钢管脐带缆扭转平衡设计

钢管脐带缆包含多种螺旋缠绕的功能单元，其在外力载荷下会发生相对运动，而且钢管的刚度较大对扭转平衡有重要影响，因此，相对于普通电缆，钢管脐带缆在扭转平衡设计时更加困难。根据扭转平衡理论公式，采用控制变量法，以第二层铠装钢丝的绞合角度为变量进行扭转平衡设计。首先建立脐带缆缆芯有限元模型，对其施加拉伸载荷，结果显示缆芯出现了扭转，这证明不能将脐带缆缆芯视为一实心圆柱。其次建立不同绞合角度的脐带缆有限元模型，设置各功能单元的材料属性和摩擦系数，分析模型在拉伸载荷下的扭转角度，并将相同拉伸载荷下的扭转角度拟合为直线，从而得到钢管脐带缆在扭转平衡状态时的最优绞合角度。最后，采用试验方法对实物钢管脐带缆进行扭转平衡测试，测试结果显示在拉伸载荷下脐带缆单位长度扭转角度十分微小，这表明缆是扭转平衡的。因此验证了使用的有限元方法在钢管脐带缆扭转平衡设计中的有效性。     

组合载荷作用下深海非粘结柔性管力学性能对比分析

建立深海非粘结柔性管新型力学数值分析模型,分析其在复合载荷工况下的力学性能。深海非粘结柔性立管是深水资源开发的关键设备,安装成本低,适用于恶劣深海环境。然而,由于非粘结柔性管本身的结构型式复杂以及层与层之间的摩擦、接触等诸多强非线性特性,使其局部力学性能分析面临众多挑战。研究针对非粘结柔性立管特殊的结构型式,建立一个高效的数值分析模型,对其刚度进行数值求解并与实验结果进行对比,探讨了内压和拉伸、扭转、弯曲的组合载荷工况和拉扭组合载荷工况对非粘结柔性立管刚度的影响。研究表明,本文所建立的简化模型计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。此外,柔性立管所受到的内压可以在一定程度上增加非粘结柔性立管的刚度;拉扭组合载荷工况使非粘结柔性立管的拉伸刚度降低明显,而使其扭转刚度少量增加,总体上较单一载荷工况更加危险。     

考虑轴向荷载和外压影响的非黏结柔性管道骨架层失效分析

非黏结柔性管道骨架层由不锈钢材料互锁缠绕而成,主要用于抵抗外压防止软管发生压溃失效.骨架层失效是柔性软管故障的最大风险,骨架层失效模式主要分为压溃失效和拉伸失效.采用非线性有限元方法并且考虑几何大变形、材料非线性、接触和摩擦等非线性效应的影响,对"S"型骨架层结构建立三维有限元模型,进行了单外压作用下的压溃失效分析和单一轴向拉力作用下的拉伸失效分析,而后开展轴向拉力和外压载荷组合作用下骨架层压溃失效分析.结果表明轴向拉力会一定程度上降低骨架层压溃承载力,相关结论可以为柔性软管结构设计和完整性评价提供参考.     

考虑填充钢管脐带缆拉伸行为的有限元分析

脐带缆是连接平台或浮式生产系统与海底油井的控制管缆,缆芯由管单元、光纤单元、电缆单元、以及填充单元组装而成,缆体外层由铠装钢丝螺旋缠绕和聚合物护套组成。基于ANSYS有限元软件,建立无铠装含填充的钢管脐带缆三维有限元模型,在自由端可扭转、不可扭转约束条件下,计算模型的拉伸刚度,将拉伸刚度的数值模拟与理论结果进行对比,验证有限元模型的正确性;分析比较含填充与不含填充两种截面形式脐带缆模型的力学性能,结果表明:填充单元、拉伸率对脐带缆模型的拉伸刚度、最大等效应力模拟结果均有影响。     

