船舶雷电防护技术研究

为了能够科学合理地为大型复杂的船体进行雷电防护设计,文章依据雷电形成的过程及特点,分析总结船舶遭受雷电危害可能存在两方面的原因:一种是船舶直接接闪雷电流;另一方面是雷电没有直接击中船舶,而是雷击电磁脉冲对船舶造成的间接影响。最后文章从船舶本身的特殊性出发,提出安装接闪器、引下线和泄流装置的方法防止雷电对船舶造成的直接危害,提出采取等电位连接、屏蔽、接地和安装电涌保护器的方法减少船舶遭受雷电的间接影响,并考虑船舶所处工作大环境提出防护建议。只有合理地采用各种防护措施才能最大限度地避免船舶遭受雷电干扰。     

计算机机房的防雷与接地系统

针对雷电入侵机房的途径和危害，采取相应的防雷设计；机房的防雷设计包括外部防护和内部防护，外部防护主要指机房所在的建筑物的防雷保护，内部防护包括屏蔽、等电位连接和共用接地系统、过电压防护和综合布线等措施。     

太阳能热水器的防雷现状分析及预防对策

通过对太阳能热水器雷电灾害事例的理论分析,结合太阳能热水器的安装位置和特点,从直击雷防护和雷电电磁脉冲防护两个方面对其防雷措施进行阐述,采取太阳能热水器室外、室内部分均与内墙主筋进行等电位联结的方式,消除洗浴室设备之间的电位差,将引入室内的雷电流降至最低.     

PLC系统的防雷保护

为防御和减轻雷电对工业用PLC系统造成的损害,需要对该系统进行防雷保护.首先介绍了PLC系统的基本概念,然后从直击雷、屏蔽、接地、等电位连接、安装浪涌保护器等几个方面阐述如何对PLC系统进行防雷保护.     

高压架空输电线路的防雷技术探讨

在对枣庄市山区的几条10kV和35kV高压输电线路的防雷施工中,通过对高压输电线路的雷击跳闸案例分析,分析出了高压架空输电线路的雷击跳闸的原因,探讨高压输电线路切实有效的雷电防护技术,解决雷电对输电线路的绕击和反击问题。     

山东省雷电灾害风险评估系统的开发

山东省雷电灾害风险评估系统是以Java为平台设计开发的集查询管理和计算功能于一体的办公软件。该系统可依项目所在地经纬度自动分析该区域气象资料,根据雷电灾害风险评估技术规范和现场勘查数据,对各类建筑物的雷电灾害风险进行系统评估。所有数据可在系统内部完成交互及分析计算,自动生成评估报告,提高了雷电防护技术服务的工作效率和水平。     

高压输电线路防雷技术探讨

通过某高压变电站因雷击经常停电的实际解决实例,就雷电对输电线路的威胁途径和破坏原理进行了分析,并提出了具体防雷技术。     

基于双冗余以太网通信的气象实时观测数据采集网络传输系统的设计与实现

随着以太网技术应用的日趋成熟,在海洋和大气观测领域,人们希望对传统不具备网络通讯能力的观测仪器进行智能化和网络节点化改造。设计和实现了一套气象实时观测数据采集与网络传输系统。该系统采用基于ARM的嵌入式系统集成设计方案,实现了对外部传感器实时观测数据的采集和以太网通信。作为多级网络系统中的一个网络节点,该采集传输系统采用双冗余以太网通信接口设计,使系统中的双路以太网在一路局部故障或线路受损时可以自动冗余切换。这一设计特点大幅提高了作为网络节点的数据采集传输系统在与外部其他设备通信时数据传输的可靠性。通过在以太网条件下,网络闭环控制运行试验等测试,证明所开发的气象实时观测数据采集网络传输系统运行稳定可靠,双冗余以太网接口切换正常,数据采集传输及时准确,可完全满足实际应用的需要。     

CAMS-LNWS雷电临近预警系统在山东地区的应用

随着经济的发展,雷电对城市发展建设的威胁日益严重,开展雷电监测及预警预报技术的研究成为灾害防御工作的重点。该文简要介绍了CAMSLNWS雷电临近预警系统及其在山东地区的应用,通过选取典型雷暴天气过程对预警结果进行分析和评估,给出不同预警时效预报结果的评分值,并分析出现差异的原因。结果表明:该系统能够对可能发生雷电的区域进行有效预警,随预警时效的延长,预警效果有所降低。     

业务化海洋观测数据传输网络的设计与实现

从建设目标、系统结构、系统功能和关键技术等方面讨论了海洋观测数据传输网络的建设,重点设计了系统结构中网络层有线和无线专网的建设以及系统功能所必需的数据传输模块、线路线控模块、数据监控模块、数据存储模块,旨在促进业务化海洋观测数据传输网络在我国各个海区的规范化建设,提高我国海洋观测预报和海洋灾害预警的能力。     

Discharge Control on Boundary of Tidal Models and Measuring Techniques of Low Current Velocity

This paper describes the discharge control technique on boundary used in two models, one is the model of hot water drainning in Dayawan Nyclear Power Plant, Guangdong, and the other is the model for trainhing the sand bar at the Guanhe Estuary, Jiangsu. Many years of application shows that this technique has the advantages of good reliability, repeatability and validity. The speedometer of hydrogen bubble is also introduced in this paper. The device can display and store tracing lines in a computer, and help operators to obtain the value and direction of transient velocity of a nonsteady current, thus, the problem of measurment of low current velocity in tidal model tests is solved and the automation of the measurement of current velocity is realized.     

