8000 a以来东海内陆架化学风化过程及其对气候事件的响应

中国边缘海陆架泥质体是全新世高海平面以来形成的重要沉积单元,沉积速率高和连续性好的特征使其成为研究高分辨率气候和环境变化的理想载体。通过对东海内陆架泥质区中部的浅钻岩芯MZ02孔进行粒度、常量与微量元素、AMS~(14)C分析,获得粒度和常微量元素随时间变化的高分辨率演化序列。结果表明,全新世早期沉积物为较粗颗粒的粉砂为主,且粒度参数变化明显,指示了沿岸流、潮流、波浪综合作用下的前滨-近滨沉积环境;8 000 a以来陆架区沉积物以细颗粒黏土质粉砂为主,沉积环境稳定,以沿岸流控制的浅海沉积为主。沉积物化学蚀变指数(CIA),w_(CaO)/w_(K_2O),w_(CaO)/w_(MgO)和w_(Ba)/w_(Sr)比值反映8 000 a以来化学风化过程可分为4个时期,包括8000～6000 a B.P.的缓慢减弱期、6000～2200 a B.P.的频繁波动期、2200～1050 a B.P.的迅速减弱期及1050 a B.P.以来的逐渐增强期。地球化学指标同时指示的9次极值揭示东亚季风驱动的降温事件分别发生于7200 a B.P.,6000 a B.P.,4200 a B.P.,3600 a B.P.,2300 a B.P.,800～120 a B.P.时期。相应的降温证据亦存在于其他区域的不同介质中,揭示气候变化的区域性乃至全球性联系;频谱分析结果显示所选择地球化学指标存在79～200 a周期变化规律,指示太阳活动对中国东部区域沉积物化学风化及气候变化的控制作用。     

Studies on pathogen of explosive epidemic disease of shrimp Ⅱ.Purification of pathogen

ThisworkisfundedbyagrantfromtheNationalKeyTaskProjectsof8thand9thFive-yearplanprogram.INTRODUCTIONInthepastyears,studiesonthevirusesofpenaeidshrimpshavemadegreatprogressinvari-ouscountries.Rightnow,aboutl4virusesofpenaeidshrimpswerefound,i.e.BP(Baculoviruspenaei,Couch,1974),MBV(Penaeusmonndonbaculovirus,Lightneretal.,1983)orPBV(Penaeusplebejusbaculovirus,Lesteretal.,1987),BMN(Baculovirusmidgutglandnecrosisvirus,Sanaetal.,1981),PHRV(Penaeushybridrod-shapedvirus,Owensetal.,199l),…     

Purification, characterization and ELISA of metallothionein from red scorponifish, Sebastiscus marmoratus

INTRODUCTIONATislowKWCys-rich(aboutonethird)metal-bindingprotein,lackofaromaticaminoacidresidues.AThasbeenfoundinkidneysandliversofmanymammals,andalsoininvertebrates,microorganismsandplants.ThepresenceofanAT-likeproteinhasbeenfoundinanumberofaquaticorganisms,includingtheplaice(Overnelletal.,1977),rock-fish(Olafsonetal.,1974),goldfish(Marafant,1976),andcrabandshrimp(Olafsonetal.,1979).AThasbecomethesubjectofgreatInterestinrecentyearsduetotheirwideexistenceandmetalaffinity.Scientistsha…     

Improved sea-ice radiative processes in a global coupled climate model

1Introduction Seaiceplaysanimportantroleinmoderating heatandmoistureexchangesbetweentheatmosphere andtheoceanathighlatitudes.Seaicealsointeracts withthebroaderclimatesystembythepositiveice albedofeedback(Curryetal.,1995),whichamplifies projectedclimatewarmingatthehighlatitudes,andby theoceanicfeedbackinvolvingicegrowthandmelt, whichinfluencesglobalthermohalinecirculation(i.e., theNorthAtlanticDeepWaterandtheAntarcticBot- tomWater)(Walsh,1983;Barryetal.,1993). Recently,theimplementationofas…     

Non-sea-salt sulfate in the marine boundary layer and its possible impact on chloride depletion

