日本海极地低压的个例研究

本文分析了日本海发生的一次极地低压的水平结构和垂直结构,极地低压的"眼"处几乎无云,由螺旋状云系环绕,并伴有较强的下沉气流,具有暖核结构。热力学收支表明,该暖核主要是由伴随下沉气流的绝热增暖造成的。     

A polar method for obtaining wave resonating quadruplets in finite depths

A polar method for obtaining wave resonating quadruplets {K₁, K₂, K₃, K₄} in the computation of nonlinear wave–wave interaction source term of the wave model is presented with results for both deep and finite water depths. The method first determines the end radial points of the locus equation for K₂, for each set of input wave vectors (K₁, K₃) on the symmetry. The locus of K₂ (and hence K₄) is then traced in the anti-clockwise direction starting with the maximum radial point on the line of symmetry. It is shown that when k₃>k₁, the number of points on the locus varies when the orientations of the input wave vectors are changed and reduces when the difference in the magnitude of the input wave vectors is increased. A significant advantage in this method is that the angular increment on the locus for K₂ can be kept constant.     

Binary interactions between polar lows

In this study, the movement of polar lows is addressed from a novel and perspicuous viewpoint. The usual assumption has been that these mesoscale systems are, to a first approximation, advected by the larger scale flow in which they are embedded. However, when there are two or more polar lows in the same vicinity, binary interactions between pairs of polar lows can cause a cyclonic co-rotation of the pair. In geographic coordinates these interactions can appear as unusual loops, twists and turns in the low tracks, due to the interplay between the cyclonic co-rotation and the translation of the binary pair by the ambient flow. However when the tracks are replotted in centroid relative coordinates, a mutual rotation is unmistakable. Satellite imagery from several case studies has been examined to accurately determine the polar low tracks, and thus the co-rotations. Using surface wind observations, a theoretical rotation rate can be estimated, based on barotropic vortex dynamics. There is a good correspondence between the observed and calculated rotation rates. Recognizing the existence of binary interactions between polar lows emphasises the connection between polar lows and tropical cyclones, where binary interactions have been described in several studies. Indeed, in the cases studied here, binary interactions are strongest during the secondary (convective) stage of polar low development where the lows are somewhat analogous to arctic hurricanes.     

党建工作在极地

我国极地事业在邓小平同志“为人类和平利用南极做出贡献”的题词指引下,走出了一条“起步晚、起点高;有所为、有所不为,成绩斐然”的发展之路。作为全国惟一的专业极地研究单位,中国极地研究中心全体职工在建站、科研考察、后勤保障等方面开展了卓有成效的工作,为我国极地事业的建设与发展作出了努力,而极地中心的党建工作在我国极地事业20年的光辉历程中留下了浓重的一笔。     

极地微藻的研究进展

两极地区是地球上地理环境很特殊的区域,低温、高光照和强辐射是其环境的主要特点。冰雪大地的温度从来不超过0℃;由于阳光的直射、冰雪的反射和散射,使得光照强度极高,被称为地球上光照最强的地方。近几十年来臭氧层的破坏日益严重,致使两极地区紫外线辐射强度大幅增高,一般生     

国际极地研究进展的文献计量分析

本文基于WoS和CNKI数据库,通过文献计量方法对2013—2018年中国和国际极地科研情况从发文量、被引量、机构、学科分布、合作关系、来源期刊、高被引论文等方面进行统计分析,并结合中西方传统学科优势和自然地理位置的差异,总结了当前极地领域的研究热点,得出以下结论：（1）“极地冰盖不稳定性和海平面变化”“极地生态系统的敏感性与脆弱性”“北极海-冰-气相互作用及其气候效应”是当前世界各国共同关注的研究重点;（2）“‘冰上丝绸之路’倡议下的国家战略与合作”等政治环境研究已成为我国特有的极地战略课题。同时,从加大政策支持、构建合作体系和优化战略布局等三个方面提出了启示与建议。     

极区通量观测系统及其在国际极地年(IPY)全球协同观测中的应用

本文对极区通量观测系统作了介绍,在国际极地年(IPY)全球协同观测中,极区通量观测系统在南极中山站进行了连续14个月的观测。结果表明,中山站年净辐射通量为12.9 W/m2。感热通量夏半年(10～2月)为正值,冬半年(3～9月)为负值,年平均1.9 W/m2。潜热通量全年都为正值,年平均11.2 W/m2。总体而言,地表通过净辐射获得热能,又通过感热和潜热方式向大气输送。观测得到的CO2通量全为负值,年平均为-0.031 mg/m2,表明南极中山站是CO2汇。     

