中国黄渤海春秋季今生颗石藻

The living coccolithophores(LCs) are an important class of calcified taxa of phytoplankton functional groups,and major producers of marine biogenic inorganic carbon,playing an important role in the marine carbon cycle.In this study,we report the two-demensional abundance,composition of LCs and its correlation with the environmental parameters in spring and autumn,in order to understand the ecological role of LCs in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.In spring,totally 9 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the 1 000× magnification.The dominant species were Emiliania huxleyi,Gephyrocapsa oceanica,Helicosphaera carteri,and Calcidiscus leptoporus.The abundance of coccosphores and coccoliths ranged 0–7.72cells/m L,and 0–216.09 coccoliths/m L,with the average values of 0.21 cells/m L,and 11.36 coccoliths/m L,respectively.The Emiliania huxleyi distribution was similar to Gephyrocapsa oceanica.The highest abundance of coccoliths was observed in the east of Shandong Peninsula in northern Yellow Sea,whereas Helicosphaera carteri distributed more widely.Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica were the two predominant species in LCs with higher abundances.The distribution of LCs was similar to that of coccoliths.In autumn,14 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified with dominant species as Emiliania huxleyi,Gephyrocapsa oceanica,Helicosphaera carteri,Calcidiscus leptoporus and Oolithotus fragilis.The abundance of coccosphores and coccoliths ranged 0–24.69 cells/m L,and 0–507.15 coccoliths/m L,with the average values of 1.47 cells/m L,and55.89 coccoliths/m L,respectively.The highest abundance of coccoliths was located in Qingdao coastal waters and south of the survey area.The distribution of LCs was similar to the coccoliths; in addition,LCs presented large abundance in the east of the central Yellow Sea area.     

Autumn living coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

An investigation was carried out on living coccolithophores(LCs) distribution in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea from October 17 to November 24, 2011. A total of 223 samples from different depths were collected at 48 stations. Totally 18 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the 1 000× magnification. The maximum species abundance was found at the outside of Transect P. The dominated species were Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Emiliania huxleyi, Helicosphaera carteri, and Algirosphaera robusta. The abundance of coccoliths and cells ranged 0–2 965.73 coccoliths/mL, and 0–119.16 cells/mL, with the average values of 471.00 coccoliths/mL and 23.42 cells/mL, respectively. The LCs in surface layer were mainly observed on the coastal belt and middle part of the survey area. The comparison among Transects A, F, P and E indicated lower species diversity and less abundance in the Yellow Sea than those of the East China Sea. The highest abundance of LCs was found in transect F and P. The coccolith abundance increased slightly from surface to bottom in the water column, but the highest value of the cell abundance was observed in the depth of 10–30 m. Temperature, depth and nutrient concentration were suggested as the major environmental factors controlling the distribution and species composition of LCs in the studying area based on canonical correspondence analysis(CCA).     

Spatial and temporal variability in coccolithophore abundance and production of PIC and POC in the NE subarctic Pacific during El Niño (1998), La Niña (1999) and 2000

