东海陆架沉积物环境磁学特征及其物源指示意义

对东海陆架69个表层沉积物样品进行了环境磁学测试,并结合重矿物鉴定和粒度分析数据讨论了其磁学特征、影响因素和物源指示意义。结果表明研究区表层沉积物中磁性矿物以磁铁矿为主,同时含有少量的磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿。这一结果与碎屑矿物镜下鉴定结果一致。根据磁学参数S–300(-300m T磁场下饱和等温剩磁的矫顽参数)、SIRM/χ(饱和等温剩磁与磁化率之比)及SIRM(饱和等温剩磁),将东海陆架表层沉积物分为三类。第一类沉积物主要分布在西部内陆架及研究区东北部的细粒沉积区,磁性矿物含量较高,亚铁磁性矿物所占比例较小,磁性矿物颗粒细;第二类分布在中外陆架,磁性矿物含量低,亚铁磁性矿物比例相对较高,磁性矿物颗粒粗;第三类沉积物分布在研究区东部部分站位,磁性矿物含量高,亚铁磁性矿物含量也高,磁性矿物颗粒粗。沉积物整体的粒度粗细控制了磁性矿物颗粒的大小,且在以现代细粒沉积物为主的第一类沉积物中,磁性矿物含量与粉砂、黏土含量成正相关关系。S–100-SIRM(-100m T磁场下饱和等温剩磁的矫顽参数-饱和等温剩磁)散点图显示,东海陆架大部分区域沉积物磁学特征与长江沉积物一致,表明物质来源于长江;研究区东北部受到黄海沿岸流搬运来的黄河物质的影响磁学性质呈现出黄河物质特征;闽浙沿岸部分站位受到人类活动及瓯江物质的影响。     

南海西北部16 kaBP以来沉积物的环境磁学特征及其物源指示意义

南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海,对东亚季风和全球气候变化具有敏感的响应,然而目前对南海沉积物的物源分析仍存在众多争议。对南海琼东南盆地SCS-02孔的沉积物样品进行了系统的磁学分析,旨在通过环境磁学参数追踪沉积物的来源。结果表明,SCS-02岩芯的磁性矿物主要为磁铁矿和赤铁矿。自16 kaBP以来,磁性矿物的粒径和成分发生了系统变化,指示了沉积物源-汇过程的改变。15.5～16 kaBP期间,磁化率较高,粒径较粗,矫顽力也较高。海平面比现今低100多米,莺歌海出露于海平面以上,古红河口距研究区较近,红河的物质可以较容易到达沉积区,因此该时期红河贡献较大,珠江和台湾贡献较小。7.5～15.5 kaBP期间,随着海平面的迅速上升,磁性矿物组成和粒度发生了变化,总的磁性矿物含量减少,磁铁矿的含量逐渐增加,粒度变细,表明随着海平面的升高,珠江和台湾的贡献有所增加。7.5 kaBP以来,现代的海陆格局基本形成,磁性矿物组成和粒度变化较稳定,沉积物主要来源于红河和珠江。因此,环境磁学参数可以指示南海西北部沉积物的源-汇变化,为海平面变化和气候演化研究提供有效参考。     

南黄海东北陆架YSDP 105孔冰消期以来沉积层序的磁学特征研究

尝试对南黄海东北陆架ＹＳＤＰ１０５孔０．６０—２９．６８ｍ的沉积层序进行环境磁学的研究，测量了岩心的磁化率、非磁滞剩磁、等温剩磁、饱和等温剩磁等磁学参数。对磁学参数及其有关比值的研究发现，沉积层序以含碎屑成因的低矫顽力磁性矿物为主，另含少量高矫顽力磁性矿物。磁性矿物大部分为准单畴，少部分为单畴；其粒度受控于沉积环境：从潮间带、浅水潮下带→深水潮下带→浅海，磁性矿物的粒度依次递减，反映了沉积水动力的控制作用。自冰消期以来，沉积层序中高矫顽力磁性矿物的含量逐渐降低，表明进入黄海的风尘物质逐渐减少。     

