新时期海岸带空间资源保护利用形势下的用海人口内涵研究

在供给侧改革的背景下，以资源开发为导向的传统涉海类空间规划，积极寻求向以资源环境为约束的海岸带国土空间规划发展转型。基于此，海岸带国土空间规划应当从以经济发展为导向，进行产业分类、资源开发的增量时代，转向生态化、可持续化、精细化发展的基于人本视角的存量发展时代。因此，针对原有各类涉海规划鲜有提及的用海人口概念，借鉴陆域国土空间规划人口体系，从人口概念、分类、测算方法、划分原则方面，系统梳理了人口规模与国土空间用途、规模与部门管理的关系，为国土空间规划的编制提供新的参考指标，实现海岸带空间的供需关系合理发展。     

国土空间规划下海岸带的功能定位及空间响应——以上海海岸带为例

海岸带规划作为国土空间规划体系中的唯一涉海规划,不仅要对海岸带地区进行陆海统筹综合管控,而且要对海岸带地区的发展进行战略功能引导,以适应海洋强国建设的蓝色发展要求。文章分析新一轮国土空间规划对海岸带规划的新要求,提出海岸带规划进行功能定位和空间响应的规划策略和方法;结合上海海岸带发展实际,从多维战略对接、区域功能耦合、未来发展趋势应对3个方面谋划海岸带功能定位,提出海岸带“三心二市”的功能内涵;在此基础上提出海岸带空间响应策略,主要包括对接国土空间分层逻辑、海洋功能区划和岸线区段功能耦合、开放式分圈层分区划分、落实核心功能诉求。     

基于GIS的海域海岸带空间管制分区研究——以三亚市为例

随着陆地发展空间开发日益饱和及海洋经济快速发展,对海域海岸带空间资源开发利用的范围和规模迅速扩大,可持续开发利用海域海岸带空间资源已经成为多数沿海城市区域面临的重大问题。空间管制是近年来规划界关注的热点理论,是一种调节社会、经济、环境可持续发展的重要方式。文章基于三亚市海域海岸带空间保护与利用的现状和阶段特点,采用生态安全格局理论、土地适宜性评价方法构建包括地形地貌、城镇与交通、自然生态、海域海岸带开发利用、未明确用途海域海岸带等5大类因素,23个具体评价指标的评价指标体系模型,计算海域海岸带保护与利用适宜性的综合得分;然后结合Arcgis软件,采用空间分析模块对三亚市海域海岸带进行空间管制分区,分析结果划分为4类区域,即严格管控开发区、限制开发区、重点开发区和优化开发区;最后根据分区结果提出三亚市海域海岸带不同空间管制区域的管控要求与引导建议。     

海岸分类的回顾与展望

海岸带是陆地与海洋相交的区域，受到多种自然和人为因素的影响，进行合理的海岸分类对于科学认识、合理开发、有效管理和保护海岸带资源至关重要。本文回顾海岸带分类的研究历程，探讨不同分类方案的划分依据，并强调海岸带的多维性和复杂性。从早期的地理地貌特征划分到现代的综合性海岸分类体系，海岸带分类方案不断演变，并受到各个时代的资料积累、知识体系、观测技术及制图展示效果等方面的深刻影响。不同国家和地区的学者在分类方案上存在一定的差异，体现了各地的地理地质背景、研究重点、开发利用方式等方面的特点，也隐含着研究人员的观察视角。主要源于陆地的物质属性和主要源于海洋的能量条件，越来越成为海岸分类的重要指标。人类活动对海岸带的影响不容忽视，人工海岸的比例已经迅速上升，但在海岸带分类体系中的研究仍有所欠缺，原因包括世界观、方法论和价值观等多个层面。建议从海岸动力作用环境和沉积物供应条件两方面考虑人类活动如何影响海岸带系统状态，而海岸带类别体系里可以增加人工建造和人工改造两个新的大类。通过深化分类方法和细化分类层次，同时向综合与细化两个方向推动海岸分类体系研究，可以更好地实现海岸带资源的保护与可持续利用，促进人与...     