Calculation of the Lightning Potential Index and electric field in numerical weather prediction models

Modern methods for predicting thunderstorms and lightnings with the use of high-resolution numerical models are considered. An analysis of the Lightning Potential Index (LPI) is performed for various microphysics parameterizations with the use of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The maximum index values are shown to depend significantly on the type of parameterization. This makes it impossible to specify a single threshold LPI for various parameterizations as a criterion for the occurrence of lightning flashes. The topographic LPI maps underestimate the sizes of regions of likely thunderstorm-hazard events. Calculating the electric field under the assumption that ice and graupel are the main charge carriers is considered a new algorithm of lightning prediction. The model shows that the potential difference (between the ground and cloud layer at a given altitude) sufficient to generate a discharge is retained in a larger region than is predicted by the LPI. The main features of the spatial distribution of the electric field and potential agree with observed data.     

Fields of Lightning Discharges in Typhoons

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - We report the results of the use of the World Wide Lightning Location Network data to analyze the core structure of super typhoons that occurred in the...     

Evaluation of a high-speed serial link for marine data acquisition

Evaluation of the Gazelle Microcircuits, Inc., HOT ROD high-speed (400 Mbit/sec) gallium arsenide serial link indicates that the device has tremendous potential as a multiplexer/demultiplexer designed to telemeter data through fiber-optic media. The TTL compatibility of all data I-O lines, transparent link operation, and synchronous mode of operation create a near-ideal environment for interfacing the HOT ROD chipset into external systems. The 40 bit parallel bus architecture of the chipset allows for great flexibility in system-level design, including the capability of simultaneous transmission of parallel and serial data. The chipset appears to be capable of extremely low bit error rates.     

USB接口在海洋数据存储中的应用

设计了一种新型海洋要素数据存储系统。该系统以USB接口进行数据存储,实现了对U盘的读写,解决了海洋数据采集过程中,数据存储量大、存储设备不易与PC机接口的问题。     

计算机辅助配模设计

提出计算机辅助配模系统采用与常规计算机绘图系统相同的硬件配置，可使系统具备良好的图形功能和入机界面；系统流程分＂数据输入＂，＂数据转换＂，＂配模设计＂和＂图形绘制＂四个阶段．墙体以中线数据（Ｔ，Ｌ，Ａｎｇ）定义，在图形环境下以人机交互方式输入墙厚及中线数据；由建筑平面常具备的对称性设计了映射算法以减少输入工作；根据图形变换原理建立了设计参数的简化算法，利用内圈外圈墙体的闭环特性简化墙面属性判别．     

Experimental investigation on the dynamic response of a moored wave energy device under regular sea waves

This paper attempts to provide a better understanding of the hydrodynamic behaviour of a floating multi-resonant oscillating column wave energy device which combines the concept of a floating breakwater and a wave energy device. Experiments were conducted on a 1:20 scale model of the floating wave energy device moored by six mooring lines to study the dynamics of the device under regular waves for various scopes. The effect of non-dimensionalized wave frequency parameter on the motion response and mooring force are reported and discussed in detail in this paper.     

Study on Ship Automatic Berthing System with Mooring Lines

This study describes an automatic berthing system with mooring lines. It is designed to be berthed by using mooring device on the upper deck of a ship. It is to berth once maintaining parallel with the quay by controlling both forward and aft breast lines. Berthing method is used through length adjustment of mooring lines connected between ship and quay by controlling the angular velocity and the torque of hydraulic motor in mooring device. The study is conducted under three changing conditions of draft, such as even-keel, rise of the gravity center and trim to stern. Variables affecting berthing stability are determined based on the control performance of each condition. Bond graphs method is used to model the system. Controller is designed as PID control method of reference-model algorithm. The control program is composed of synchronous control system based on the equations derived with the numerical analysis. The tank test is conducted to verify the usefulness of the control program.     

对酒店计算机信息管理系统的分析与展望

计算机技术和网络技术是现代企业经营管理不可或缺的重要工具和手段.酒店业如何充分利用信息技术的优势,同时避免其负面影响,是摆在酒店经营管理者面前的一道难题.在详细分析国内外酒店业对计算机技术的利用现状和酒店计算机管理系统特点的基础上,对我国酒店业如何加快并合理利用计算机和网络技术,提出了自己的看法.     

Atmospheric electric effects during the explosion of Shiveluch volcano on November 16, 2014

The development of a volcanic plume from the Shiveluch volcano explosion on November 16, 2014, is analyzed using a complex of geophysical methods. The start of the explosion was detected by seismic data. The World Wild Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) allowed the localization of volcanic lightning discharges that occurred during the first stage of the eruption plume. Satellite IR monitoring data made the plume structure obvious. An electrostatic fluxmeter mounted 113 km apart from the volcano recorded the first disturbances of the atmospheric electrical potential gradient (PG) at a distance of 90 km from the eruption cloud front. Two distinct PG anomalies, of 50 and 32 min in length and of more than 100 V/m in amplitude, recorded in 2 h, indicate two separate eruption formations formed by this time. The propagation velocities of two parts of the plume close to the wind speeds at altitudes of temperature inversions (9–10 and 12 km), according to balloon sensing, point out to the plume layering and propagation at two altitudes.