长江与黄河河口沉积物环境磁学特征及其对比研究

对采自长江现行主河道和黄河入海口处的表层沉积样品进行了环境磁学参数的测量和对比研究.结果表明:长江和黄河河口沉积物的磁性载体主要是亚铁磁性物质,亚铁磁性矿物晶粒以假单畴-多畴为主,同时亦有超顺磁晶粒的存在;长江河口沉积物的磁性明显强于黄河河口沉积物,特别是质量磁化率、非磁滞剩磁及饱和等温剩磁,两者相对偏差在40%以上;在粗粒级沉积物(>0.063 mm)中,长江河口沉积物的磁化率与全样磁化率平均值差别较小,在4%左右;黄河河口沉积物差别很大,可达34%.两者的差别反映了长江和黄河沉积物中磁性矿物赋存方式的差异;长江和黄河河口沉积物磁性特征的差异与两者粒度特征对比明显.长江和黄河河口沉积物的这些磁学方面的差别是源岩特征和气候环境差异上的反映,可以作为判别两者物源的有效示踪剂.     

南黄海东北陆架YSDP 105孔冰消期以来沉积层序的磁学特征…

尝试对南黄海东北陆架ＹＳＤＰ１０５孔０．６０－２９．６８ｍ的沉积层序进行环境磁学的研究，测量了岩心的磁化率，非磁滞剩磁，饱和等温剩磁等磁学参数。对磁学参数及其有关比值的研究发现，沉积层序以含碎屑成因的低矫顽力磁性矿物为主，另含少量高矫顽力磁性矿物。     

环境磁学的进展与展望

环境磁学是近十几个来在古地磁学，地质学与环境科学综合研究的基础上发展起来的一门新兴边缘学科，主要研究沉积物关磁性矿物特征，矿物磁学参数及其与环境的关系，地层对比，沉积物源变化，地磁场变化及与气候的关系，磁性太物的形成与转变等。     

环境磁学某些研究进展评述

环境磁学是应用岩石磁学和矿物磁学技术去恢复环境过程、重塑环境演化历史的一门边缘科学。沉积环境中磁性矿物的形成、搬运、沉积和演化受气候变化和环境过程的控制,因此,岩石和矿物磁学性质可作为环境变化和气候过程的代用指标。环境磁学能为全球环境变化、气候过程研究提供有价值的资料。鉴于环境磁学方法在古环境和古气候研究中的重要作用。本文对当前黄土、湖泊沉积物和海洋喾物环境磁学研究的一些进展作简要评述。     

珠江磨刀门河口表层沉积物磁性特征及其动力沉积环境意义

基于2015年3月珠江磨刀门河口表层沉积物磁学和粒度测量结果,研究磨刀门河口磁性特征空间分布规律,分析磁性参数与沉积物粒度的关系,并探讨其对沉积动力环境的响应。磁性参数磁化率（χ）和饱和等温剩磁（SIRM）均在拦门沙处出现低值区,并在10 m等深线外呈现向海递减趋势;频率磁化率（χ_fd%）、非磁滞剩磁磁化率（χ_ARM）以及比值参数χ_ARM/SIRM和χ_ARM/χ在拦门沙处出现低值区,而在拦门沙外呈现高值:表明研究区域磁性特征由亚铁磁性矿物主导,而拦门沙区域存在一定量的不完全反铁磁性矿物。粒度是影响沉积物磁性特征的重要因素,SIRM/χ等参数与粗颗粒组分（大于63 μm）呈显著正相关,χ_fd%等参数与小于16 μm粒级组分高度相关,结果显示χ_fd%、χ_ARM、χ_ARM/SIRM以及χ_ARM/χ等参数可作为本区域沉积物细颗粒组分（小于16 μm）的代用指标,而SIRM/χ则可作为粗颗粒组分（大于63 μm）的代用指标。基于沉积物类型、动力环境等综合考虑,选取SIRM、S_-300、SIRM/χ参数聚类分析,可将磨刀门河口动力沉积环境分为4个区,结果与该区域动力环境及动力地貌格局具有一致性。本研究不仅对了解新动力格局下磨刀门河口演变模式具有重要意义,还可以丰富河口沉积动力学研究方法。     

