舟山渔场及其邻近海域水团的季节特征

根据2001年夏季和2002年冬季两次现场调查所收集的CTD和营养盐资料,利用模糊聚类分析法,对舟山渔场及其邻近海域水团的季节特征进行了分析.结果表明,舟山渔场及其邻近海域水团的配置、分布范围、温盐特性和营养盐含量都有明显的季节特征.其中,冬季在全海域共有3个水团(江浙沿岸水、台湾暖流表层水和黄海混合水),而夏季则存在4个水团(江浙沿岸水、台湾暖流表层水、台湾暖流深层水和黄海混合水);冬季,江浙沿岸水的分布范围较小,温度偏低,盐度略高,营养盐偏高,而夏季,其分布范围较大,温度偏高,盐度偏低,营养盐偏低;冬季,台湾暖流表层水北伸最强,厚度最厚,温度最低,盐度最高,硅酸盐和硝酸盐偏高,而夏季,则北伸最弱,厚度最薄,温度最高,盐度最低,硅酸盐和硝酸盐偏低;台湾暖流深层水是一个季节性水团,它含有较丰富的营养盐;黄海混合水的分布范围和营养盐含量也都呈现出明显的季节特征.     

南黄海春季海水化学要素的分布特征及其受控因素

基于2007年4月对南黄海调查所得资料,对海水化学要素的分布特征及影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明,受浮游植物光合作用的影响,南黄海中北部上层海域出现了DO、pH的高值区以及营养盐的低值区,而底层则因有机物的分解,DO和pH较低而营养盐含量较高;受苏北沿岸水、长江冲淡水和/或台湾暖流前缘混合水的影响,南黄海西南部海域表、底层DO含量均较低,但却为营养盐的最高值区,且表层水中无机氮盈余状况的分布与该海域环流状况、尤其是苏北沿岸水的扩展途径密切相关,表现为无机氮相对过剩,而无机磷相对缺乏;南黄海西部沿岸流对营养盐往东南方向的输运态势较为明显,同时,首次从营养盐分布的角度揭示了这一水动力过程;受苏北沿岸水、黄海暖流以及两者之间的南黄海西部沿岸流主体的影响,南黄海斜断面上海水化学要素的分布具有明显的区域化特征和空间结构。     

台湾海峡西部营养盐变化特征——Ⅱ.水系混合及浮游植物摄取转移对无机氮含量变化影响的统计分析

本文取自福建海岸带和台湾海峡西部调查的盐度、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氨以及浮游植物的资料进行统计和相关分析.通过无机氮(NO_3+NO_2+NH_4)与盐度之间的相关程度,对沿岸水系(闽浙沿岸流、粤东沿岸流、大陆河口水)与外海水系(黑潮分支、南海水)交错混合过程中无机氮变化特征进行探讨.通过距离回归线偏差的平面分布,结合浮游植物平面分布特征,以及参考台湾海峡西部水文调查资料,讨论了无机氮的增补和转移现象.     

台湾海峡二氧化碳研究

本文根据１９９４年８月和１９９５年２月的台湾海峡进行的综合调查资料,对海水Ｔｏｏ２、Ｐｏｏ２的分布特征及其与环境参数的关系进行了研究,并利用通量模式估算了海－气ＣＯ２的净通量。结果显示,表层Ｔｏｏ２、Ｐｏｏ２的分布呈明显的季节变化特征,由于夏季受海峡暖流的影响,台湾海峡表层Ｔｏｏ２、Ｐｏｏ２普遍较高;冬季受浙闽沿岸水的影响,表层Ｔｏｏ２、Ｐｏｏ２呈海峡西部低,东部高的分布趋势。台湾海峡可视为沿岸水     

密度及跃层分析

一、密度分析 (一)概况 浅海中的密度(σ_t)主要是盐度和温度的函数,它随着盐度的增高而增大,随着水温的增高而减小。在空间分布上,靠近大陆沿岸受沿岸水和长江冲淡水的影响,盐度变化较大,密度分布主要决定于盐度分布,而外海盐度变化较小,密度分布就主要决定于温度。 本区的盐度分布不均匀。东部和东南部因受黑潮水系的影响,盐度终年较高,因此条件密度也较高。在长江口附近,夏季由于冲淡水的影响,盐度较低,温度较高,密度     

