基于CUDA的海洋监测数据并行压缩技术研究

为了提高海底观测网系统的运行效率,针对海洋仪器设备中海量监测数据的存储及传输问题,进行无损数据压缩算法的并行化技术研究。根据海洋监测数据的特点,进行压缩测试,选取出适合并行化的压缩算法,针对原有算法执行速度慢的问题,创新性地提出一种在CUDA架构上利用GPU并行加速平台,多线程分块并行实现数据压缩的方法。实验结果表明并行压缩算法的执行速度有大幅度的提升,压缩加速比最高可提高一个数量级,满足了海洋仪器设备中无损数据压缩的实时性需求。     

海洋-声学-探测模型的并行预报技术研究

针对声纳探测性能预报的需求,建立了海洋-声学-探测模型,实现了并行计算。该模型将海洋数值预报模式、声学模式与海洋观测资源进行整合,辅以战术需求,实现了对水声环境和声纳探测性能的动态预报和估计。同时,结合高性能计算机系统,设计并实现了模型的并行算法,结果表明,该程序具有较高的并行性能,较好地满足了声纳探测性能预报对实效性的要求,为形成业务化海洋水声环境预报能力打下了良好的基础。     

面向过程的海洋时空数据分布式存储与并行检索

海洋现象特征数据是一类带有过程性质的时空数据,具有多样性、多态性、海量性和时变性等特点,广泛服务于海洋灾害预报、船舶航行规划、台风路径追踪、海洋与大气环流等领域。本文根据海洋现象特征,建立海洋现象过程的对象表达和数据组织模型,设计三维空间海洋时空数据分片策略和R树空间数据索引方法,以提高海洋现象过程时空数据的查询效率。实验通过构建海洋现象过程时空数据分布式存储与并行检索系统测试算法的执行效率。实验结果表明,面向过程的海洋时空数据分布式并行检索算法能够实现数据的高效检索,验证了海洋现象过程对象数据组织模型的合理性,为研究海洋现象过程多要素的关联机制提供了有效的方法和理论基础。     

基于osgEarth的大规模流场并行计算方法

全球海洋流场具有数据规模大、计算复杂度高等特点,传统的可视化线性积分卷积(LIC)算法计算时耗高,难以满足大规模流场的实时交互可视化需求。本文基于OSG提出了大规模流场的LIC并行计算可视化方法,计算方法以osgEarth开源渲染引擎为基础,利用GPU的高性能计算技术,构建统一的设备计算框架,实现了LIC算法的并行化以达到加速效果。实验结果表明:该算法的加速比能够提高50倍,可满足全球海洋流场实时交互可视化处理的需求。     

基于FIO-COM的海洋声学预报系统的构建与应用

将海洋模式与声传播模型结合在一起,设计开发了一种适用于高性能计算机的全球海洋声学预报系统FIO-GOAFS,该系统以自然资源部第一海洋研究所全球0.1°分辨率海浪-潮流-环流耦合模式（FIO-COM）为基础,利用海洋模式预报的温、盐、深参数计算声速剖面,并对声速剖面进行水声环境特征诊断,之后将海洋模式与水下声场传播模型协同连接,结合地声模型（海底地形和底质参数）,实现了全球海域的水声环境特征诊断及水下声场及相关结果的预报。海洋模型提供水下声学预报所需的水体声速、海浪波高等参数,地声模型提供海底地形、底质声速、密度以及衰减等参数,通过调用海洋-声学连接模块提取声传播路径的地形及海洋环境参数剖面,实现海洋模型和声学模型的有效连接。全球海洋声学预报系统在高性能计算机上并行实现,主要包括声场计算中的频点、方位角并行以及声学预报时针对地理空间区域的并行。最后,利用该系统预报并分析了全球海域的水声环境特性及声呐作用距离的季节变化和空间分布特征,为现代声呐的设计、操作和水下应用提供参考。     

POM海洋模式的并行算法

POM模式目前尚无正式发布的并行版本。通过对POM串行程序的数据流向分析,讨论了POM模式并行化所涉及的关键算法和主要技术问题;并基于消息传递接口(MPI),研发了POM模式的并行版本。测试结果表明,POM并行软件效率较高,达到了业务化要求,业已应用于国家海洋信息中心的再分析业务化系统中。     

基于模型修正的海洋平台结构损伤识别试验研究

损伤识别是海洋平台结构健康监测的核心问题,对于保障结构的安全服役具有重要的意义。文中将交叉模型交叉模态(CMCM)有限元模型修正方法应用到了导管架式海洋平台结构的损伤识别中。针对实测模态含噪声条件下该方法遇到的"病态"求解难题,引入了截断奇异值分解正则化方法,提出了基于正则化模型修正的损伤识别过程。为验证该过程的有效性,制做了某导管架平台的钢质缩尺简化模型,并在两个典型构件处设置了损伤;利用冲击激励对结构进行了振动测试;根据模态识别结果,采用正则化模型修正过程对各损伤工况进行了损伤识别。结果表明,利用有限的低阶含噪声模态,借助正则化求解技术,该模型修正方法可有效地识别导管架平台结构的损伤。     

基于Python的并行编程技术在海洋数值预报批量二维绘图中的应用

针对海洋数值预报产品批量二维绘图占用时间较长的瓶颈问题,在对当前流行的数值模式产品绘图软件进行对比研究的基础上,利用Python语言多种库函数对海洋数值预报产品批量二维绘图进行高效并行优化处理,并对多进程编程方法在不同规模下的并行效率进行了测试分析。实验结果表明:此批量二维绘图方案高效稳定,可为数值模式产品批量二维绘图业务化运行提供有效技术支撑。     

基于演化算符的南海海面高度异常中长期统计预报

水下移动平台行动时需要1～3个月左右海洋数值预测预报结果,但是当前数值预报技术受对应的气象驱动场预报时效的限制,难以提供10 d以上的数值预报产品。鉴于海水在动力热力上具有较大的惯性,海洋内区有其自身的演化规律,本研究设计了一种基于演化算符的统计预测方法,利用历史卫星遥感资料构建海洋状态变量中长期演化矩阵,并结合惯性预报模型,构建了最终的南海海洋中长期统计预报模型,能够提供1～60 d逐日的南海海面高度异常预测结果,开展数值试验验证了该方法的有效性,结果表明,在起报后15 d内,预报结果与卫星资料的相关系数均大于0.8,在起报60 d内,相关系数仍高于0.6。     

海洋剖面要素数据处理系统的设计与实现

海洋剖面调查过程中涉及多项海洋调查仪器设备,由设备产生的原始数据数据量较大,给数据处理工作带来了很大的难题。针对不同来源、不同结构的仪器数据,文章提出了一种海洋剖面要素数据处理系统的设计方法,并借助Oracle数据库和Visual Studio开发工具,充分利用WPF技术实现了该系统。该平台可以满足海洋剖面要素数据处理质量控制的需要,同时能够实现相关调查数据的预处理和管理,为海洋剖面要素数据提供了一种高效、便利的处理方法。     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces

The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》Vol. 33(2014) contents

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INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,