高精度缓冲区边界相向逼近求交算法研究及实验

针对海洋划界等距离线/中间线方法中双方距离比例不为1∶1时的海洋划界存在的不足,探讨了基于欧氏平面的距离等比例线法及其后续研究存在的精度无法满足海洋划界的实际应用需求的问题,提出了基于地球椭球体解算距离等比例线的高精度缓冲区边界相向逼近求交算法,并阐述了该算法的基本原理和实现步骤,最后结合海洋划界实例,对该算法的有效性进行了验证。     

典型海上划界协定方法研究

从阐述多种常用的海上划界方法入手,着重介绍利用中间线法则计算划界线的方法,并详细论述了划界基线的"平行线"技术。最终将计算结果与中越北部湾海上划界协定进行比对,通过分析计算结果与实践数据的差异,寻找划界实践中的影响因素以及影响权重,为以后的国家海上划界实践提供技术参考。     

海域勘界技术的应用

制订划界方案是海域勘界工作的核心工作，包括资料分析、初拟划界草案、草案协调和协商等阶段．大多数海域界线需要分段划分．勘界实践表明，不同界线及其不同区段的界线必须运用不同的划界技术，如垂直岸线法、水道（航道）中心线法、协议线法、习惯线法、中点连线法、用海界线法及岛礁中间线法等．草案协调是勘界工作的难点，必须采取背靠背协调、面对面协商及反复沟通等方法，促成双方达成共识．     

高精度距离等比例线法海洋划界模型研究

分析表明，目前国内外只对距离等比例线法海洋划界模型作了初步的研究，所建立的模型仍然停留在欧氏平面或地图投影平面上，无法满足海洋划界对分界线点位精度的要求。为改变这种局面，提出并建立了一种全新的基于地球椭球体缓冲区构建技术的高精度距离等比例线法——椭球面距离等比例水线法海洋划界模型。     

专属经济区和大陆架划界(二)

公平原则——海上划界的基本原则 划界原则决定着划界方法的选用,直接影响到划界的结果,因而受到各沿海国的高度重视。第三次联合国海洋法会议有关海上划界争论的焦点就是划界原则问题。在讨论过程中产生了所谓的“公平原则”集团和“中间线”集团,这两个对立的利益集团在会上长期争论不     

中日东海划界问题的国际法分析

自2005年5月“春晓事件”发生以来,日本方面以所谓国际法依据和“吸管效应”指责中方侵害其海洋权益,导致中日东海划界问题成为各方关注的焦点。在东海划界问题上,日方主张所谓“中间线”方案,并以所谓“中间线原则是强制性原则”和“专属经济区制度已取代大陆架制度”的论点作为支持其方案的重要国际法依据。文章从国际法的两个渊源——国际条约和国际习惯入手,推翻了日方的这两个依据。     

试论海洋划界的原则及其内涵

通常讲来,我国的“海洋国土”面积有300×104,但有的国际组织估算,我国专属经济区的面积大约是135.6×104km2。前者的计算,在黄海和东海采用公平原则划分海域,在南海采用断续国界线内的面积[1];后者可能是按中间线原则划分中国海域的。由于我国海域疆界尚未划定,可以说这两个估计,前者是我国管辖海域的最大值,后者则是最小值。从两个估计值的巨大差别可以看到划界原则和划界方法研究的重要性。1　海洋划界的公平原则海洋划界早期主要是大陆架划界,随着专属经济区制度的形成与确立,专属经济区划界也逐渐产生。在第3次联合国海洋法会议上,海洋…     

海域划界中等距离线方法的应用研究

等距离线方法是从一些沿海国的领海划界实践中发展起来的 ,已经在国际海域划界中得到广泛应用 .本文通过对其在条约法律中的规定、演变 ,国际判例和我国省际间海域勘界实践的深入分析 ,探讨了等距离线方法在海域划界中的法律地位和作用 ,对于省际海域划界中正确理解和准确运用等距离线方法具有一定借鉴意义     

从国际海洋法实践看中日东海划界争议

长期以来,中国与日本在东海大陆架与专属经济区的划分上存在着分歧.中国主张"大陆架自然延伸"归属原则,日本主张"等距离中间线"划分原则.本文从国际法理论与实践的角度,分析中日东海争议缘由,阐述两国在东海划界问题上的不同主张,并着重对两国的主张进行法理分析,以探讨解决该问题的前景.     

专属经济区和大陆架划界(四)——“成比例”概念和作用

“成比例”概念产生于大陆架划界中,指有关各国大陆架的面积应与其岸线长度成合理的比例。1969年国际法院在北海大陆架划界案中首先提出了“成比例”概念,指出“应当考虑的最后一个因素是按照公平原则所完成的划界在归属于有关国家的大陆架范围和各自海岸线长度之间所应产生的合理比例的要素”。此后“成比例”概念在大陆架划界中起着日益重要的作用。     

海洋划界法理与领海基点信息系统建立

以研究《联合国海洋法公约》及相关法律文书为出发点,探讨海洋划界理论与技术,分析我国领海现状,在此基础上提出领海基点信息管理与应用,建立领海基点信息数据库,进而实际制作领海基点信息系统。     

层次分析法在黄河口河海划界中的应用

黄河口河海划界涉及到法律、管理和科学3个子系统,是1个多准则的决策问题.本文是在黄河口生物地球化学(科学)指标对河海划界的基础上,进一步运用层次分析法,对法律、管理和科学指标下的不同方案进行定性和定量分析,采用分解、判断、综合的决策思维,得出在综合考虑法律、管理和科学的准则下,地质指标(地形法)为海陆划界的优选方案,即黄河口河海划界在距离新滩油田浮桥A03站位以东的2 km处 .     