非粘结柔性立管螺旋键缠绕角度敏感性分析

非粘结柔性立管结构形式复杂,层与层之间涉及摩擦、接触等非线性特性,使其数值模拟方面很难同时保证效率与精度。针对柔性立管特殊的结构形式,本文建立不同角度螺旋键的非粘结柔性立管高效分析简化模型,通过Ansys workbench软件分析非粘结柔性立管在内压和拉伸、扭转、弯曲的组合荷载工况下螺旋键缠绕角度对其刚度的影响。结果表明:本文所建立的立管简化分析模型与立管原型的力学性能吻合较好,并且可以提高计算效率;螺旋键缠绕角度越大,立管的扭转刚度越大,拉伸刚度与弯曲刚度越小;内压的施加对拉伸刚度、扭转刚度和弯曲刚度是有利的,内压对于弯曲刚度有较明显的增加,对拉伸刚度和扭转刚度有较小程度的增加。     

脐带缆铠装层参数对拉伸行为的影响分析

脐带缆用于连接水上浮体和水下生产系统,缆芯由钢管单元、光纤单元和电缆单元等组装而成,缆体外层是由铠装钢丝层螺旋缠绕以及聚合物外护套组装而成,截面结构复杂。利用ANSYS有限元通用软件建立双层铠装脐带缆的三维多层接触摩擦有限元模型,计算其截面拉伸刚度,将拉伸刚度数值模拟值与理论结果进行对比,验证有限元模型的正确性;分析比较铠装层不同缠绕角度、缠绕方式和钢丝直径下脐带缆模型的拉伸刚度。结果表明:铠装钢丝层缠绕方式、缠绕角度、铠装钢丝直径对双层铠装脐带缆模型的拉伸刚度、最大等效应力模拟结果均有影响。     

含填充单元脐带缆扭转行为的有限元分析

脐带缆是连接海洋平台与水下生产系统的控制管缆,扭转刚度是其重要参数之一。基于ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立无填充脐带缆数值模型,在允许拉伸和不可拉伸两种约束条件下,计算模型的扭转刚度,将扭转刚度的理论值和模拟值进行对比,验证了该模型的有效性;在此基础上建立了无填充、部分填充和密实填充三种脐带缆数值模型,对其扭转行为的力学性能进行分析。结果表明:填充单元、螺旋角度和单位长度扭转角对脐带缆模型的扭转性能有一定的影响。     

海洋玻纤增强热塑性柔性管的理论与数值分析

近年来海洋复合柔性管道逐渐在海洋工程中崭露头角。相对于钢管,复合柔性管凭借其弯曲性能好、重量轻、抗腐蚀能力强等一系列优异的性能在油气开采领域不断受到青睐。本文研究对象为一种三层粘结型玻璃纤维增强的热塑性复合柔性管,该类型管道包含外保护层(高密度聚乙烯HDPE)、中间复合材料增强层以及内衬层(高密度聚乙烯HDPE)。研究内容主要基于三维弹性理论和复合材料层合板理论,建立了玻纤增强热塑性复合柔性管的理论计算模型,推导了复合柔性管在轴对称载荷作用下的平衡微分方程,主要分析了管体在内压载荷作用下的应力与变形规律,并将理论计算结果与ABAQUS数值模拟结果进行比较分析,结论表明理论计算与数值仿真结果具有较好的一致性。最后基于该理论模型,研究了内衬层(外保护层)与增强层相对厚度对柔性管应力和变形的影响规律,结果表明管道的增强层为主要承载构件,在增强层纤维方向的应力远大于其他方向的应力,随着增强层从内向外扩展,纤维方向的应力逐渐减小,且内衬层(外保护层)厚度对管道整体的力学性能几乎没有影响。     