1Introduction Sulfurisoneofthemostimportantelements whosebiogeochemicalcyclesarepivotaltotheatmo- sphericenvironmentandtotheclimaticchanges.The predominant,stablechemicalspeciesofsulfurinthe atmosphereissulfuricacidorsulfatewhichunderor- dinaryconditionsexistsmainlyinsmallaerosolparti- cles(Chinetal.,1996;Kerminenetal.,2000;Restadet al.,1998).Sulfuricacidorsulfate-dominatedaerosols areubiquitousintheloweratmosphere.Inthemarine boundarylayer(MBL),non-sea-saltsulfuricacidorsulfate(nss-SO42-)…     

Variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in 1993 and 1994

INTRODUCTIONTherearemanyworksabouttheKuroshioVTintheEastChinaSeaanditsseasonalvariabil*ThisprojectwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaundercontractNo.49776287.1.SecondinstituteofOceanography,StateOceanicAdministration,Hangzhou310012,Chinaity(Guan,1988;Nishizawaetal.,1982;SunandKaneko,1993;Yuanetal.,1990,1993,1994,1995).Thecomputationmethodusedtobethedynamicmethod(Guan,1988;Nishizawaetal.,1982;SunandKaneko,1993),butrecentlytheinverseandthemodifiedinversemetho…     

Abundance and biomass of heterotrophic microbes in the Kongsfjorden, Svalbard

1Introduction Heterotrophicmicrobesarenowconsideredtobe significantcomponentsofthestructureandfunctionof marinepelagicecosystems.Heterotrophicbacteriacon- stituteamajorpoolofbiomassinopenecosystem (WilhelmandSuttle,1999).Theyconsumealargepor- tionofprimaryproduction(Li,1998;Sherryetal., 2002;Lietal.,2004),andtheymineralizemostofthe dissolvedorganiccarbonthattheyconsume(Azamet al.,1983;Richetal.,1997;Azam,1998).Therolesof planktonicprotists,suchasheterotrophicflagellates andciliates,inmicro…     

Three new species of Genus Euphysora from China seas(Hydrozoa: Anthomedusae,Corymorphidae)

INTRODUCTIONEuphysorabelongstoChryTnorphidaeofAnthomedusaeofHydromedusae.fofarfourspeciesofEuphysorawererecordedinChina,i.e.,EuphysorabigelowiMaas1905(XuandZhang,1978),E.annulataKramp1928(~,1988),E.furcataKrarnp1948(~,1988)andE.gracilis(Brooks,1882)(JiangandChen,1994).ThroughstudyonEuphysorafromMinnan(SouthZhejiangProvince)--TaiwanBankfishinggroundandtheDatanBayofHongKongfrom1985,wehavefoundthreenewspeciesofEuphysora,i.e.,E.brunnesceatis,E.knidesandE.solidonema.Owingtothethre…     

Variational iteration solving method for El Nio phenomenon atmospheric physics of nonlinear model

1 IntroductionThe El Ni’o atmospheric physics oscillation is anabnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacificocean- atmosphere interactions. Studies on the El Ni(ophenomenon are very attractive (Lin et al., 2000; Linet al., 2001, 2002; Wang, 2001; Feng et al., 2001;Feng et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2002; Wei and Chen,2003; Xie et al., 2002; Zhu et al., 2002; Pu et al.,2003; Gu et al., 2004; Yu and Liu, 2004). Lin and Mo(2004), Mo and Lin (2004) and Mo et al. (2004) alsostudied a s…     