北海湾无机磷和溶解氧的空间分布及其相互关系研究

利用１９９８年１０月和１９９９年１月、４月、８月的调查资料,对北海湾无机磷与溶解氧的空间分布及其相互关系进行了分析研究。结果表明：该湾无机磷含量主要受北海、合浦沿岸排污的影响,南流江中岸水影响不大;溶解氧的空间分布表面上以沿岸水的影响,实际了浮游植物强烈的光合作用起主导作用;该湾△Ｏ２ｌ△Ｐ比为１：２９０,与Ｒｅｄｆｉｅｌｄ提出的理论值１：２７６相比偏高,从理论上表明了北海湾溶解氧主要以产氧的浮游     

第三节 密度及跃层分析

浅海中的密度(σ1)主要是盐度和温度的函数，它随着盐度的增高而增大，随着水温的增高而减小。在空间分布上，靠近大陆沿岸受沿岸水和长江冲淡水的影响，盐度变化较大，密度分布主要决定于盐度分布，而外海盐度变化较小，密度分布就主要决定于温度a。     

渤海南部沿岸水运移及渤黄海水体交换的季节变化

针对渤海及附近海区的曲折岸线变化以及水文资料时空分布不均匀性的特点,使用四维客观分析LOESS方法得到逐月气候态盐度场。结果表明:渤海南部沿岸水扩展和运移受季风影响显著。冬季沿岸水向渤海湾和莱州湾堆积,形成沿山东半岛龙口海岸东向爬行的水舌,该水舌在蓬莱水域向东扩展;夏季沿岸水向渤海中部冲溢,特别是在黄河口附近,其核心区厚度可达8 m,可扩展到119°30′E处,同时莱州湾内的沿岸水向湾内西部收缩。冬季渤海海峡呈现显著"北进南出"水交换态势;夏季渤海海峡定常流方式的水交换特征不明显。     

北黄海温盐分布季节变化特征分析

利用2006～2007年夏冬春秋4个季节北黄海的大面调查资料,分析了4个季节北黄海温度和盐度大面以及典型断面分布特征,得出以下结论:2007年冷水团势力范围强于2006年,北黄海冷水团的形成受地形影响.黄海暖流冬春季较强,冬季最强,夏季最弱,秋季开始形成.鲁北沿岸流冬季最强,春季减弱,夏秋季消失,但夏季鲁北沿岸存在冬季鲁北沿岸流水的残余体,即鲁北沿岸水.辽南沿岸水4个季节都以低盐为特征,除夏季低盐中心位于庄河口外,其它3个季节低盐中心均位于调查区域的东北角.渤海与北黄海之间的水交换4个季节都存在.春季,断面盐跃层形成滞后于温跃层;秋季,断面盐跃层消失滞后于温跃层.     

北海市沿岸风暴潮特征研究

根据1965—2009年间影响北海市沿岸的热带气旋资料和风暴增水资料,进行统计分析北海市沿岸的风暴潮特征。结果表明:北海市沿岸平均每年发生风暴增水2—3次,其中较大以上强度的风暴增水每年0.87次,严重以上强度的风暴增水每3年有一次;北海市沿岸每年4—11月均有可能发生风暴增水,且集中在7—10月,尤以9月最多。影响北海市沿岸的热带气旋主要以西北行路径为主,且多是穿过雷州半岛或海南岛后在越南沿海登陆,此种情况下,风暴增水曲线表现为周期性波动。另外,本文还采用Pearson-Ⅲ分布和Gumbel分布来估算风暴增水频度,得出北海市沿岸不同重现期的高潮位值。     

渤、黄、东海悬浮物质量浓度冬、夏季变化的数值模拟

采用HAMSOM三维正压水动力模型结合粒子追踪的悬浮颗粒物输运模型模拟了渤、黄、东海悬浮物质量浓度冬、夏季变化。模拟结果显示,潮流和底质对悬浮物质量浓度的分布有决定性的作用,沉积物再悬浮对悬浮物质量浓度分布影响大,冬季尤为显著。莱州湾中西部和渤海湾南部悬浮物终年维持高质量浓度,古黄河口冬季再悬浮物的质量浓度高于其它季节的。长江口附近悬浮物终年维持高质量浓度,夏季长江口东北悬浮物的质量浓度高于冬季的,浙江沿岸冬季悬浮物的质量浓度高于夏季的。     