A highly reflective low cost backscattering target

A low cost biplanar reflector target has been developed and used in a system performance test of a near surface omnidirectional source and receiver. The target was constructed from sheets of closed cell plastic bubble sheeting. Theoretically, this material should have very high reflectance characteristics, and this was demonstrated by the experiment. The strongly reflecting target was located at the sea surface, and allowed the interpretation of data as the ship passed through a range of azimuthal angles. The higher than expected backscatter from the target was presumed to be due to the bubble sheeting behaving as a coherent reflector, like a thin layer of air, rather than an ensemble of individually resonating bubbles. This was verified by the data analysis. Lloyd's mirror effects were strong, because practically all of the return signals from the 10-ms continuous wave pulses were overlapping. The target strength (TS) of the reflector was strongly reduced at ranges over 100 m. The experiment shows that studies of the statistical distribution of fish school TS must consider the effects of Lloyd's mirror     

中国极地考察国内基地建设项目

一、国内基地概况。中国极地考察国内基地(以下简称国内基地)建设项目是经国家批准立项的中国极地考察“十五”能力建设项目中的重点项目。项目建设单位为中国极地研究中心。经过三年多的努力,已完成了该项目选址论证、选址和可行性研究报告等大量的前期工作。国内基地选址上海市浦东新区五号沟地区,占用深水(-10m)岸线270m,占用土地15hm^2余。该地位于长江口南岸,距离上海市区22km,其东南方向即为长江入海口,西侧毗邻沪崇苏大通道约400m,东靠赵家沟入江河口,是一个理想的建港选址点。     

Glucuronidation in the polar bear (Ursus maritimus)

Polar bears bioaccumulate lipophilic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), into their bodies from their exclusive diet of marine organisms. Hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-PCBs) have been found in plasma, presumably due to CYP-dependent biotransformation of PCBs in liver. Little is known about the phase 2 metabolism of hydroxylated xenobiotics in polar bears. The objective of this study was to examine UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity with OH-PCBs and a hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 3-hydroxy-benzo(a)pyrene (3-OH-BaP), in polar bear liver. Samples of frozen polar bear liver were used to prepare microsomes. UGT activity with 3-OH-BaP in Brij-treated microsomes, measured by a fluorescence assay, was readily measurable with protein concentrations in assay tubes of up to 10 g/ml, but dropped off very sharply at higher protein concentrations. The apparent Km for 3-OH-BaP was 1.71 +/- 0.04 microM, and Vmax 1.26 +/- 0.16 nmol/min/mg protein (mean +/- SD, n=3). UGT activities with a model tetrachloro-OH-PCB (4'-OH-CB72) and a model hexachloro-OH-PCB (4'-OH-CB159) were assayed with [14-C]-UDPGA and separation of the [14-C]-glucuronide by ion-pair extraction and thin-layer chromatography. [14-C]-glucuronide conjugates were readily formed by polar bear liver microsomes in the absence of added substrate, apparently from contaminants present in liver. This phenomenon was not observed using hepatic microsomes from laboratory-held catfish. Glucuronidation efficiency was much higher with 4'-OH-CB72 (Km 7.3 microM; Vmax 1.55 nmol/min/mg) than 4'-OH-CB159 (Km 16.1 microM; Vmax 0.46 nmol/min/mg). The identities of the aglycones present in polar bear liver are not known, but could include OH-PCBs or hydroxylated metabolites of other persistent organic pollutants. This study demonstrates that UGT with high activity for 3-OH-BaP and other substrates is present in polar bear liver.     

极性分子型电流变液导电机理研究

极性分子型电流变液是一种新型的电流变材料.其介电颗粒上吸附极性分子,极性分子在颗粒间强局域电场作用下发生取向是产生巨电流变效应的关键.通过对Ca—Ti—O(CTO)体系极性分子型电流变液电流密度的测量发现,其导电行为遵从Poole-Frenkel效应的规律,这是极性分子型电流变液的重要特征之一.而500 ℃处理过的CTO粉体不含极性分子,所配制的电流变液无巨电流变效应,其电流密度随外电场强度近似地呈线性关系,显示出传统电流变液特性.     

Physical oceanography instrumentation for the polar regions: areview

The development of measurement systems for physical oceanography in polar regions is summarized, and selected instruments are described. Some instruments have been developed simply to provide access to the environment. Since hydrographic data are very sparse for large, inaccessible areas of the Arctic Ocean, hydrographic buoys have been developed that make long-term measurements of water temperature and conductivity as they drift through remote regions. Other instruments have been developed to take advantage of the unique platform the ice provides allowing measurements that cannot be performed in the open ocean. Instrumentation has also been developed to measure processes that are unique to ice-covered regions