disposal of oily drill cuttings. The foraminiferal faunas react essentially by a density increase of a number of tolerant and/or opportunistic taxa, and a progressive disappearance of more sensitive taxa in the most impacted area. Rather surprisingly, large-sized taxa appear to be more sensitive than small-sized foraminiferal taxa.     

哥伦比亚Magdalena盆地V油田沉积及演化特征

通过岩心、录井、测井等资料分析认为研究区为辫状河三角洲沉积,沉积主体为辫状河三角洲前缘亚相,只在研究区北端为辫状河三角洲平原沉积。研究区Guaduas组经历了两期湖平面的升降旋回,十几个短期旋回。由于辫状河道频繁改道,河漫滩以及水下分流河道间湾沉积形成的隔夹层分布广泛,储层的连通性变差,形成非常复杂的油水系统。储集砂体主要是水下分流河道与河口坝,物性受沉积微相的控制,河口坝砂体储层物性最好,水下分流河道次之,辫状河道最差。     

适合海洋钻井无土相强抑制性钻井液体系的研究

在渤海湾盆地,由于沉积地层存在大段活性软泥页岩,普通聚合物钻井液体系的包被抑制能力不够,封堵能力不强,剪切稀释能力差,在钻遇该泥页岩井段时,经常出现井下复杂情况,并且油层受到一定程度的伤害。为此,研制了无土相强抑制性钻井液体系。从体系中处理剂的防塌抑制机理出发,确定了强抑制性钻井液体系构建的最优组合。研究结果表明该钻井液体系具有强的抑制性,岩屑滚动回收率达到95.6%,接近于油基泥浆;并且具有良好的润滑性、抗温性、抗钻屑污染、抗CaCl2污染、抗MgCl2污染以及良好的储层保护性能,渗透率恢复值能达到85%以上,能够满足大段软泥页岩等复杂地层的钻井要求,具有广阔的应用前景。     

最优插值法及其在热带太平洋海表温度数据同化中的应用

利用M IT gcm模式和最优插值法搭建的同化平台对热带太平洋赤道附近的海表温度SST数据进行了数值同化处理。结果表明,同化处理有效兼顾了模式模拟值和观测值,纠正了模式模拟值出现的误差,数值同化结果更接近于观测值。该同化平台能够更好地反映出SST的分布特征,该同化方法可以有效地对海表数据进行数值预报。     

地貌形态对海底管线稳定性影响的研究

以东方1-1平台海底管线路由区为例,多次对该路由区多波束测深、旁扫声纳、浅地层剖面、土质、海流及海底过程的原位监测调查数据和收集的波浪、海流等相关资料进行分析,得出,在水动力条件的作用下,海底会产生沉积物的侵蚀、搬运和沉积等过程,这些过程对海底地貌有重要的改造作用,会对管线稳定性具有重大影响。提出管线铺设需预先了解水下环境的动力条件的规律,识别沿拟定管线路由区可能存在的海床运动和波流冲刷的地质灾害,找到地貌形态对海底管线稳定性影响的原因。进而提出根据不同情况的解决对策,有效地减少地貌形态对海底管线稳定性影响。     

Palynological,palynofacies, paleoenvironmental and organic geochemical studies on the Upper Cretaceous succession of the GPTSW-7 well,North Western Desert,Egypt

The present study of the Abu Roash and Bahariya formations in well GPTSW-7 refines our understanding of the subsurface Cretaceous of the north Western Desert of Egypt. Our investigations are based on the palynological analyses of 71 cuttings samples, of which 24 have also been analyzed for geochemistry, in addition to 3 sidewall cores analyzed for vitrinite reflectance (R_o).     

Mixed-function oxygenases as biological monitors around petroleum hydrocarbon development sites: Potential for induction by diesel and other drilling mud base oils containing reduced levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

The use of oil-based drilling muds has been discouraged in hydrocarbon exploration and production in the marine environment but these muds are presently being used to a considerable degree in the United Kingdom and Norwegian sectors of the North Sea. Field studies in the North Sea have demonstrated only localized impacts around individual drilling sites,^1,2 even including those sites where ‘toxic’ diesel oils were employed as base fluids in drilling muds. Yet the question of disposal of cuttings contaminated with oil from drilling muds remains somewhat controversial. The induction of mixed-function oxygenases (MFO) has been validated on a number of occasions in the field as a sensitive index of low level hydrocarbon exposure (reviewed by Payne),³ including sites in the North Sea where diesel-based muds were used.⁴ The present study demonstrates that any potential for induction by hydrocarbon contaminated cuttings will probably be reduced by substitution of low-aromatic base oils for diesel in drilling mud formulations.     

低土相高密度钻井液体系的配方研制

针对高密度钻井液体系普遍存在的黏度偏大、流变性难以调控、经常出现井下复杂情况等问题,通过对聚合物包被剂、膨润土含量、润滑剂、抑制剂的优选,确定了低土相高密度钻井液体系的最佳配方,开发了一套低土相高密度钻井液体系。室内研究结果表明,该钻井液体系具有良好的抗钻屑、NaCl和石膏的污染能力和良好的抑制封堵能力,岩屑滚动回收率达到93．7％,能够满足高温高压、严重造浆、高渗透率以及微裂缝发育等复杂地层的钻井技术要求。