Seasonal variations in coccolithophore abundance, chlorophyll, nutrients and production of particulate organic and inorganic carbon (POC and PIC) were determined along a coastal to oceanic east-west transect (Line P) culminating at Ocean Station Papa in the northeastern subarctic Pacific between 1998 and 2000. Offshore stations generally exhibited low seasonality in chlorophyll concentrations, with moderate seasonality in POC production. Near shelf stations showed a similar pattern to offshore stations, but were also characterized by sporadic events of higher POC productivity. During the 1998 El Niño, June was characterized by low chlorophyll and POC productivity along the transect, presumably as a result of depleted surface nitrate. In contrast, during the 1999 La Niña, and in 2000, higher POC productivity and surface nitrate occurred along the transect in June. Chlorophyll and POC productivity were similar in late summer in all 3 years. The coccolithophore population was usually numerically dominated by Emiliania huxleyi, particularly in June. Along the transect, abundance of coccolithophores was much higher in June during the 1998 El Niño (mean of 221 cells ml⁻¹) than in the 1999 La Niña (mean of 40 cells ml⁻¹), with their abundance in late summers of both years being very low. Abundances were even higher along the transect in June and the late summer of 2000 with sporadic ‘blooms’ of >1000 cells ml⁻¹ at some stations (cruise averages 395 and 552 cell ml⁻¹, respectively). Production rates of PIC did not consistently correlate with areas of high coccolithophore abundance. PIC production was high (100-250 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹) along the transect during June 1998, and low (1-40 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹) during both winters, June 1999 and during late summers of 1998 and 1999. The year 2000 was more complicated, with high rates of PIC production accompanying high abundance of coccolithophores in late summer, but lower rates of PIC production accompanying high coccolithophore numbers in June. Our data suggest that the abundance of coccolithophores and the production rates of PIC in the subarctic are higher than previously thought. Occasional PIC:POC production ratios of 1 or greater in 1998 and 2000 suggest that coccolithophores in this region could have a significant impact on the efficiency of the biological carbon pump.     

热带、亚热带太平洋和南印度洋束毛藻的大尺度分布研究

利用2008年大洋环球航次,研究了热带、亚热带太平洋和南印度洋中束毛藻丰度的大尺度分布特征,结果表明:在亚热带西北太平洋和热带东南亚海域束毛藻藻丝平均丰度较高,分别为25.2×103和33.3×103m-3,在热带中太平洋、热带东太平洋和南印度洋束毛藻平均丰度较低,分别为1.76×103,0.87×103和1.52×103m-3。各海区束毛藻丰度与水温无明显相关关系。总叶绿素a的分布特征与束毛藻不同,在太平洋呈西低、东高,在热带东南亚海域较高而在南印度洋较低,从总叶绿素a的粒级结构看,微微型浮游植物(0.2~2μm)所占比重最高,其次是微型浮游植物(2~20μm),小型浮游植物(20μm)所占比重最低。各海区束毛藻对总叶绿素a贡献的比例不同,在亚热带西北太平洋和热带东南亚海域较高,分别占总叶绿素a的7.79%和3.92%,在热带中太平洋、热带东太平洋和南印度洋占总叶绿素a的比例较低,均低于1%。在亚热带西北太平洋束毛藻固氮占真光层总新氮输入量的比例较高,这是该海域新氮的重要来源之一,而在热带中太平洋和热带东太平洋束毛藻固氮对真光层新氮的贡献比例则很低。     

琼东海域今生颗石藻群落研究

通过2012年7、8月在南海北部陆架琼东上升流区域的水文、化学和生物的现场综合采样调查,对采集过滤的今生颗石藻膜样在偏振光显微镜下鉴种并统计细胞丰度,分析了夏季该海域的颗石藻群落结构特征及分布规律。结果表明,夏季琼东上升流区共检出今生颗石藻34种,优势物种有赫氏艾密里藻(Emiliania huxleyi)、大洋桥石藻(Gephyrocapsa oceanica)、纤细伞球藻(Umbellosphaera tenuis)、卡特螺旋球藻(Helicosphaera carteri)、地中海花冠球藻(Coronosphaera mediterranea)等,颗石粒细胞丰度介于0~2 040.23×103粒/L,平均值8.10×103粒/L,颗石球丰度介于0~68.90×103cells/L,平均值5.01×103 cells/L。大多数颗石藻集中分布在上升流信号强的水体中。琼东中部水域的生物多样性指数H′较雷州半岛以东水域高,颗石粒群落的均匀度指数J分布与H′呈镶嵌模式。聚类Cluster和多维定标MDS结果,将颗石粒和颗石球群落各分成4个和5个组群,经相似性分析(ANOSIM)检验证明此种划分是显著的。将生物与海区环境因子进行冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)结果表明,N/P、PO3-4、NO-2和SiO2-3是影响本次调查的今生颗石藻生物群落的主控因子。     