珠江口水域化学耗氧量(COD)的分布特征

2002年5月和8 月对珠江口伶仃洋水域水质化学耗氧量(COD)进行了调查研究,结果表明:该水域近期 COD 含量变幅在 0.41 ～ 2.72 mg·L-1 之间,平均值为 1.21 mg·L-1;区域分布呈北部向南部水域逐渐递减以及近岸水域含量大于远岸的变化趋势;夏季 COD 的含量高于春季;以我国Ⅰ类海水水质 COD 含量≤2 mg·L-1 标准评价,超标率为 15 %;COD 含量与同期(春、夏季)的悬浮物含量呈正相关性,与无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量在夏季呈负相关性。     

车由岛附近海域营养盐分布特征

由于车由岛周海域水比较浅，上下层混合得比较充分，营养盐的垂直分布较均匀，但在水平方向上差别较大。各种营养盐受生物活动、降雨和陆地经流的影响，有明显的季节变化。活性磷、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的浓度在冬季最高，春季最低；氨氮和活性硅的浓度则相反，夏季最高，秋季最低。     

Nutrient enrichment and phytoplankton response in an Adriatic karstic estuary

Nutrients, chlorophyll a, primary production (¹⁴C), and standard oceanographic parameters were measured seasonally from 1983 to 1988 along the axis of a karstic estuary of the central Adriatic Sea (the Krka River estuary). Because of anthropogenic phosphorus discharges, the surface-layer orthophosphate concentrations (up to 1.7 mmol m⁻³), phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a up to 23 mg m⁻³) and primary production (up to 108 mg C m⁻³ h⁻¹) were significantly higher in ibenik Bay (lower estuary) than in the other estuarine subregions, and the coastal sea in particular. In contrast, nitrate and orthosilicate (up to 59 and 65 mmol m⁻³, respectively) distributions during autumn and winter were ascribed to dilution of Krka River nutrients along the estuary. As a consequence, the surface-layer inorganic N/P ratio was extremely high in the upper estuary (averages up to 180), but this ratio was reduced up to three times in ibenik Bay and the coastal sea. In spring and summer, nitrate and orthosilicate, but not orthophosphate, were almost exhausted from the water because of biological utilization. In the saline layer below the halocline (depth 2–5 m) oxygen saturation varied over a large range, particularly in the upper estuary (16–176%), and nutrient concentration ratios differed from those in the surface layer. A nutrient regeneration stoichiometric model was derived, based on a linear regression analysis: AOU:Si:N:P = 276:16:6:0.4. Anthropogenic nutrient inputs should be urgently reduced to re-establish a natural nutrient environment.     

台湾海峡表层沉积物中重矿物特征及其物质来源

台湾海峡重矿物平均分布0.95%,其分布由西岸向东岸递减;由北部经台湾浅滩朝粤东方向缓慢递减。碎屑矿物46种,以角闪石、绿帘石、磁铁矿、钛铁矿、褐铁矿和片状矿物为主,它们占重矿物含量的67%。据主要重矿物含量将海峡分成8个矿物组合区。碎屑矿物来自海峡两岸基岩,通过河流搬运入海,有部分片状矿物为海峡以北的物质随浙闽沿岸流进入海峡而沉积。其海绿石是台湾西岸、澎湖岛第三系或第四系含海绿石岩层剥蚀后搬运入海沉积而成的。台湾浅滩的残留沉积物为晚更新世低海面时期的河口滨海相沉积物。由于处在开放的海洋环境,至今没有接受现代沉积。残留沉积物中的磁铁矿、钛铁矿、锆石等重矿物相对富集,含量高于近源海域,有可能赋存浅海砂矿。     

