南海深海氮循环微生物的原位培养与多样性分析

目的：探讨中焦宣痹汤对痛风性关节炎患者血清及关节滑膜液炎性因子水平的影响。方法：将90例痛风性关节炎患者随机分为2组，每组各45例。对照组采用依托考昔片治疗，治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加中焦宣痹汤治疗。对比2组综合疗效及血清、关节滑膜液炎性因子水平。结果：总有效率治疗组为95.56%，对照组为60.00%，组间比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组血清及关节组织滑膜液中各项炎性因子水平治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：中焦宣痹汤治疗痛风性关节炎可有效改善患者临床症状，降低血清及关节滑膜液炎性因子水平。     

基于TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路研究参苓白术散对IBS-D大鼠的干预机制

目的：基于TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路研究参苓白术散对腹泻型肠易激综合征（IBS-D）大鼠的干预机制。方法：将48只大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、匹维溴铵组［20 mg/(kg·d）］、参苓白术散组［SLBZ组,1.44 g/（kg·d）］、TLR4抑制剂组［TAK-242组,1 mg/（kg·d）］、TLR4抑制剂+参苓白术散组（TAK-242+SLBZ组）,每组各8只。除空白组外,其余各组均采用4%乙酸构建IBS-D大鼠模型。造模成功后,各给药组给予相应的药物灌胃,连续7 d。观察大鼠一般情况,体质量及粪便Bristol评分,结肠组织病理学变化,血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平,结肠组织闭锁小带蛋白-1（ZO-1）、紧密连接蛋白（Occludin）、Toll样受体4（TLR4）、髓样分化因子88（MyD88）、核转录因子-κB p65（NF-κB p65）蛋白表达水平。结果：成功造模38只。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠体质量下降,粪便Bristol评分升高,HE染色可见炎症细胞浸润,血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β水平升高,结肠组织ZO-1与Occludin蛋白水平降低,TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB p65蛋白水平升高（P＜0.05）。与模型组比较,匹维溴铵组、SLBZ组、TAK-242组、TAK-242+SLBZ组大鼠体质量增加,粪便Bristol评分降低,HE染色炎症细胞浸润减少,血清IL-6、IL-1β及TNF-α水平均显著下降,ZO-1和Occludin蛋白表达水平升高,TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平下降（均P＜0.05）。与匹维溴铵组、SLBZ组、TAK-242组比较,TAK-242+SLBZ组大鼠结肠组织ZO-1与Occludin蛋白表达水平升高,TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平下降（均P＜0.05）。结论：参苓白术散可改善IBS-D大鼠腹泻症状,降低血清炎症因子水平,修复肠黏膜,其机制可能是通过调控TLR4 /MyD88 /NF-kB信号通路来达到减轻肠道炎症反应的目的。     

蠲痹历节清方对高尿酸血症模型大鼠干预作用的实验研究

目的：研究蠲痹历节清方对高尿酸血症模型大鼠的干预作用及机制。方法：将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,苯溴马隆组,蠲痹历节清方低、中、高剂量组,每组各10只。采用连续8d氧嗪酸钾100 mg/kg腹腔注射和次黄嘌呤500 mg/kg灌胃的方法复制高尿酸血症大鼠模型。实验第4天给予造模剂30 min后,各组分别予对应治疗药物干预,连续5 d。检测各组血尿酸（SUA）、血肌酐（SCr）和血尿素氮（BUN）含量,并观察肾脏组织病理变化。结果：与空白组比较,模型组大鼠SUA、BUN升高（P<0.05）,肾脏病理改变明显,提示造模成功;与模型组比较,蠲痹历节清方低、中、高剂量组SUA、BUN均降低,且随着剂量升高,SUA水平下降越明显（P<0.05）,各给药组大鼠肾脏组织病理改变较模型组均有不同程度的改善;各组SCr水平组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：蠲痹历节清方有明显的降尿酸作用,可改善模型大鼠肾脏组织病理损伤,保护肾功能,且降尿酸作用与肾损伤的治疗效果随着给药剂量的增加而越显著。     