2017年春夏季西北太平洋浮游植物的区域差异及其与不同水团的关系

The West Pacific Ocean is considered as the provenance center of global marine life and has the highest species diversity of numerous marine taxa. The phytoplankton, as the primary producer at the base of the food chain,effects on climate change, fish resources as well as the entire ecosystem. However, there are few large-scale surveys covering several currents with different hydrographic characteristics. This study aimed to explore the relationships between the spatio-temporal variation in phytoplankton community structure and different water masses. A total of 630 water samples and 90 net samples of phytoplankton were collected at 45 stations in the Northwest Pacific Ocean(21.0°–42.0°N, 118.0°–156.0°E) during spring and summer 2017. A total of 281 phytoplankton taxa(5 μm) belonging to 61 genera were identified in the study area. The distribution pattern of the phytoplankton community differed significantly both spatially and temporally. The average abundances of phytoplankton in spring and summer were 797.07×10~2 cells/L and 84.94×10~2 cells/L, respectively. Whether in spring or summer, the maximum abundance always appeared in the northern transition region affected by the Oyashio Current, where nutrients were abundant and diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community;whereas the phytoplankton abundance was very low in the oligotrophic Kuroshio region, and the proportion of dinoflagellates in total abundance increased significantly. The horizontal distribution of phytoplankton abundance increased from low to high latitudes, which was consistent with the trend of nutrient distributions, but contrary to that of water temperature and salinity. In the northern area affected by the Oyashio Current, the phytoplankton abundance was mainly concentrated in the upper 30 m of water column, while the maximum abundance often occurred at depths of 50–75 m in the south-central area affected by the Kuroshio Current.Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that phytoplankton abundance was significant negatively correlated with temperature and salinity, but positively correlated with nutrient concentration. The phytoplankton community structure was mainly determined by nutrient availability, especially the N:P ratio.     

末次冰消期以来苏拉威西海颗石藻化石记录与古海洋变化

通过对苏拉威西海MD98-2178柱状样(3.62°N、118.70°E)颗石藻化石属种相对含量的统计,重建了2万年来海水古生产力、营养跃层的变化。其中Emiliania huxleyi、Gephyrocapsa oceanica、Florisphaera profunda占颗石藻群落的80%～90%。由于G.oceanica与F.profunda存在于两种完全不同的生态环境中,两者的变化趋势完全相反。前者代表高生产力以及高营养物质的海水,后者则代表低生产力与较深的营养跃层。推测冰消期颗石藻对环境变化具有两种响应模式:以约13.5ka的生产力峰值期为界,13.5ka之前颗石藻古生产力变化主要响应于径流对海洋营养物质的输入,而13.5ka之后则主要响应于海水-大气之间水循环的强度。全新世F.produnda含量及其所反映的营养跃层变化具有明显的百年尺度波动,与太阳活动的100～260a周期具有良好的相关性。推测全新世苏拉威西海区营养跃层变化受百年尺度的类似厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Nino-Southern Osillation,ENSO)的变化及太阳活动的驱动。     

Benthic community responses to pulses in pelagic food supply: North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Time-series measurements of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) fluxes, sediment community composition, and sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC) were made at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series station (Sta. ALOHA, 4730 m depth) between December 1997 and January 1999. POC and PN fluxes, estimated from sediment trap collections made at 4000 m depth (730 m above bottom), peaked in late August and early September 1998. SCOC was measured in situ using a free vehicle grab respirometer that also recovered sediments for chemical and biological analyses on six cruises during the 1-year study. Surface sediment organic carbon, total nitrogen and phaeopigments significantly increased in September, corresponding to the pulses in particulate matter fluxes. Bacterial abundance in the surface sediment was highest in September with a subsurface high in November. Sediment macrofauna were numerically dominated by agglutinating Foraminifera fragments with highest density in September. Metazoan abundance, dominated by nematodes was also highest in September. SCOC significantly increased from a low in February to a high in September. POC and PN fluxes at 730 m above bottom were significantly correlated with SCOC with a lag time of ⩽14 days, linking pelagic food supply with benthic processes in the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre. The annual supply of POC into the abyss compared to the estimated annual demand by the sediment community (POC:SCOC) indicates that only 65% of the food demand is met by the supply of organic carbon.     