低温柔性管道关键结构层的多目标优化设计

低温柔性管道是海上浮式液化天然气装置系统(FLNG)的核心输运装备。针对低温柔性管道多材料、多层复合的结构设计难点,将其按照不同功能解耦成内衬层、抗拉铠装层以及辅助层三个关键结构层。基于神经网络模型(RBF)、Kriging模型以及响应面模型(RSM)三种建模方法建立了上述三个结构层响应分析的代理模型,并通过模型准确度的比较,发现RBF的误差均最小。在优化设计中,基于遗传算法分别对低温柔性管道上述关键结构层进行多目标优化设计。在内衬层结构的优化中,以质量及弯曲刚度最小为优化目标;在抗拉铠装层结构的优化中,以质量最小及拉伸刚度最大为优化目标;在辅助层结构的优化中,以质量、弯曲刚度及传热速率最小为优化目标。研究工作为低温柔性管道的结构提供了关键设计参数及理性的设计方法。     

剪切作用下Cu(100)扭转晶界塑性行为研究

本文采用分子动力学方法研究了在剪切载荷作用下,Cu(100)扭转晶界对Cu柱屈服强度的影响.模拟结果发现,在加载过程中,低角度扭转晶界形成的位错网发生位错形核与扩展,位错之间的塞积作用提高了Cu柱的屈服强度;对于高角度扭转晶界,晶界发生滑动降低了Cu柱的屈服强度.同时发现,随着扭转角度的增加,Cu柱的屈服强度先增大,当扭转角度大于临界角度时,Cu柱的屈服应力逐渐减小.这表明剪切载荷作用下,两种不同的机理主导Cu柱的屈服,对于小于临界角度的扭转晶界,Cu柱的屈服由晶界位错形核和扩展机理主导,对于大于临界角度     

Fatigue strength assessment of MARK-III type LNG cargo containment system

The aim of this paper is to investigate the fatigue strength of the GTT Mark-III type LNG insulation system. The LNG insulation system consists of several composite layers with various connections; plywood, triplex, reinforced polyurethane foam and mastic. Consequently, the LNG insulation system may include mechanical failures such as cracks as well as delaminations within the layers due to sloshing impact loads and fatigue loadings. In addition, these failures may cause a significant decrease of structural integrity. In this study, a series of fatigue tests have been carried out for Mark-III type LNGC insulation systems at room temperature considering the effect of sloshing impact. The load levels have been determined based on the ultimate strength of reinforced polyurethane foam. The aim of the study is to investigate the typical failure characteristics of the MARK-III LNG insulation system and to obtain the S–N data under fatigue loading. A consolidated single S–N curve is obtained based on a systematic finite element procedure. Future use of the S–N data in fatigue analysis requires that the response analysis is carried out using a finite element model with the same mesh density and material properties. This study can be used as a fundamental study for the fatigue assessment of the LNGC insulation system as well as a design guideline.     

Predicting rock mechanical properties of carbonates from wireline logs (A case study: Arab-D reservoir,Ghawar field,Saudi Arabia)

Four hundred plug samples from the Arab-D carbonate reservoir, Ghawar field, were tested for acoustic and mechanical properties at increasing triaxial stress. The results show that the rock mechanical parameters are primarily functions of porosity and, to a lesser degree, of mineralogy, texture and pore fabric (in order of degree of impact from higher to lower). The rock mechanical parameters of the intact matrix rock show no significant changes with stress under reservoir condition.     

考虑晃荡效应的独立B型LNG液舱结构多目标优化

独立B型LNG液舱内部设置舱壁板材及多种桁材,有效缓解了液舱晃荡效应。针对晃荡载荷下的独立B型LNG液舱结构多目标优化,利用规范中的公式计算晃荡载荷,并引入液舱晃荡系数,以期综合反映液舱内部构件对晃荡特性的影响,在此基础上进一步建立以液舱结构重量和液舱晃荡系数为目标的多目标优化模型,采用多目标遗传算法(NCGA),计算得到改进的独立B型LNG液舱结构设计方案。     

Top hat stiffeners: A study on keel failures

The need to assess the structural capability of curved marine composite structures that support the keel of high performance yachts has increased due to the rise in the number of accidents and human casualties. The top hat stiffener is the basic structural member of the yacht to sustain the tensile and bending load of the keel. This paper characterises the mechanical strength of E-glass/vinylester composite top hat stiffeners subjected to transverse loading. The out-of-plane load transfer was studied and failure modes were identified for the three different composite layups which were tested to failure. Experimental results obtained from mechanical testing were compared with FEA predictions, based on the quadratic interlaminar stress criterion. Secondary reserve strength from the unidirectional fibres was identified and the potential to use this secondary strength was further investigated.     

