R11井山头油藏改建地下储气库方案设计

许多国家改建地下储气库是利用枯竭气藏、水层、盐穴和废矿井 ,很少利用开采后期的潜山油藏。本文通过对 R11井山头油藏的地质特点分析 ,研究了该潜山油藏改建地下储气库的可行性 ,在此基础上对改建后的储气库进行了库容计算和盖层压力分析 ,并编制了储气库的运行方案设计。该方案的成功设计将大大扩大改建地下储气库库址的筛选范围     

基于精细地质研究静态数据库的砂体类型识别方法

以地质储量精细计算需要的砂体类型(河道与非河道厚、薄层砂体、Ⅰ类表外独立和渐变砂体、Ⅱ类表外独立和渐变砂体)为例,探讨了精细地质研究静态数据库中砂体类型识别方法,给出了不同类型砂体识别的方法。利用该方法从精细地质研究静态数据库中提取不同类型砂体厚度参数,对不同类型砂体进行了地质储量精细计算。     

琼东南盆地深水区新近系海底扇沉积特征与资源潜力

综合利用钻井、岩心、薄片及分析化验资料研究了琼东南盆地深水区新近系海底扇沉积特征,并利用最新的三维地震资料,通过井震精细标定、多属性融合技术、方差体切片、三维地貌砂体镂空等综合技术手段,精细刻画了海底扇砂体的空间分布特征。研究结果表明,深水区新近系海底扇是由陆架区的砂体滑塌并二次搬运形成,形成过程具有多期次性。受不同物源的影响,海底扇岩性和物性存在较大的差异。海底扇岩性及沉积构造具有砂质滑塌、碎屑流、浊流和深水底流改造的特征。海底扇的沉积微相、厚度、砂泥比和砂泥岩空间配置关系直接控制了地震振幅反射强度和频率的变化。砂体纵向叠置,横向连片,并被后期泥质水道切割分块形成多个岩性圈闭。综合分析认为,深水区海底扇砂体发育区烃源条件优越,储盖配置关系和圈闭条件良好,具备形成大中型岩性油气藏的有利条件,具有较大的油气勘探潜力。     

鄂尔多斯盆地王窑地区上三叠统长6油层成岩作用研究

通过多项测试方法，对安塞油田王窑地区长6油层含油砂体的岩石学、成岩作用、储集物性和孔隙发育特征进行分析和研究。结果表明，该区储集砂体为成分成熟度较低的长石砂岩；主要自生矿物为绿泥石、浊沸石、方解石、石英、钾长石、伊利石和钠长石等；储层次生孔隙发育，主要孔隙类型为粒间孔隙、骨架颗粒溶孔和浊沸石溶孔。孔隙结构具有小孔、细喉的特点；储层成岩演化阶段处于晚成岩A亚期；储层性质明显地受到沉积微相和成岩作用的影响。沉积物粒度较粗、厚度较大的河道砂和河口砂坝砂的储集物性明显优于各种粒度较细、厚度较薄的席状砂体。     

辫状河沉积储层小层精细划分对比——以苏里格气田苏X加密井区为例

辫状河沉积形成的砂体具有单层厚度大,横向变化快的特点,垂直物源方向上井间砂体对比连续性较差,常规分层方法难以对小层进行细分对比。本次研究结合苏里格气田苏X加密区气藏开发实际,确定了小层细分层的基本原则,并以Miall的河流相构型理论为依据,明确了单一心滩沉积微相为合理的细分层级次。最后,结合精细地质研究成果,分别从岩心、测井、及旋回性方面论证了小层细分标志,将盒8下1、盒8下2小层分别划分为3个细层,单个细层厚度大约为5m,有利于气藏的合理开发。     

鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起上古生界储层孔隙结构特征及评价CSCD

储层是油气赋存的载体,其孔渗性能决定着后期油气开采难度以及可采数量。在众多影响储层孔渗性能的因素当中,储集层的孔隙结构发挥了关键的作用。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起上古生界储层岩性以及孔渗参数进行分析,结果表明:石盒子组孔喉连通性及渗流性能最好,其次是山西组,太原组最差;依据压汞资料和毛细管压力曲线形态,孔隙结构类型可以划分为4类;通过孔渗资料统计分析,上古生界砂岩划分4类,并以Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类储层为主;砂体主要为冲积扇辫状水道砂体,曲流河、辫状河河道砂坝砂体以及三角洲平原分流河道砂体。研究结果可以为伊盟隆起区上古生界的油气开发提供依据。     

三维可视化技术在地震资料解释中的应用

介绍了三维可视化技术基本原理和流程的基础上 ,着重研究了其在地震资料解释中的应用。它主要包含 2方面 :一是可对三维地震数据体直接进行构造解释、实现空间域的层位自动追踪和断层的空间组合 ,解决复杂断块的构造问题 ;二是可进行储层描述 ,即可在一定时窗内或解释层之间进行岩性分析和沉积环境解释。以胜利油田探区为例 ,通过对 CG2 0复杂断块潜山进行精细的构造解释 ,及对 CJZ凸起和北坡的上第三系馆陶组—明化镇组河流相砂体和下第三系东营组三角洲相砂体的储层描述 ,说明三维可视化技术已在构造解释和储层描述中起到了不可替代的作用。     