日粮水平对黑鲷幼鱼粪便失能的影响

食物的消化率是指被消化道吸收而进入体内的营养物或能量占摄入食物所含营养物或能量的百分比(Brett et al.,1979),在有关鱼类能量学的文献报道中,消化率、吸收率、同化率等常用来描述同一个概念。通过测定鱼体排出粪便的量可以对食物的消化率进行估计,但粪便除包含有未被消化吸收的食物外,还包含有消化液及肠道上皮等代谢物,这两部分物质难以分离。因此,在研究中,通常对这些少量的非粪便排出物不加区别,这样测得的结果称为表观消化率(Jobling,1983a),由于类便中的物质会流失于水中,从而给鱼类消化率的测定带来许多实际困难。目前测定鱼类消化率的方法很多,除虹吸法外,还有后肠取粪便法(Henken et al.,1985),Cr2O3指示物法(Henken et al.,1985),以及其它一些指示物法(Buddington,1980; Bowen,1981;Atkinson et al.,1984;De Silva et al.,1974), Braaten(1979);Cho等(1982)和Jobing等(1983a)对消化率的研究方法进行了综述和比较。由于鱼类对动物性饵料消化率一般较高,测定上的误差对能量收支的影响不是很大。许多生态因子对消化率产生影响,在实验室研究中,人们着重探讨了体重,水温、日粮水平及食物的性质等对消化率的影响(Solomon et al.,1972; Elliott,1976; Windell et al.,1978: Henken et al., 1985; Cui et al.,1988; Jobling,1993)。 1994年8月-11月,作者在对黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus B.)幼鱼进行能量学研究中,探讨了日粮水平对其粪便失能的影响,建立了不同水温、日粮水平及体重条件下黑鲷幼鱼粪便能的预测模型。通过研究,不仅阐明了黑鲷幼鱼的消化吸收效率随日粮水平等因子的变化规律,同时对黑鲷的养殖生产及其养殖环境的保护也具有指导意义。     

中国异枝软骨凹顶藻Chondrophycus intermedius (Yamada) Garbary et Harper的形态及解剖学

异枝凹顶藻Laurencia intermediaYamada广泛地分布于东亚西太平洋沿岸的中国、朝鲜半岛(Namet al.,1984)及日本(Yoshidaet al.,1998)。在东南亚的菲律宾(Silvaetal.,1987),太平洋的斐济岛(N Yeurtet al.,1996),东非、印度次大陆及印度洋的斯里兰卡、肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚及R啨union     

硅藻细胞壁亚显微结构研究──Ⅱ.针杆藻属、圆蕊藻属、斜斑藻属、槌棒藻属、脆杆藻属和拟十字藻属

本文用光镜(LM)、透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了在光镜下难以分辨的主要采自海南省西沙群岛的硅藻共6属13种,其中有4个新种,3个新记录种和1个新记录属(以*号为记),它们是:Synedracy clophoroides sp.nov.,* Cyclophera tenuis,Plagiogramma parva sp.nov.,Plagiogramma pandurata sp.nov.,P.atomus,P.reimeri,Opephora elliptica sp.nov.,O.martyi,O.olsenii,O. sp.*Fragilaria brevistriata var,elliptlca,*F.construens和Pseudostaurosira brevistriata.     

GDW-1型光电微粒分析仪测定沉积物中小于0.063毫米颗粒的粒径分布

沉积物的粒度分析是研究碎层沉积物搬运、沉积及沉积环境等的一种重要方法,它广泛应用于沉积学研究的各个领域。 测定沉积物中<0.063毫米(>4ψ)颗粒的粒径分布以往多用吸管法(移液管法),操作烦琐,准确度及精度都存在不少问题。H.E.Rose(1952),曾对颗粒的消光特性进行过     

Experimental and Numerical Study of Wave-Induced Long-Shore Currents on A Mild Slope Beach

1.Introduction Long shorecurrenthasbecomethesubjectofextensiveworldwideresearchformanyyears.The purposeofthestudyistounderstandandpredicttheprocessesofsedimenttransport,shorelineevolu tionandpollutanttransportinthenear shorezoneundertheactionofwaves.Goda(2001)regarded thesuspendedsedimentastheprincipalloadinsedimenttransportandtheeffectoflong shorecurrents wasemphasized.Theeffectofwavesonpollutanttransportwasstudiedbynumericalmodelandfield experiment(TaoandHan,2002;Rodriguezetal.,1995),andth…     

中全新世以来长江口北支环境的演变

从古环境演变的角度,对崇明岛北侧的永隆沙钻孔进行了系统的采样和粒度分析、微体古生物分析、环境磁学分析以及14C测年等。大致恢复长江口北支古地理环境演变的过程,中全新世以来,长江口北支由浅海沉积环境,逐渐演变为三角洲平原环境。但通过环境磁学和微体古生物分析,揭示了在2080~2000 aB.P.,700~625 aB.P.这两段历史时期,长江口北支表现为河口砂坝亚环境和河口河槽亚环境。这两次环境变异事件记录了长江主泓南北迁移的事实。     