东菲律宾海柱样沉积物的磁性特征

对东菲律宾海帕里西维拉海盆西侧F090102柱样进行了系统的古地磁和岩石磁学研究,测量了天然剩磁倾角、磁化率、饱和等温剩磁、非磁滞剩磁、-T曲线等磁学参数,进行了磁性地层的划分对比,识别出松山反极性时内的贾拉米洛和奥都维正极性亚时。对磁学参数及其有关比值的研究发现,岩心磁性矿物以低矫顽力磁铁矿为主,可能含有一定的钛磁铁矿。磁性矿物主要是陆源碎屑成因,岩心底段受到海底火山作用的影响。根据磁学参数随深度的变化将岩心分为3段,各段反映了沉积环境和古气候的变化。     

中国渤黄海的沉积物源及输运路径研究

基于中国渤黄海120个表层沉积物粒度分析,研究了其表层沉积物分布特征与物源和水动力的关系。结果表明,研究区底质类型主要有黏土质粉砂、粉砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂、砂和砂-粉砂-黏土6种类型,以砂质粉砂和黏土质粉砂为主,整体粒度较细、分选较差,在老铁山水道、莱州湾、北黄海北部等水动力较强区域分选相对较好且沉积物粒径相对偏粗。根据沉积物粒度参数、物源、输运路径将研究区划为5个沉积区,分别为渤海湾、滦河口粉砂沉积区,黄河口、莱州湾砂质沉积区,渤海中部粉砂质沉积区,北黄海西部黏土质粉砂沉积区,北黄海北部砂质沉积区。物源和水动力条件控制了研究区沉积物粒度分布。     

NOTABLE FEATURES OF THE MIXING IN THE LINGDINGYANG BAY

In order to understand the mixing process of saline and fresh water at the estuary of the Zhujiang River (Lingdingyang Bay), the Zhujiang River Conservancy Commission made several field observations from 1978 to 1979. The resulting data indicate that the mixing process is quite unique and complicated. Here demonstrations are made from different angles so as to show the nature of the process.On the whole, the Zhujiang Estuary can be roughly regarded as a vertical partly-mixed type with a lateral salinity gradient.     

伶仃洋第四纪沉积物的铀钍含量和年龄分析

样品采自珠江口伶仃洋海区的５个钻孔。测量了各样品中之Ｕ，Ｔｈ含量、比值及年龄。结果表明，这５个钻孔基底面上沉积之最老年龄距今超过３６０００ａ。     

珠江口SX97孔7000aB.P.以来石英矿物含量反映的气候变化

珠江口北岸SX97孔的石英矿物含量变化与该孔孢粉数据及华南沿海其它地质地貌资料所揭示的古气候古环境演化能很好对应。古气候古环境通过控制物源区的植被发育、风化强度和侵蚀能力及河口沉积区的进退，对河口沉积物中石英矿物含量有很好的调控作用。在华南沿海地区，河口沉积物中的石英矿物含量可能是指示气候环境演化的一个方便和实用的指标。     

末次冰盛期后黄河三角洲沉积物的磁性特征及其沉积环境

On the basis of measuring the magnetic parameters of sediment in Core YDZ1, combined with a grain size analysis and Carbon-14 dating, the magnetic properties of sediment and sedimentary environment in the Huanghe(Yellow River) Delta area after the last glacial maximum have been studied. The results show that the ferrimagnetic minerals of a pseudo single domain and multi domain particles dominate the magnetic properties of sediment in Core YDZ1. The imperfect anti ferrimagnetic minerals have more contribution on sediment in a depth of 24.0–22.1 m, and more stable-single domain and pseudo single domain particles exist. The susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization and the ratio of the susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization to saturation isothermal remanent magnetization show a decrease trend below depth of 24 m, a marked increase trend in a depth of 24.0–13.5 m, and a rapid decrease at depth of 13.5 m, then a fluctuation trend upward. The above two magnetic parameters and the ratio of the susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization to the mass susceptibility can be regarded as the proxy indicators for the content of clay(4 μm)and the fine-grained size(32 μm). The sedimentary environment after the last glacial maximum in the Huanghe Delta area has experienced the fluvial facies, the tidal flat facies, the neritic facies, the pro delta facies, the delta front facies and the floodplain facies. Thickness of the Holocene transgression layer is 10.5 m and the depth of substrate is about 24 m according to the YDZ1 core. The sedimentary dynamic has a variation trend with strongweak-strong, which has been proved by the Flemming triangular schema.     