大洋表层沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落的组成及分布特征

海洋沉积物中的甲烷代谢微生物是甲烷循环的关键参与者,其代谢过程对大气甲烷浓度及全球气候变化具有显著影响,研究其在全球大洋沉积物中的组成及分布特征是探究微生物介导甲烷循环的基础。采用焦磷酸454高通量测序测定甲烷代谢保守功能基因mcrA(Methyl coenzyme–M reductase A)分析全球大洋沉积物中甲烷代谢微生物群落的组成和多样性;结合荧光实时定量PCR技术检测了古菌和甲烷代谢古菌的丰度分布特征。与其他海洋生境对比,大洋沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落结构单一,大西洋和印度洋的α多样性指数显著高于太平洋(p<0.05)。在大洋沉积物样品中鉴定到3个目的甲烷代谢古菌,即甲烷杆菌目(Methanobacteriales)、甲烷八叠球菌目(Methanosarcinales)和甲烷微菌目(Methanomicrobiales),其中甲烷微菌目占绝对优势,并主要由一簇未知类群(暂名Oceanic Sediments Dominant group,OSD group)组成。大洋沉积物的古菌16S rRNA基因丰度(湿重,下同)平均为8.81×10⁶ copie...     

冲绳海槽北部表层沉积物中的钙质超微化石及其环境特征

为探讨冲绳海槽表层沉积物中钙质超微化石的分布规律及其影响因素 ,对海槽北部槽坡区 ( 2 9°5 8.33′— 31°31 .2 3′N ,1 2 7°39.5 5′— 1 2 8°5 9.61′E) 34个表层样品进行了分析和研究。共发现 35种钙质超微化石 ,其中优势种为Gephyrocapsaoceanica、Emilianiahuxleyi和Florisphaeraprofun da ;G .oceanica、E .huxleyi等的百分含量变化和特征属种U .tenuis的出现 ,表明该区钙质超微化石组合面貌与东海外陆架相似 ,和东海及南海都属于北太平洋中央水团组合。G .oceanica的含量与海水营养盐存在一定的关系 ,但两者之间并不存在明显的正相关性 ;暖水分子U .irregularis、U .sibogae和O .fragilis的较高含量和冷水分子G .caribbeanica和Calcidiscusleptoporus的较低含量 ,进一步反映该区钙质超微化石的分布受到黑潮及对马暖流的影响 ,其中温度、盐度和表层海水结构性质 ,如海水透明度等因素可能为主要控制因素。     

Relationship between Composition of Settling Particles and Organic Carbon Flux in the Western North Pacific and the Japan Sea

Settling particles play an important role in transporting organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean. It is known that major components of settling particles are biogenic silicates (opal), biogenic carbonate (CaCO₃), lithogenic clays and organic matter. Since each component aggregates and/or takes in organic carbon, all of these components have the ability to transport particulate organic carbon (POC) to the interior of the ocean. In this study, sediment trap experiments were carried out in four areas of the western North Pacific (including a marginal sea). Factors are proposed that correlate the composition of settling particles with POC flux. Annual mean organic carbon fluxes at 1 km depth in the western North Pacific Basin, Japan Sea, Hidaka Basin and northern Japan Trench were found to be 14.9, 18.1, 13.0 and 6.6 mg/m²/day, respectively. Organic carbon flux in the western North Pacific was greater than that in the Eastern North Pacific (7.4), the Equatorial Pacific (4.2), the Southern Ocean (5.8) and the Eastern North Atlantic (1.8). In the western North Pacific, it was calculated that 52% of POC was carried by opal particles. Opal is known to be a major component even in the Eastern North Pacific and the Southern Ocean, and the opal fluxes in these areas are similar to those in the western North Pacific. However, the organic carbon flux that was carried by opal particles (OC_opalflux) in the western North Pacific was greater than that in the Eastern North Pacific and the Southern Ocean. These results indicate that the ability of opal particles to transport POC to the deep ocean in the western North Pacific is greater than that in the other areas.     

