《北极航海地图集》的设计与编制

《北极航海地图集》是我国首部详细反映北极自然地理、通航条件和助航资源的大型综合性地图集,特殊的地理条件决定了其在编绘方式上与其他图集不同。针对图集编制中遇到的问题,从资料收集与处理、内容设计、专题要素表示方法、色彩与符号设计、版式设计、地图整饰、工艺流程等7个方面,介绍了图集的设计思想与编制技术,可为其他同类图集的编制提供参考。     

《世界海洋地缘环境图集》设计研究

将海洋地缘环境表达和地图集研制相结合,探讨了海洋地缘环境图集的设计相关问题。明确了海洋地缘环境图集的概念和设计原则。结合《世界海洋地缘环境图集》的研制工作,围绕图集元数据设计、图组构成及结构编排,介绍了图集的总体设计工作;通过建立地缘要素三级分级指标,构建了图集的专题内容体系;以典型地缘要素及其表达方法为例,介绍了图集的表达方法和实践,可为今后海洋地缘环境图集的设计编制提供借鉴和参考。     

浅论综合性地图集的总体设计——以<海军军官图集>为例

通过《海军军官图集》的编制，研究了地图集的基本设计思路，包括总体设计的基本内容与原则，提出了图集结构的模式，以及投影选择、比例尺设计和分幅的方法等。     

海洋军事图集内容的选题

内容选题是海洋军事图集乃至所有地图集编辑设计工作中一个非常重要的环节。本文结合《海军军官图集》的编制,提出了综合性海洋军事地图集选题的基本原则、方法和注意事项。     

基于人机交互方式的海图集一体化分幅

根据海图集制作中分幅设计需要处理的多种情况,提出了海图集一体化分幅方法,采用开放式模块化的方案流程,利用人机交互的方式,使计算数据与矢量数据相结合,结果可以在电脑屏幕上显示出来,使设计者的思想得以充分体现。同时利用批量数据联动处理的方式,提高了图幅设计的效率。     

《世界海洋通道及港口图集》出版

《世界海洋通道及港口图集》由海军海洋测绘研究所编制、海军司令部航海保证部于1996年6月正式出版。 21世纪是人类走向海洋、开发海洋的时代,海洋将成为人们赖以生存和发展的重要空间,出版这本图集顺应了时代发展的需要。该图集为世界海洋普通地理图集,军需民用。为部队各级指挥机关、从事海洋工作的各个部门了解和研究世界海区地理情况提供可靠的信息,也可作为广大读者了解海洋知识和海洋地理情况的参考书。图集内容由总图、海区图、海上通道     

前言

海洋测绘主要包括海道测量、海洋大地测量、海底地形测量、海洋专题测量以及航海图、海底地形图、各种海洋专题图和海洋图集等的编制。我国以往开展的海洋测绘主要是海道测量,施测范围有限,所编制的航海图主要是为海上作战、训练及交通运输等活动提供安全航行保证。近年米,随着我国海岸带及浅海调查工作的深入进行,随着海     

区域建设用海规划编制问题的思考

文章分析了当前区域建设用海规划报告编制中存在的问题,探讨了区域建设用海规划方案编制的重点内容,指出区域建设用海规划编制的重点应是规划的功能定位、围填海工程平面设计及总体布局（包括功能分区和用海平面布置）等问题,并结合当前区域建设用海规划审查和管理的要求,提出了提高区域建设用海规划编制水平的有关建议。     

建议开展《国家海洋地图集》的编制研究

研究了编制出版《国家海洋地图集》对了解海洋状况、合理开发海洋资源、保护海洋生态环境的重要性；初步提出了海洋图集的内容、表达方法和组织实施的意见。     

《长春市城市总体规划》图集的编辑制作

简要阐述了用MapGIS、CoreIDRAW两种软件结合制作《长春市城市总体规划》图集的设计、编制方法,采用图层模式有效管理地图集的数据．根据实践得出了一些经验和技巧。     

Simple expressions for correcting wind speed data for elevation

Using the logarithmic wind profile and typical values of dimensionless sea roughness for different sea states, simple power expressions are derived for the wind profile over water. The power expressions are useful for correcting measured wind speed data at a given elevation (up to an elevation of 60 m) to the standard elevation of 10 m commonly used in coastal engineering studies. The analysis shows that the 1/7 power expression (suggested in [U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1984. Shore Protection Manual, Vol. 1. Coastal Engineering Research Center, Vicksburg, USA.] and commonly used today) is a good approximation (<3% error) of the logarithmic profile for various sea states up to an elevation of 20 m. Above this elevation, the 1/7 power expression underestimates the wind speed for moderate to fully developed sea states.     

海岛立法 功在当代 利在千秋

<正>我国是海洋大国,海岛众多。海岛是壮大海洋经济、拓展发展空间的重要依托,是保护海洋环境、维护生态平衡的重要平台,是捍卫国家权益、保障国防安全的战略前沿。2009年12月26     

An improved technique for preparing eel otoliths for aging

The New Zealand Waters Pollution Regulations 1963, referring to recreational water to which the public can gain access, states that the “coliform bacteria content shall not consistently exceed 1,000/100 ml”. This standard is now under revision, and the suggested new standard is a median faecal coliform index of 200/100 ml with a maximum value not exceeding 400/100 ml.