国际海洋边界划定与目前状况

本文简要描述了国际海洋边界划定与目前状况，其内容包括海洋边界划定，边界划定与海洋法，世界海洋区域及美国、俄罗斯划界概况和专属经济区与大陆架等问题。文章呼呈我国应加速海洋立法过程，尽快划出专属经济区与大陆架边界。     

Maritime limits and boundaries

The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea is attempting to codify international law for the use of ocean space. While the process of negotiations continues and many political‐legal problems remain to be solved, certain issues appear to be at, or near, a stage of general agreement. A major element of the emerging consensus involves the “baseline,” the line from which all claims to zones of sovereignty or jurisdiction are measured. In addition, the Conference has generally accepted a breadth of 12 nautical miles for the sovereign territorial sea and 200 nautical miles for a coastal state zone of economic competence. An acceptable definition, in a legal sense, of the continental shelf seems to be provided. A major problem in the division of ocean space among States involves the delimitation of boundaries between adjacent States—those sharing a common land boundary—and opposite States—those situated so as to face each other across bodies of water. The issue remains divisive. The final treaty or convention, if successfully negotiated, will not, however, address technical issues. These important problems will have to be resolved by scientists and technicians concerned with the earth measurements in the post‐treaty era.     

Preliminary considerations on the potential influence of submarine fans on marine delimitation

The complex issues associated with marine delineation for the outer limit of continental shelf and the boundary delimitation have provoked considerable attention among researchers in a variety of academic circles, particularly in the juristic filed and the geo-science field. In the present contribution, we start from an overview of submarine fans, as one of common types of sediment-deposit bodies in the ocean, and ex- plore the related geological features which may be of relevance to the marine delimitation in accordance with the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. We carry out a comparative assessment of certain significant geological features of submarine fans, using the Bengal fan as an example, which is the biggest submarine fan in the world and represents an important factor in the maritime boundary dispute between the neighboring states currently. The relationship between the special geological bodies and the international principle in the 1982 United Nations Convention can be established by combining geological and juristic analyses. This preliminary observation on the effect of submarine bodies both on the marine entitlement and boundary delimitation indicates that it is important for the international society to appro- priately deal with this problem so that the marine right of any state can be protected.     

一种新的从船用X波段雷达图像中确定波向的方法

船用X波段雷达被广泛应用于海洋表面波观测和研究。本文给出了一种新的从船用X波段雷达图像中确定主波传播方向的方法。X波段雷达图像中的海浪信号具有明显的尺度性和方向性。同时，curvelet变换作为一种同时具备尺度分辨率和方向分辨率的数学变换，能够对一幅雷达图像在不同尺度、不同方向和不同位置上进行分析。对一幅雷达图像进行curvelet分解并获得curvelet系数后，波浪信号主要集中在某些特定尺度和方向的curvelet系数中，从而我们可以获得带有 方向模糊的波传播方向。进而，通过计算几幅连续采集图像的互相关系数可以消除 方向模糊。同步观测的雷达图像和浮标数据证明了该方法的有效性。     

Sea trials and application of a numerical method for the analysis of the ocean current displacement phenomena of demersal longlines

In this study, a numerical method for the analysis of the sinking speed of demersal longlines was developed to obtain further insight into the ocean current displacement of demersal longlines. The sinking speed is one of the main factors affecting the extent of current displacement, which is the horizontal movement of longlines due to ocean currents.To improve the accuracy of the model, bait properties were investigated in a flume tank, and the resistance coefficients of full scale models based on different bait shapes, sizes and orientations were established. The numerical method was verified by full scale experiments conducted in the sea.In the theoretical analysis, the sinking speed of a Norwegian commercial longline was calculated. Current-related data of a common longlining area in Norway were obtained from the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and were used to calculate the ocean current displacement of a demersal longline. The results show the ocean current displacement of longlines, and make to expect a decrease in the fishing efficiency.     

底部呈二维缓变情况下超大型浮体水弹性响应的两种计算方法比较

超大型浮体在海洋资源开发和海洋空间利用方面有重要应用前景.非均匀海洋环境中的水弹性响应是其应用中的一个重要问题.在近海中最典型的非均匀海洋环境当属由于底部变化引起的非均匀现象.本文分别采用多重尺度法（零阶近似）和常规的有限水深势流格林函数边界积分法,对底部呈二维缓变情况下超大型浮体的水弹性响应问题进行了研究和对比,并与实验工况进行了对照.两种方法与试验结果吻合较好,证明非均匀海洋环境确实对超大型浮体的水弹性响应具有一定的影响.     

THE COMPUTATION OF OPTIMUM OCEAN SHIP ROUTING

A computational method for the ocean ship routing based on optimization theory is presented in this paper. In the computational programme "breaking circle method" is used, by which a principal contradictory line can be obtained in the operations research. The automatic selection of calculating network and the initial values have been realized. The quantitative estimation for the change of navigating speed under the different conditions of ocean wave and current has been done. The objectivly quantitative computational method is provided for ocean ship routing and forecast service following ship tracks. The calculating examples and practical experiments of ships have proved that this computational method is highly effective.