Seasonal changes in coccolithophore densities in the Southern California Bight during 1991–1992

Seasonal changes in coccolithophore cell densities in the San Pedro Basin, Southern California Bight, were investigated for the period October 1991 to September 1992. Coccolitho phore cell densities ranged from 6.3 × 10⁴ coccospheres per liter in March 1992 to 0 cells per liter in November 1991. High coccolithophore concentrations occurred in late winter and spring, and low densities occurred in the summer and fall. The high coccolithophore densities during spring 1992 were associated with unusually low surface nutrient concentrations and a lack of upwelling, suggesting that the high densities were not part of a typical spring phytoplankton bloom in this region. We propose that the suppression of upwelling during spring 1992 may have been related to the prevailing ENSO conditions. Emiliania huxleyi type A dominated the total coccolithophore population throughout the year, Umbilicosphaera sibogae var. sibogae being the second most important contributor to the coccolithophore assemblages.     

南海北部微型异养鞭毛虫的时空分布

于2009年7月20日至8月16日(夏季),2010年1月6日至30日(冬季),2010年10月26日至11月24日(秋季)和2011年4月30日至2011年5月24日(春季)在南海北部调查了微型异养鞭毛虫的生态分布特点。结果表明:春、夏、秋、冬的微型异养鞭毛虫丰度分别为0.05×103~1.93×103,0.03×103~2.65×103,0.09×103~2.05×103和0.04×103~1.84×103 cells/mL,生物量(以碳计)分别为0.56~19.50,0.04~24.11,0.96~14.80和0.29~22.26 μg/L。4个季节的微型异养鞭毛虫丰度均以2~5 μm粒级的为主,其所占比例超过65%,10~20 μm粒级所占比例通常低于10%。在水平分布上,微型异养鞭毛虫的丰度随离岸距离的增加逐渐降低;在垂直分布上,微型异养鞭毛虫的丰度随深度的增加逐渐降低,但夏季微型异养鞭毛虫丰度的高值多出现在次表层叶绿素a极大值层(DCM层)。微型异养鞭毛虫的丰度分布受到多重因素的交互影响,并且其所受调控模式在不同季节存在差异:春季和秋季微型异养鞭毛虫主要受下行调控;夏季微型异养鞭毛虫主要受上行调控;冬季上行和下行调控对微型异养鞭毛虫的影响相近。     

2008年夏季西北冰洋表层水浮游植物群落结构的色素表征及其对不同水团的响应

本文依托2008年夏季中国第三次北极科学考察航次,对西北冰洋海盆区和楚科奇海陆架营养盐及光合色素进行了测定和分析。根据海水理化性质将研究海区分为5个区,并使用CHEMTAX软件（Mackery et al.,1996）讨论了西北冰洋不同海区浮游植物群落组成结构及其与环境因子之间的关系。结果显示在楚科奇海陆架区,太平洋入流显著影响浮游植物生物量和群落结构。高营养盐Anadyr水团以及白令陆架水控制海域,表现出高Chl a且浮游植物以硅藻为主,相反,低营养盐如阿拉斯加沿岸流控制海域,Chl a生物量低且以微型,微微型浮游植物为主。在外陆架海区,海冰覆盖情况影响着水团的物理特征及营养盐浓度水平,相应地显著影响浮游植物群落结构。在海冰覆盖区域,硅藻生物量站到总Chl a生物量的75%以上;在靠近门捷列夫深海平原海区,受相对高盐的冰融水影响（MW-HS）,营养盐浓度和Chl a浓度相对海冰覆盖区略高,浮游植物结构中微型、微微型藻类比重增加,硅藻比例则降至33%;南加拿大海盆无冰海区（IfB）,表层水盐度最淡,营养盐浓度最低,相应地显示出低Chl a生物量,表明海冰消退,开阔大洋持续时间延长,将导致低生物量及激发更小型浮游植物的生长,并不有利于有机碳向深海的有效输出。     

