桶基平台负压沉贯施工机具的研究与应用

桶形基础采用负压沉贯方法施工,初始入泥和倾斜控制成为制约桶形基础平台应用于浅水区的重要环节。通过分析沉贯、倾斜调整机理,设计了１种负压沉贯施工机具,并成功应用于ＣＢ２０Ｂ桶形基础平台的海上安装,对浅水区桶形基础平台施工机具研究开发具有指导意义。     

海上平台桶基沉贯渗流场的有限元法数值模拟

桶形基础平台是一种新型的海洋平台,这种型式的平台与传统的导管架式平台的主要区别在于采用桶形基础代替打下桩基础,桶形基础的负压沉贯过程是一个复杂的水动力过程,其关键在于主动脉施加的桶内外压力差产生渗流场,渗流场的形成与发展对于负压沉贯有决定性的影响。本文用有限元分析方法对桶形基础负压沉贯流流场进行动态模拟,建立了桶形基础负压沉贯过程中渗流场的有限元分析模型,模型试验的结果与按有限元分析计算模型得一的     

海上平台桶形基础模型负压沉贯试验数据处理与分析

海上平台桶形基础是一种新型海洋石油开发技术,其特点是利用负压将桶形基础贯入海底。本文介绍了单模型和四桶模型平台负压沉贯试验数据处理方法,对负压作用下桶形基础的沉贯过程进行了分析,探索出桶形基础平台机理现场条件下的沉贯方法。     

桶形基础平台负压沉贯数据分析处理系统

介绍了桶形基础平台负压沉贯数据分析处理系统的组成及数据分析处理方法。该数据分析处理系统是为保证海上桶形基础平台现场施工能顺利沉贯到位而研制,可对海上平台现场施工过程进行实时监测,对沉贯数据进行快速分析、处理,并根据桶形基础平台状态对负压沉贯过程进行智能控制。     

桶形基础负压沉贯海上试验研究与应用

海上现场试验对于桶形基础平台的沉贯安装十分重要。论述了桶形基础平台原型单桶模型在海上现场负压沉贯的方案、方法和过程,得出了试验结论,并将试验成果成功应用于ＣＢ２０Ｂ采油工艺平台的海上沉贯安装,对浅水区桶形基础平台的现场施工具有指导意义。     

海上桶基平台桶形基础渗流场的模型试验研究

海上桶形基础平台是一种新型平台，为研究其负压沉贯机理，了解沉贯过程中渗流场的基本特点，我们在室内进行了桶形基础渗流场模型试验。得到了渗流场的变化规律，验证了理论分析的结果，并得到一些有益的结论。     

海上桶形基础平台负压沉贯渗流场有限元分析

讨论了浅海桶形基础平台负压沉贯渗流场有限元分析方法。通过模型实验结果与有限元分析结果的对比,验证有限元法的可靠性。将有限元法用于桶形基础平台负压沉贯渗流场的计算,得到沉贯过程中许用负压随插深的变化,用于指导平台就位施工时的负压控制。不同插深时,相应许用负压下的桶内、外壁渗流水头和水头梯度分布的计算结果,用于沉贯阻力的计算。     

桶形基础平台安装就位智能化测控装置

近年来,国内外海上平台开始采用桶形基础（几米浅基础）代替一直沿用的桩基础（几十米深基础）,其安装就位采用与打桩施工完全不同的负压沉贯的施工方法。介绍了一种用于桶形基础平台在负压沉贯施工中的智能化测控装置。该装置成功地用于我国首座桶形基础平台（胜利油田ＣＢ２０Ｂ平台）的安装就位施工,取得了预期的效果。为我国今后桶形基础平台负压沉贯施工中的智能化测控提供有益的借鉴。     

桶基平台负压沉贯施工机具的研究与应用

桶形基础采用负压沉贯方法施工, 初始入泥和倾斜控制成为制约桶形基础平台应用于浅水区的重要环节.通过分析沉贯、倾斜调整机理,设计了1种负压沉贯施工机具,并成功应用于CB20B桶形基础平台的海上安装,对浅水区桶形基础平台施工机具研究开发具有指导意义.     

桶形基础采油平台负压沉贯特性分析

进行了桶形基础负压沉贯的室内试验、中间试验和现场沉贯。对负压沉贯的机理进行了初步分析,结合ＣＢ２０Ｂ桶形基础计量平台的现场测试数据,研究了负压对桶形基础沉贯阻力的影响及土壤特性的影响,同时对负压、沉南深度、沉贯速度之间的关系进行了总结。在此基础上,提出了改进的计算沉贯阻力的经验公式。     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces

The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》Vol. 33(2014) contents

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INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,