碳酸盐岩储气库多轮次强注强采流体互驱机理研究现状

国内外大量文献调研发现,碳酸盐岩多重介质储层的非均质性及地下储气库强注强采工艺的特殊性决定了流体多尺度运移机理的复杂性,碳酸盐岩储气库多轮次强注强采流体互驱机理相关理论研究迫在眉睫,国外亦未见先例。针对碳酸盐岩孔、洞、缝及基质复杂的多重介质储层以及介质内油、气、水多尺度的耦合特征,开展高强度注采过程中多轮次流体互驱机理评价现状研究,深入剖析多相流体宏观和微观注采机理及渗流规律现状,对开展地下储气库运行过程中的"油包气"或"水包气"导致气体漏失的原因分析提供理论指导,为碳酸盐岩储气库高效运行提供技术支撑,为类似碳酸盐岩储层改建地下储气库奠定研究基础。     

鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起上古生界储层孔隙结构特征及评价

储层是油气赋存的载体,其孔渗性能决定着后期油气开采难度以及可采数量。在众多影响储层孔渗性能的因素当中,储集层的孔隙结构发挥了关键的作用。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起上古生界储层岩性以及孔渗参数进行分析,结果表明:石盒子组孔喉连通性及渗流性能最好,其次是山西组,太原组最差;依据压汞资料和毛细管压力曲线形态,孔隙结构类型可以划分为4类;通过孔渗资料统计分析,上古生界砂岩划分4类,并以Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类储层为主;砂体主要为冲积扇辫状水道砂体,曲流河、辫状河河道砂坝砂体以及三角洲平原分流河道砂体。研究结果可以为伊盟隆起区上古生界的油气开发提供依据。     

上扬子盆地西南缘上组合气藏成藏过程分析

通过对代表上扬子盆地西南缘上组合气藏特征的平落坝、白马庙和观音寺3个典型气藏进行解剖,明确了中侏罗统沙溪庙组天然气分布特征。结合输导体系、流体包裹体成藏期次和构造演化研究成果,分析了气藏成藏过程,总结其成藏模式,以期为有利勘探目标区的选择及评价提供地质依据。上扬子盆地西南缘沙溪庙组气藏以构造-岩性和岩性气藏为主,天然气主要分布在沙溪庙组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ段,主要聚集于构造高点。油气成藏时间集中在93～72 Ma,发生过至少2幕油气充注。燕山运动是气藏形成的主要时期,其形成的断层是沟通气源的主要通道;喜山运动是气藏天然气调整的主要时期,喜山期逆冲断层的活动及构造高点的迁移是天然气调整的主要原因。不同构造区域成藏具有差异性:西部褶皱带断-砂匹配、构造、砂体物性是主要控藏因素,构造高点、断层封闭性控制其含气丰度;东部斜坡带断-砂匹配、构造、封闭断层是主要控藏因素,构造高点、砂体物性控制其含气丰度。     

莺歌海盆地深部地压气

地压气承受地压,以四种形式存在于地下,由于高温高压的特定环境,它作为非常规天然气具有开采价值。它形成的地质背景是深、热、高压、海相、快速沉降的年青盆地。莺歌海盆地七条勘探成果说明盆地深部蕴藏地压气,乐东30—1砂岩体是其一例。     

AVO与流体替换相结合识别深层Ⅰ类气藏

传统的“亮点”技术适合检测Ⅲ类AVO含气异常,对于中、深层含气砂岩表现出来的Ⅰ类AVO现象无法识别。利用AVO技术,结合流体替换,寻找差异,运用G属性体,可以有效识别深层Ⅰ类AVO含气砂岩,利用这种方法预测了某油气田a主力气藏的分布。预测结果得到B井证实。     

Geological control factors of micro oil distribution in tight reservoirs

Understanding the oil distribution characteristics in unconventional tight reservoirs is crucial for hydrocarbon evaluation and oil/gas extraction from such reservoirs. Previous studies on tight oil distribution characteristics are mostly concerned with the basin scale. Based on Lucaogou core samples, geochemical approaches including Soxhlet extraction, total organic carbon (TOC), and Rock-Eval are combined with reservoir physical approaches including mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) and porosity-permeability analysis, to quantitatively evaluate oil distribution of tight reservoirs on micro scale. The emphasis is to identify the key geological control factors of micro oil distribution in such tight reservoirs. Dolomicrites and non-detrital mudstones have excellent hydrocarbon generation capacity while detritus-containing dolomites, siltstones, and silty mudstones have higher porosity and oil content, and coarser pore throat radius. Oil content is mainly controlled by porosity, pore throat radius, and hydrocarbon generation capacity. Porosity is positively correlated with oil content in almost all samples including various lithologies, indicating that it is a primary constraint for providing storage space. Pore throat radius is also an important factor, as oil migration is inhibited by the capillary pressure which must be overcome. If the reservoir rock with suitable porosity has no hydrocarbon generation capacity, pore throat radius will be decisive. As tight reservoirs are generally characterized by widely distributed nanoscale pore throats and high capillary pressure, hydrocarbon generation capacity plays an important role in reservoir rocks with suitable porosity and fine pore throats. Because such reservoir rocks cannot be charged completely. The positive correlation between hydrocarbon generation capacity and oil content in three types of high porosity lithologies (detritus-containing dolomites, siltstones, and silty mudstones) supports this assertion.     