南大洋和南极考察航线海表超微型浮游生物分布及影响因子

南极考察航线跨越全球多个大洋,对认识超微型浮游生物在全球尺度分布及变化具有重要意义。依托中国第33次南极考察,利用流式细胞仪对航线海表水样中的超微型浮游生物进行了现场测定。结果表明,在热带与温带海域,超微型浮游生物量可占总叶绿素a浓度的60%以上,在南大洋则集中在15%～40%;原绿球藻主要分布在40°S以北海域,聚球藻主要分布在50°S以北海域,而超微型真核藻类和异养细菌则在沿线各海域均有明显分布。在纬向上,原绿球藻、聚球藻、超微型真核藻类和异养细菌的平均丰度分别为(5.50±9.09)×10³ cells/mL、(13.56±20.33)×10³ cells/mL、(3.87±3.08)×10³ cells/mL和(6.39±4.78)×10⁵ cells/mL;南大洋海域,超微型真核藻类和异养细菌的平均丰度分别为(3.31±1.46)×10³ cells/mL和(4.68±4.39)×10⁵ cells/mL,在少数站位检测到较低丰度的聚球藻,平均值...     

南海北部夏、冬季今生颗石藻分布

本研究对2009年南海北部(17°~24°N,108°~122°E)夏季和2010年冬季的颗石藻群落结构进行了描述。颗石藻镜检工作以偏光显微镜为主,并辅助于扫描电镜进行物种的鉴定与计数,共鉴定物种11属13种。总体来说,冬季的颗石藻细胞丰度明显高于夏季,夏季细胞丰度介于0.3×103~71.8×103 cells/L之间,平均丰度6.0×103 cells/L;冬季介于0.3×103~64.4×103 cells/L之间,平均丰度6.7×103 cells/L。夏季多样性指数和均匀度指数分别介于0.30~1.98和0.30~0.99之间,冬季分别介于0.51~2.25和0.33~0.99之间。夏季颗石藻细胞表层丰度分布规律不显著,冬季颗石藻分布高值区位于珠江口的外海站位;垂直分布上,颗石藻细胞丰度高值通常出现于次表层水体。调查期间颗石藻类群出现的优势种为纤细伞球藻(Umbellosphaera tenuis(Kamptner)Paasche)、赫氏艾密里藻(Emiliania huxleyi(Lohmann)Hay et Mohler)以及大洋桥石藻(Gephyrocapsa oceanica Kamptner)。典范对应分析(Canonical Correspondence Analysis,CCA)结果表明,夏季优势种赫氏艾密里藻和大洋桥石藻与大部分环境因子呈正相关关系,冬季响应特征不同。     

Subtropical coccolithophores in the Weddell Sea

Eleven subtropical coccolithophore species were identified in three samples taken in the austral autumn from the Weddell Sea, Antarctic, between 69°S and 70°S, just south of the Antarctic Slope Front. This is the first report of coccolithophores present at such southern latitudes. We provide three hypotheses for their occurrence in the Weddell Sea: (1) Coccolithophore species have wider temperature tolerances than previously believed. (2) Coccolithophores found in the Weddell Sea were part of a remnant community from the Agulhas Current. (3) Coccolithophores were transported by a N–S eddy crossing the Brazil–Malvinas confluence region and then subsequently transported to the east by warm water eddies of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to the study location. Further temperature tolerance experiments with coccolithophores are recommended.     