艾灸对实验性类风湿性关节炎家兔炎症因子、骨桥蛋白及血管内皮细胞生长因子的影响

目的：观察艾灸对实验性类风湿性关节炎（RA）家兔炎症因子白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、白细胞介素-17（IL-17）和滑膜液中骨桥蛋白（OPN）、血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）表达的影响,进一步探索艾灸治疗RA的效应机制。方法：选用CL级日本大耳白兔30只,随机分为空白组、RA模型组、治疗组,每组各10只。采用弗氏完全佐剂（FCA）法建立RA模型。造模后第7天,治疗组采用艾灸（悬灸）肾俞、足三里,每穴各灸5壮,每天1次,以6 d为1个疗程,共干预3个疗程;空白组、RA模型组不做任何干预。检测各组外周血IL-10、IL-17和滑膜液OPN、VEGF的含量,观察滑膜组织中OPN的表达。结果：RA模型组、治疗组IL-17、OPN及VEGF含量均较空白组明显升高（P<0.01）,IL-10明显降低（P<0.01）,治疗组各指标水平均优于RA模型组（P<0.01）。与空白组相比,RA模型组、治疗组滑膜组织OPN阳性表达增加（P<0.01）,治疗组OPN表达低于RA模型组（P<0.05）。结论：艾灸对实验性RA家兔滑膜炎症的抑制作用可能是通过调节OPN的表达,进而调节相关炎症因子及VEGF的表达,参与对RA滑膜炎症及血管翳形成的调节,其可能为艾灸治疗RA有效的内在机制。     

象皮生肌膏对压疮模型大鼠创面愈合的影响及其作用机制研究

目的：探讨象皮生肌膏对压疮模型大鼠创面愈合的影响及其作用机制。方法：将72只大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、湿润烧伤膏组、象皮生肌膏组,每组各18只。空白组不予造模,其余3组建立Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期压疮模型。造模成功后空白组与模型组给予0.9%氯化钠注射液冲洗,湿润烧伤膏组给予湿润烧伤膏外用,象皮生肌膏组给予象皮生肌膏外用。干预14 d。于干预第3、7、14天观察创面愈合率,组织病理情况,白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平,p38丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶（p38MAPK）、MAPK激活蛋白激酶2（MK2）蛋白表达情况。结果：与模型组比较,湿润烧伤膏组、象皮生肌膏组治疗第3、7、14天创面愈合率均升高（P<0.05）。组织病理结果显示,治疗第14天,模型组可见少量毛细血管,湿润烧伤膏组、象皮生肌膏组可见大量成纤维细胞,毛细血管丰富。湿润烧伤膏组、象皮生肌膏组治疗第3、7、14天IL-6、TNF-α、VEGF、p38MAPK蛋白、MK2蛋白含量与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。象皮生肌膏组治疗第7、14天IL-6含量及第7天TNF-α、VEGF含量与湿润烧伤膏组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：象皮生肌膏能促进压疮创面修复,其作用机制可能与抑制p38MAPK、MK2蛋白表达,减少IL-6、TNF-α释放、调控VEGF合成有关。     

基于氧化应激探讨复方葶苈子汤降低COPD-PAH大鼠肺动脉压的作用机制

目的：观察复方葶苈子汤对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）相关性肺动脉高压（PAH）大鼠模型氧化应激的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：采用随机数字表法将50只SD大鼠分为正常组、模型组及中药低、中、高剂量组。除正常组以外,其余各组大鼠均采用烟熏加气管滴注脂多糖构建COPD-PAH模型。造模后第2天开始灌胃干预,每天2次,连续2周,中药低、中、高剂量组灌胃剂量分别为2.50 g/kg、5.00 g/kg、10.00 g/kg,模型组灌胃0.9%氯化钠注射液10 ml/kg。观察大鼠的一般情况;测量大鼠的肺功能、平均肺动脉压力（mPAP）;HE染色观察其肺组织肺血管病理形态变化;检测大鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力值、环磷酸腺苷（MDA）含量、cAMP含量,肺组织中泛素连接酶2（Siah2）mRNA的相对表达量;检测肺组织细胞中Siah2、A激酶锚定蛋白（Akap121）的蛋白表达水平。结果：与模型组比较,中药各剂量组肺血管损伤重构减轻,mPAP下降（P<0.05）;大鼠血清中SOD活力值、MDA含量、cAMP含量、Siah2-RNA相对表达量,正常组与模型组、模型组与中药各剂量组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,中药各剂量组肺组织Siah2蛋白表达降低,AKAP-121蛋白表达上调,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：复方葶苈子汤可通过调控cAMP-Siah2-AKAP121通路来减少氧化应激对COPD-PAH大鼠的肺血管壁的损伤,降低肺动脉压。     