枯竭型油气藏储气库射孔完井技术

枯竭型油气藏储气库一般采用套管射孔完井方式,注、采气需要“缓进大出”,要求储层与井筒良好沟通.针对枯竭型油气藏储气库射孔完井工艺复杂、要求高、地层保护难度大等特点,阐述了射孔方式及工艺优选、射孔参数优化、射孔压实带改造技术、多级负压起爆技术等内容.该项射孔完井技术在中石化文96储气库13口井成功应用,取得了良好的效果.     

An experimental study on microscopic characteristics of gas-bearing sediments under different gas reservoir pressures

Gas-bearing sediments are widely distributed in five continents all over the world. Most of the gases exist in the soil skeleton in the form of discrete large bubbles. The existence of gas-phase may increase or decrease the strength of the soil skeleton. So far, bubbles’ structural morphology and evolution characteristics in soil skeleton lack research, and the influence of different gas reservoir pressures on bubbles are still unclear. The micro characteristics of bubbles in the same sediment sample were studied using an industrial CT scanning test system to solve these problems. Using the image processing software, the micro variation characteristics of gas-bearing sediments in gas reservoir pressure change are obtained. The results show that the number and volume of bubbles in different equivalent radius ranges will change regularly under different gas reservoir pressure. With the increase of gas reservoir pressure, the number and volume of tiny bubbles decrease. In contrast, the number and volume of large bubbles increase, and the gas content in different positions increases and occupies a dominant position, driving the reduction of pore water and soil skeleton movement.     

长岭坳陷腰英台油田青山口组油气成藏主控因素分析

腰英台油田区是松辽盆地南部近几年发现的具有超亿吨级储量规模的大型含油气区。结合勘探实践对腰英台地区青山口组油气成藏条件分析表明,油气成藏的主控因素包括烃源、储层和输导三个方面。油气成藏主要围绕乾安次凹生烃中心,烃源岩控制油藏的聚集与分布;断裂一方面作为输导体系,另一方面控制着不同类型油藏的平面分布;沉积微相控制砂体的平面分布以及砂体的储集物性。最终指出了近源带、断裂带、砂体发育带三者叠置区是下步勘探的有利方向。     

渤海海域新近系河流相砂岩储层描述技术

针对海上河流相砂岩油田单砂体厚度薄,井间储层横向变化快,纵向上油气水间互,平面上连通性差等特点,渤海通过十多年的不断探索和实践,发展完善了定量描述砂体展布的储层描述技术.该技术很大程度上解决了在海上探井井距大,井控程度低,取心资料较少等情况下的储层横向展布问题,并基于已钻井资料,总结出如何在探井之间寻找潜力砂体的经验.随着渤海越来越多的河流相油田投入开发,储层描述技术的可靠性也得到证实.大量实例证明,该技术是渤海油田新近系河流相砂岩储层预测与描述的有效技术手段,其思路和方法也可借鉴到类似地质背景下的河流相岩性油气藏评价.     

Defining the 3D geometry of thin shale units in the Sleipner reservoir using seismic attributes

Defining the 3D geometry and internal architecture of reservoirs is important for prediction of hydrocarbon volumes, petroleum production and storage potential. Many reservoirs contain thin shale layers that are below seismic resolution, which act as impermeable and semi-permeable layers within a reservoir. Predicting the storage volume of a reservoir with thin shale layers from conventional seismic data is an issue due to limited seismic resolution. Further, gas chimneys indicative of gas migration pathways through thin shale layers, are not easily defined by conventional seismic data. Additional information, such as borehole data, can be used to aid mapping of shale layers, but making lateral predictions from 1D borehole data has high uncertainty. This paper presents an integrated workflow for quantitative seismic interpretation of thin shale layers and gas chimneys in the Utsira Formation of the Sleipner reservoir. The workflow combines the use of attribute and spectral analysis to add resolution to conventional seismic amplitude data. Detailed interpretation of these analyses reveals the reservoirs internal thin shale architecture, and the presence of gas chimneys. The comprehensive interpretation of the reservoirs internal structure is used to calculate a new reservoir storage volume. This is done based on the distribution of sand and interpreted shale layers within the study area, for this active CO₂ storage site.