Modelling Salt Intrusion and Nitrate Concentrations in the Ythan Estuary

A one-dimensional salt intrusion model is used to investigate the hydrography of the Ythan estuary, a small shallow macrotidal estuary in the north-east of Scotland. The model simulates the longitudinal distributions of water level, salinity and total oxidized nitrogen (TON) in the estuary. The model employs upstream differencing and the Smolarkiewicz anti-diffusion scheme to avoid the numerical difficulties typically encountered when modelling strong tidal flows using centred differences. The physical mechanisms driving the simulations are the tide at the entrance to the estuary and freshwater discharge at the head. The model was calibrated against measurements of water level made at three locations in the estuary, salinity observations made at a central platform and axial salinity distributions. At both spring and neap tides, the full range of salinity observed at the central platform was simulated. However, at the midway stage between springs and neaps, the simulated peak salinity was less than that observed. This was probably due to the sensitivity of the model to the digitisation of the estuarine bathymetry.The model successfully simulated salinity distributions for periods of high and low river flow, and was used to illustrate how TON concentrations fluctuated in response to variations in river flow. The potential implications of variations in the bathymetry of the estuary on salinity and nutrient distributions were predicted to be slight. However, the four fold increase in riverine TON concentrations that has occurred over the past 30 years was shown to increase TON distributions along the entire length of the estuary. The calculated estuary flushing time was strongly dependent on river flow and varied between 11–60 h.     

2018年6月上海近海海域潮流特征分析

采用短期资料的潮流准调和分析方法,对2018年6月上海近海海域9个站位的同步潮流资料进行分析。分析结果表明:该海域潮流涨落潮不等现象显著,大部分站位的落潮流历时长于涨潮流历时,长江口内(C1~C3)落潮流最大流速远大于涨潮;该海域基本以半日潮为主,同时存在规则半日潮和不规则半日潮,考虑到该海域浅海分潮流具有较大的比重,潮流性质应为不规则半日潮浅海潮流的类型;大部分站位各层的运动形式以往复流为主;大部分站位的余流流速表现为表层>中层>底层,大致呈现自西向东流。     

Flow and geochemistry of groundwater beneath a back-barrier lagoon: The subterranean estuary at Chincoteague Bay,Maryland, USA

To better understand large-scale interactions between fresh and saline groundwater beneath an Atlantic coastal estuary, an offshore drilling and sampling study was performed in a large barrier-bounded lagoon, Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA. Groundwater that was significantly fresher than overlying bay water was found in shallow plumes up to 8 m thick extending more than 1700 m offshore. Groundwater saltier than bay surface water was found locally beneath the lagoon and the barrier island, indicating recharge by saline water concentrated by evaporation prior to infiltration. Steep salinity and nutrient gradients occur within a few meters of the sediment surface in most locations studied, with buried peats and estuarine muds acting as confining units. Groundwater ages were generally more than 50 years in both fresh and brackish waters as deep as 23 m below the bay bottom. Water chemistry and isotopic data indicate that freshened plumes beneath the estuary are mixtures of water originally recharged on land and varying amounts of estuarine surface water that circulated through the bay floor, possibly at some distance from the sampling location. Ammonium is the dominant fixed nitrogen species in saline groundwater beneath the estuary at the locations sampled. Isotopic and dissolved-gas data from one location indicate that denitrification within the subsurface flow system removed terrestrial nitrate from fresh groundwater prior to discharge along the western side of the estuary. Similar situations, with one or more shallow semi-confined flow systems where groundwater geochemistry is strongly influenced by circulation of surface estuary water through organic-rich sediments, may be common on the Atlantic margin and elsewhere.     

The Study of Fish Eggs, Larvae and Juveniles of the Estuary at Beitang

The fish eggs, larvae and juveniles were collected during 25 cruises from April to No-vember 1980 and 1981 respectively. They were represented by 40 species, 36 genera, 19families and 9 orders. According to their habit, the fish eggs, larvae and juveniles couldbe referred to three types: (1) shallow sea and estuary type; (2) migration type of outersea; (3) fresh water type. The shallow sea and estuary species were 29 in number, occu-pying 72.5% of the total; the migration species were 3 in number, occupying 7.5% of thetotal; the fresh water species were 8 in number occupying 20% of the total.     

泉州大港湾海水、沉积物及水产生物体内重金属的含量分布

根据1997年7月大港湾海域环境调查资料,着重分析了大港湾海水、表层沉积物及水产生物体内重金属的含量及分布。结果表明：大港湾海水中Cu,Pb,Cd,Zn的含量均低于渔业水质标准,大港湾湾顶水域,海水和表层沉积物中Cu,Pb,Cd,Zn的含最明显高于湾口水域：湾南部水域高于北部水域。文中还根据《海洋沉积物质量》、《无公害食品》、《食品中锌限量卫生标准》、《海洋生物质量》标准对表层沉积物和6种水产生物的重金属污染程度进行评价,结果大港湾的水产生物体内的重金属含量均未超标,但沉积物中的Cd含量已超标。