Spatial and temporal variability and size fractionation of chlorophyll a in the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean

The spatial and temporal variability and size fractionation of chlorophyll a(Chl a) were investigated in the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean during four survey cruises from 2005 to 2009.The surface Chl a(S-Chl a) concentration ranged from 0.002 to 0.497 mg/m 3 and was obviously higher in the eastern Pacific than in the western and central Pacific.The vertical distribution of Chl a displayed a single peak pattern,and the maximum Chl a layer(MCL) was observed at a shallower depth in the eastern Pacific than in the western Pacific.All three size fractions of Chl a measurements in the surface water showed a similar distribution to total Chl a and were found in higher concentrations in the eastern Pacific than in the western and central Pacific.Picoplankton dominated the phytoplankton in the surveyed tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean.Furthermore,pico-Chl a(0.2-2 μm) accounted for a larger percentage of the total Chl a in the central Pacific than it did in the western Pacific and eastern Pacific.In the western Pacific,there seemed to be a latitudinal variability in the phytoplankton community composition where small-sized phytoplankton(<2 μm) were more dominant in the tropical than in the subtropical western Pacific.The spatial and temporal variability and size fractionation of Chl a were controlled by hydrological and chemical characteristics and climate events,such as El Nin o and La Nin a.     

中尺度涡控制悬浮体的分布——以帕里西维拉海盆区为例

为研究帕里西维拉海盆区上层水体中悬浮体分布特征,对2003年冬季在该海区现场测得的上层水体悬浮体质量浓度数据进行详细分析。结果表明,调查期间研究区悬浮体质量浓度在水平上表现出西高东低的特征,垂向上的差异较小。现场大面站调查和同期卫星高度计数据显示,调查期间在研究区海域同时存在冷涡和暖涡活动,其中冷涡活动区位于研究区西部,暖涡活动区位于东部。分层分析表明,调查区中尺度涡活动对悬浮体分布有明显的控制效应:在冷涡活动区内,深层的富营养盐水体上涌,使冷涡内部的浮游生物量增多,导致冷涡活动区内的悬浮体质量浓度明显高于周围;在暖涡活动区内,因上层的寡营养盐水体下沉,使暖涡区的浮游生物量减少,导致悬浮体质量浓度明显低于周围。受洋流和中尺度涡活动的影响,调查海区西北部岛礁的物质供应也是导致研究区悬浮体分布呈现西高东低格局的重要因素。     

赤道太平洋上层海洋垂向温度梯度距平与El Nio的关系

用赤道太平洋长达21a的温度资料以及经验正交函数(EOF)分析方法,讨论了在5°S-5°N平均纬向垂直剖面上赤道太平洋垂向温度梯度距平的时空变化,得到了一些有意义的结果。赤道太平洋垂向温度梯度距平EOF分析第1模态的正/负位相反映了El Nino/La Nina发生前赤道太平洋温跃层的分布,第2模态的正/负位相反映了El Nino/La Nina鼎盛以及开始衰减时赤道太平洋温跃层的分布。根据我们对赤道太平洋温跃层核心位置的定义,在El Nino向LaNina转换的过程中,赤道东太平洋温跃层上升了30-40m,而赤道中太平洋温跃层先是上升了40-50m,然后又下降了40-50m,赤道西太平洋温跃层下降了90m;随着赤道西太平洋暖水的堆积以及东移,温跃层首先在赤道西太平洋加深,El Nino发生前赤道中东太平洋温跃层开始加深,El Nino达到鼎盛时赤道西太平洋温跃层抬升,而赤道中东太平洋温跃层加深;赤道太平洋垂向温度梯度距平EOF分析第1特征向量的时间系数与Nino3区的SST距平有非常好的相关,并且超前于Nino3区的SST距平,超前3个月的相关系数高达0.7017,超前6个月的相关系数高达0.6467,因此可以用该量来预测Nino3区的SST距平。