Recent literature supports the use of faecal coliform sub‐group bacteria as the best indicator of faecal pollution and reference is made to the membership of this sub‐group. Inherent inaccuracies of the Most Probable Number (MPN) method of assessing bacterial populations are pointed out, such as experimental variations with different cultural media, and possible errors in interpretation of results. In North America, there is evidence that an MPN for the total coliform group of 1000/100 ml indicates a faecal coliform sub‐group MPN of 200/100 ml, and epidemiological experience supports these values as standards.

We tabulate and discuss evidence that the usual ratio of faecal coliforms : coliform group bacteria is typically 1 : 1 in fresh and marine waters of the Wellington region, and that a more attainable standard would be 500 faecal coliforms/100 ml. In ratios quoted in this paper, ‘coliform group’ means the remainder of the coliform group excluding faecal coliforms. The World Health Organisation (1963) definition, of the entire group of coliforms, is not intended. The ratio is different in other parts of New Zealand; in Auckland, for example, the ratio is close to that found in the United States.     

Ecosystem-based adaptation for improving coastal planning for sea-level rise: A systematic review for mangrove coasts

This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes peer-reviewed, English-language scientific publications (n=212) to identify relevant research about how Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EBA) is integrated with coastal planning. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology is applied in this study. Attention was given to studies concerning human-environment interactions as opposed to physical or biological climate change issues alone because the coastal planning and EBA approach addresses the management of human actions in nature. The literature references include the issue of climate change (77%); however, limited evidence of EBA in coastal areas are reported (18%), and it is evident that the issues have become relevant in the scientific literature published in recent years. Broad texts demonstrate that SLR is one of the major long-term impacts (68%), and all of these papers recognize the most affected ecosystems in the tropics would be mangroves. EBA is an emerging option that can offset anticipated ecosystem losses and improve coastal planning to cope with SLR because it provides benefits beyond climate change stressors. There is a need to synthesize a road map for incorporation of mangrove regulations into local planning instruments and for building capacity for their implementation. Application of PRISMA in marine science will enhance future reviews, facilitate the systematic search and adequately document any theme, and also be useful in determining research gaps or information needs.     

A review of sustainable sea-transport for Oceania: Providing context for renewable energy shipping for the Pacific

This paper summarises research and options for sustainable sea transport in Oceania with a focus on domestic shipping. This debate is situated initially within the context of the current Pacific domestic shipping scenario, a region of minute economies connected by some of the longest sea transport routes in the world. All current options are fossil fuel powered and increasingly uneconomic and unsustainable. Many routes are marginal or unviable and a vicious cycle of old ships replaced with old ships prevails. Although a central and essential issue of many Pacific communities, the option of pursuing sustainable sea transport is currently invisible within the policy space at all levels. Various renewable energy options are possible and increasingly available. Recent research finds that these have strong potential for providing benefits across multiple wellbeings. The barriers to pursing this agenda are complex and poorly understood but are perceptual and institutional more than technological. A small number of critical experiments during the last oil crisis provide critical lessons and direction.     

海洋渔业资源恢复法律制度的生态学基础

采用交叉学科分析的方法尝试对生态学与法学进行分析,探讨海洋渔业资源恢复法律制度的生态学基础.认为,在海洋渔业资源恢复法律制度设计中遵循生态规律、选择过程导向的恢复模式能提高制度的科学性,有利于制度的操作和实施.进一步分析了许可证管理对海洋渔业资源的公平分配,技术法律规范对渔业资源恢复过程进行的生态控制,争端解决机制对海...     

渔港避风锚地面积计算的随机模拟

计算避风锚地的面积是渔港规划设计的重要内容之一.<渔港总体设计规范>(SC/T 9010-2000)推荐采用确定性方法计算避风锚地面积.由于没有规定输入参数代表值的确定方法,实际应用时参数取值带有很大的随意性和经验性,从而导致计算结果的不确定性.引入Monte Carle方法建立了渔港避风锚地面积计算的随机模拟模型,采用不同的概率分布刻划各相关参数,从而获得避风锚地面积的概率分布.实例计算表明,无论采用何种概率分布假定,得到的避风锚地面积均近似地服从正态分布,且不同概率分布假定对95%保证率的避风锚地面积值影响不大;当船长、船宽均取各分组船型的最大值,水深取相应区域水深的平均值,每组渔船之间安全距离及每组渔船数量取规范给定的平均值时,规范方法计算的避风锚地面积保证率在95%左右,从而为规范方法输入参数的确定提供了依据.     

An appeal for a code of conduct for marine conservation

Marine conservation actions are promoted to conserve natural values and support human wellbeing. Yet the quality of governance processes and the social consequences of some marine conservation initiatives have been the subject of critique and even human rights complaints. These types of governance and social issues may jeopardize the legitimacy of, support for and long-term effectiveness of marine conservation. Thus, we argue that a clearly articulated and comprehensive set of social standards - a code of conduct - is needed to guide marine conservation. In this paper, we draw on the results of an expert meeting and scoping review to present key principles that might be taken into account in a code of conduct, to propose a draft set of foundational elements for inclusion in a code of conduct, to discuss the benefits and challenges of such a document, and to propose next steps to develop and facilitate the uptake of a broadly applicable code of conduct within the marine conservation community. The objectives of developing such a code of conduct are to promote fair conservation governance and decision-making, socially just conservation actions and outcomes, and accountable conservation practitioners and organizations. The uptake and implementation of a code of conduct would enable marine conservation to be both socially acceptable and ecologically effective, thereby contributing to a truly sustainable ocean.