日照市海岸带保护与利用初探

在生态文明建设背景下,如何构建人-海和谐的海岸带空间发展格局,是海岸带开发利用过程中亟须探索的问题。文章通过SWOT分析方法对日照市海岸带的优势与劣势、机遇与威胁进行了详细分析,并据此提出了差别化管制的海岸线分类、海岸带功能分区利用和陆海统筹的空间管控策略,同时强调了海岸带综合管理体系建设的重要意义,为协调日照海岸带资源开发利用与生态建设的关系,合理布局海洋产业带来思考。     

海岸带综合管理和陆海统筹的概念内涵研究进展

随着海洋与海岸带开发利用活动的复杂化和深入化，海岸带地区的资源环境问题逐渐显露出来，经济效益降低，传统单一的海岸带管理模式无法满足海洋开发的需求。国外由此提出了海岸带综合管理的概念，我国与之对应的是陆海统筹发展战略。文章对海岸带综合管理与陆海统筹的发展历程进行梳理，分析其概念内涵及发展变化，并从战略目标、空间范围、功能范围和实施手段4个方面比较了二者内涵的异同。最后，指出海岸带综合管理与陆海统筹后续研究应加强海岸带综合管理典型案例研究，推动海岸带综合管理走向海岸带综合治理，探讨人、陆、海三者耦合的机理和过程，加强陆海统筹的发展路径研究。     

惠州市海岸带优化开发的思路和对策

海岸带以优越的自然环境条件和丰富的海陆资源支撑着沿海地区经济社会发展。全面优化海岸带开发保护空间格局,对提高惠州市海洋经济综合竞争力、促进区域协调发展具有重大意义。本文从研究惠州市海岸带发展存在的海岸带管理部门协调不够、部分近岸海域开发秩序混乱、海岸带生态环境退化等问题出发,提出了海岸带优化开发的主要思路,并从进一步发挥规划引导作用、加快产业调整和自主创新、注重统筹形成合力、坚持生态优先等方面提出具体对策。     

海洋功能区划与主体功能区划的关系探讨

<中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议>和<中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要>都明确提出,各地区要根据资源环境承载能力、现有开发密度和发展潜力,统筹考虑未来我国人口分布、经济布局、国土利用和城镇化格局,将国土空间划分为优化开发、重点开发、限制开发和禁止开发四类主体功能区,按照主体功能定位调整完善区域政策和绩效评价,规范空间开发秩序,形成合理的空间开发结构.     

浅析城市规划和海洋空间规划对海岸带规划编制的借鉴

海岸带是资源丰富的陆海过渡地带,也是海陆之间相互作用的地带,对海岸带地区科学合理的规划,是实现海陆统筹、一体化协调发展的关键环节。当前国内海岸带地区规划和管理分属于国土、城市规划、海洋等多个部门,各部门分别对海陆进行系统性的规划和管理,尚缺少有效的衔接。从分析海岸带范围的界定出发,确定海岸带地区涉及的海、陆范围及其管理主体,对滨海城市规划和海洋规划中有关海岸带区域的规划思路、原则及规划方法等进行梳理分析,总结目前海岸带管理及规划编制存在的问题,提出对海岸带专项规划编制有针对性的对策和建议。     

全国海岛海岸带开发管理学术讨论会在南宁举行

1995年4月25～29日于广西壮族自治区南宁市召开了《全国海岛海岸带开发管理学术讨论会》。会议由广西海洋开发保护管理委员会办公室、中国海洋学会海岸带开发管理分会和广西海洋学会联合组织的，与会95人。采取大会发言、小组交流讨论与实地参观考察相结合的方式进行。会议生动活泼，成效显著。会上进行交流的论文有34篇，内容包括：海岛海岸带开发与管理，资源与环境保护，海洋自然灾害的防御措施，海洋自然保护区的建设与管理等有关海洋新领域新技术。在海岛海岸带开发与管理方面，有的文章提出加强4个转变和2个认识，即由单一的陆地开发…     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.