非线性随机表面Kirchhoff散射模式

自从Longuet-Higgins(1963)根据非线性作用导出较正态分布为准确的波面高度分布以来,高阶矩在军事、高科技等很多方面得到了应用。Huang等(1980)曾检验了高阶非线性分布,他们发现当波高概率分布中包含直至四阶项时与观测结果相符,但如果考虑更高阶不但效果不好,反而更差。尽管非线性随机过程在海浪理论中获得了广泛的应用,但对海面雷达散射研究仅讨论到三阶矩的影响(Fung et al.,1991;Chen et al.,1992)。电磁随机表面散射理论有适应大尺度随机起伏的粗糙面的Kirchhoff散射模式、轻度粗糙表面的微扰散射模式、大小尺度独立叠加的双尺度散射模式、全波散射模式(Bahar,1987)和积分方程散射模式(Chen et al.,1992)等。对随机粗糙Kirchhoff表面电磁波散射问题,尽管几十年来许多科学家已经进行了大量研究(Fung et al.,1991; Ulaby et al.,1982;Wu et al.,1988),Eom等(1983)曾对Gaussian面和非 Gaussian面的散射特性进行了比较研究,Fung等(1991)将Kirchhoff散射模式推广应用到三阶粗糙随机表面,然而更高阶矩对散射截面的影响还未见报道。本文在Fung等(1991)的基础上将Kirchhoff散射模式推广应用到四阶项,并对模式的应用进行了分析和讨论。     

南黄海盆地下第三系沉积特征及沉积环境的探讨

南黄海盆地位于长江口以北,山东半岛以南的黄海大陆架上.水深一般在45米左右,面积约30万平方公里.依据海洋地质调查所得资料,南黄海盆地自北向南,划分为五个构造单元(图1),且在部分地区分别打了探井.本文根据钻井资料,从古生物、地化指标、岩性、粒度分析和电测井曲线等方面对南黄海盆地下第三系沉积特征及沉积环境进行初步探讨.     

距今千年时期黄河下游冷水沟古湖沉积物元素垂直特征及其环境意义

利用黄河下游平原古湖冷水沟310 cm柱状岩芯沉积物粒度和地球化学元素分析,结合剖面8个AMS-~(14)C测年结果所建立的时间标尺,初步恢复了冷水沟地区2364～1000cal.a B.P.的气候干湿变化历史和湖泊演变过程。研究表明,该时期冷水沟地区的环境演变大致分为4个阶段:2364～1630cal.a B.P.,冷水沟流域处于湿润期,湖泊水位较高,黄河对冷水沟的影响较弱,沉积速率偏低;1630～1100cal.a B.P.,气候转向干旱,湖泊水位降低,后期黄河扰动增强;1100～1050cal.a B.P.期间,为低湖面的沼泽沉积环境,气候整体干旱,湖泊水位较低;1050～1000cal.a B.P.期间,在湿润的气候背景下,冷水沟接受黄河洪水入注,湖泊扩张,水位升高。     

SEVERAL HOLOCENE NEW SPECIES OF CYCLOSTOMATA(BRYOZOA)FROM THE ZENGMU ANSHA WATERS,SOUTH CHINA SEA

This paper reports 2 new species and new subspecies of Holocene Cyclostomata (Bryozoa) item Zengmu Ansha of the southern waters of Nansha Is. Here, the Zengmu Ansha Waters comprises four shoals, namely Zengmu Ansha (3°58′30″N, 112°16′45″E), the reefs of No.86-13, No. 86-10'and the one at station No. 86-15(3°47′30″N, 111°58′E), extending from NEE to SWW, about 4.Skm in total length, ranging 21—44m in water depth. The new species and new subspecie, are namely, Entalophora proboscina minor subsp, nov., Idmonea grallator zengmuensis subsp.nov., Diapcroecia rnacroecia sp. nov., and D. sinensis sp. nov.