Fluxes of riverine nutrient to the Zhujiang River Estuary and its potential eutrophication effect

The Zhujiang River Estuary is becoming eutrophic due to the impact of anthropogenic activities in the past decades. To understand nutrient dynamics and fluxes to the Lingdingyang water via four outlets(Humen,Jiaomen, Hongqimen and Hengmen), we investigated the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of dissolved nutrients in the Zhujiang River Estuary, based on fourteen cruises conducted from March 2015 to October 2017,covering both wet(April to September) and dry(October to March next year)...     

珠江口伶仃洋海域营养盐的历史变化及影响因素研究

根据2006年丰水期和枯水期对珠江口伶仃洋海域的调查资料,分析了该海域营养盐的现状,发现丰水期NO₃-N和SiO₃-Si含量呈自口门向外逐渐降低的变化,NO₂-N和PO₄-P高值区则集中在深圳附近海域,枯水期各项营养盐均呈自口门向外逐渐降低的变化。结合1990年、1998年、2001年3个年份的资料,分析了珠江口邻近海域5项营养盐(SiO₃-Si,NO₃-N,NO₂-N,NH₄-N和PO₄-P)近20 a来的变化规律,并对其影响因素进行了探讨和分析。结果发现,NO₃-N,NO₂-N,NH₄-N和PO₄-P含量呈现显著上升趋势,DIN/DIP呈下降趋势。NO₃-N和SiO₃-Si含量丰水期显著高于枯水期,NO₂-N和PO₄-P则相反,径流携带作用是NO₃-N和SiO₃-Si的主要来源,而径流对NO₂-N和PO₄-P则起稀释作用。另外农业施肥的影响、围填海造成的海域面积缩小以及网箱养殖业饵料的不合理投放亦是造成珠江口伶仃洋海域DIN,DIP含量上升的因素。     

Distributional characteristics of grain sizes of surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary

Distributions of the parameters of sedimentary grain sizes and their correlations were studied to trace the sources of silts and their movement trends in the Zhujiang River Estuary based on the analyses of grain sizes from more than 1080 sedimentary samples. The distributions of the median diameter, public value, quartile deviation, and skewness of sediments were complex in the Zhuiiang River Estuary mainly because of the impact of the matter source regions, distances from the source regions, and hydrodynamic conditions, such as waves, tidal currents, and coastal currents. Analyses of the parameters of the grain sizes for the various types of sediments showed that the distributions of the surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary were controlled by many factors. Their matter sources were mainly the sediments discharged from the runoffs and ebb tidal currents, and from the open sea. The sediments mainly moved by suspension movement. The silts formed a large area of sediments with suspended fine silts in the Zhujiang River Estuary by internal adjustment transportation in the area, and moved toward the western coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary under the effect of Coriolis forces and coastal currents.     

Rock Magnetic Approaches Used on Deep-sea Sediments in the Northeastern Equatorial Pacific

Rock magnetic properties of unconsolidated sediments from the Korea Deep Ocean Study area of the northeastern equatorial Pacific were analyzed to trace the time-dependent variations of sedimentary environments. For upper Pleistocene sediments, light-brown sediments predominate, whereas the lower sediments deposited in the late Pliocene are dark brown. Rock magnetic properties also clearly differ among the two distinct color environments. Values of anhysteretic remanent magnetization and low-field magnetic susceptibility are highly responsive to changes in the color of the sediment. For example, comparatively low values denote a dominance of coarse-grained magnetic minerals as observed in the lower dark-brown layers. With respect to the content of magnetic minerals, coarse magnetic grains are highly concentrated in the darker-colored sediment layers. However, both the magnetic mineral dependent parameter (S ratio) and results of the scanning electron microscope observation indicate that magnetic mineral changes did not occur along the core depth, which means that there was no apparent source change. Without distinctive source changes, the variations in the rock magnetic properties likely reflect a process by which the magnetic grains were primarily transported by enhanced wind and bottom currents and affected by diagenetic dissolution as a function of both the time from burial and the extremely low sedimentation rates after deposition.