丹荔输通汤对慢性输卵管炎模型大鼠干预作用的实验研究

目的：观察丹荔输通汤对慢性输卵管炎模型大鼠的干预作用。方法：84只SD大鼠按体质量编号,随机抽取11只为空白组,余73只采用苯酚明胶造模法制备输卵管炎性阻塞性模型。将造模成功的66只实验大鼠随机分为6组,即模型组、中药高剂量灌胃+灌肠组（中药高剂量组）、中药中剂量灌胃+灌肠组（中药中剂量组）、中药低剂量灌胃+灌肠组（中药低剂量组）、中药中剂量灌胃组（中药灌胃组）、西药对照组（西药组）,每组各11只。模型组灌胃等容积0.9%氯化钠注射液,中药高、中、低剂量组及中药灌胃组分别给予灌胃、灌肠丹荔输通汤,对照组灌胃阿奇霉素混悬液与等容积0.9%氯化钠注射液。连续干预30d。观察各组大鼠的输卵管形态、组织病理学及肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）水平。结果：干预后,肉眼观察发现,与模型组相比,各用药组输卵管组织形态可见不同程度的改善。组织病理学结果显示,中药高剂量组输卵管形态及功能基本正常,中药中剂量组、中药灌胃组、西药组输卵管轻度炎症表现。与空白组比较,模型组TNF-α、IL-6表达升高,与模型组比较,各给药组TNF-α、IL-6表达均降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。与西药组比较,中药高、中剂量组TNF-α、IL-6表达降低（P<0.05）;中药高、中剂量组TNF-α、IL-6水平低于中药低剂量组、中药灌胃组,中药中剂量组TNF-α、IL-6水平低于中药灌胃组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：丹荔输通汤治疗慢性输卵管炎可能通过调节TNF-α、IL-6而抑制炎性反应,从而改善全身及局部组织炎症状态。     

关节软坚止痛片对兔膝骨关节炎关节液中IL-6及TNF-α的影响

目的：观察关节软坚止痛片对兔膝骨关节炎（KOA）模型血清及关节液中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的影响。方法：将40只新西兰兔随机分为5组：空白组、模型组、玻璃酸钠组（对照组）及关节软坚止痛片低、高剂量组（简称为低、高剂量组）,每组各8只。采用屈曲位石膏铁丝固定法建立兔KOA模型后进行药物干预。观察比较各组肉眼下股骨内外髁组织,血清及关节液中IL-6、TNF-α含量,光镜下软骨组织形态学及Mankin''s评分。结果：各组血清及关节液中IL-6、TNF-α水平及Mankin''s评分比较,模型组均高于空白组、对照组及低、高剂量组（P<0.05）,对照组均高于低、高剂量组（P<0.05）,低、高剂量组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。肉眼下股骨内外髁组织观察及光镜下软骨组织形态学观察结果显示：对照组及高、低剂量组均优于模型组,高、低剂量组均优于对照组。结论：关节软坚止痛片可治疗兔膝骨关节炎,其疗效优于玻璃酸钠注射液治疗,其作用机制可能与抑制IL-6、TNF-α等炎性因子表达有关。     

健脾益气方调控间隙连接蛋白43防治PD大鼠腹膜损伤的作用机制研究

目的：研究健脾益气方通过调控间隙连接蛋白（Cx）43干预腹膜透析大鼠腹膜间皮细胞转分化的作用机制。方法：将75只大鼠随机分为5组,即空白组、模型组、中药高剂量组、中药低剂量组、西药组,除空白组大鼠外,其余各组均采用5/6肾切除联合腹腔注射4.25％腹透液复制慢性肾衰竭腹膜纤维化大鼠模型。造模成功后,中药高、低剂量组给予健脾益气方,西药组给予阿托伐他汀钙,模型组给予0.9%氯化钠注射液,空白组不做任何处理。每天灌胃1次,连续4周。干预后光镜观察各组大鼠腹膜结构变化,测量腹膜致密层厚度;免疫组化法及蛋白质印迹法检测Cx43、蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（AKt/mTOR）通路和腹膜间皮细胞转分化（EMT）标志蛋白表达。结果：各组大鼠腹膜厚度及Cx43、pAKt、pmTOR、α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、E-钙黏附蛋白（E-cadherin）阳性面积比,空白组与模型组比较,中药高、低剂量组及西药组与模型组比较,中药高剂量组与西药组、中药低剂量组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。各组大鼠腹膜组织Cx43、pAKt、pmTOR、α-SMA、E-cadherin蛋白表达,空白组与模型组比较,中药高剂量组与西药组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：健脾益气方可能通过调控Cx43表达,干预Akt/mTOR信号通路介导的腹膜间皮细胞EMT进程,从而发挥保护腹膜间皮细胞、防治腹膜损伤的作用。     

宣痹汤加味联合电针治疗腰椎间盘突出症(湿热证）41例

目的：观察宣痹汤加味联合电针治疗腰椎间盘突出症（湿热证）的临床效果。方法：将腰椎间盘突出症（湿热证）患者82例随机分为2组，每组各41例。治疗组采用宣痹汤加味联合电针治疗，对照组采用双氯芬酸钠缓释片治疗。结果：总有效率治疗组为95.1%，对照组为75.6%，组间比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组VAS评分及ODI评分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：宣痹汤加味联合电针治疗腰椎间盘突出症（湿热证）临床疗效显著。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...