大直径预应力钢筒混凝土海底输油管道受力性能分析

预应力钢筒混凝土管(PCCP)是一种优质复合管材,已经应用于海底输油等领域。由于PCCP中含有混凝土、钢筒、预应力钢丝,结点构造和地下埋置工况复杂,对于PCCP的受力机理认识尚不统一。根据环形预应力作用机理,结合多层圆筒轴对称平面形变理论,研究建立了单层预应力作用下埋置式PCCP受力模型,并根据PCCP使用阶段抗裂要求,分析提出使用阶段PCCP预应力计算公式。采用数值分析法,以内压力等为变量,研究使用阶段不同内压力作用下PCCP的应力变化。分析结果与提出模型进行对比,建议预应力计算公式乘以增大系数1.2。预应力计算结果与国内外规范比较说明公式是合理的。     

Mechanical Behavior of Light-Weight Soil Under Consolidated Drained Shear Condition

To reveal the influence of material composition on mechanical properties of light-weight soil, stress-strain -volumetric strain characteristics and Poisson's ratio of mixed soil were researched by consolidated drained shear tests. The results show that light-weight soil is a kind of structural soil, so its mechanical properties are affected by mixed ratio and confining pressure, and mixed soil possesses structural yield stress. When confining pressure is less than the structural yield stress, strain softening occurs; when confining pressure is more than the structural yield stress, strain hardening is observed. There are two kinds of volume change behavior: shear contraction and shear dilatancy. Shear dilatancy usually leads to strain softening, but there isn't an assured causal relationship between them. Poisson's ratio of mixed soil is a variational state parameter with the change of stress state, it decreases with increased confining pressure, and it increases with increased stress level. When axial strain is near 5%, Poisson’ ratio is gradually close to a steady value. The main range of Poisson's ratio is 0.25～0.50 when confining pressure changes from 50 to 300 kPa. When unconfined compressive strength of mixed soil is less than 328 kPa, its stress-strain-volumetric strain characteristics can be predicted very well by Duncan-Chang model (E-B model). However, when the range of unconfined compressive strength is [328 kPa, 566 kPa], the model can't predict stress-strain characteristics accurately when confining pressure is under 200 kPa, and it also can't predict the strong shear dilatancy phenomenon of mixed soil under low confining pressure.     

Consolidation-related fabric changes of periplatform sediments

Geotechnical properties of carbonate sediments result from several factors such as the particular constituents comprising the sediment, the mineralogy, fabric, and effective stress. Investigating the effects of increasing effective stress by mechanical consolidation using permeability, porosity, and porometry determinations reveals fabric changes that could not be determined in scanning electron micrographs. Porometry changes, determined using an image analyzer, are a function of matrix composition and grain support. Samples that were predominantly matrix-supported exhibited an increase in pore numbers per unit area and a pore size decrease resulting from consolidation. Samples composed predominantly of aragonite needle matrices displayed opposite behavior.     

横向分布载荷作用下简支舟桥甲板的弯曲特性

采用轻质高强铝合金材料设计舟桥的甲板时,其强度计算是初始设计者最为关心的问题之一.本次研究的舟桥甲板采用三层夹心板的结构形式,其横向分布载荷下的挠度和应力的求解问题与一般的单层板不同,虽然可以用有限元法对此进行结构计算,但在初始设计阶段使用该法的计算量大,不方便应用.本文旨在寻求在横向分布载荷作用下,简支条件时,夹心甲板的挠度和应力的解析解,并与有限元计算相比较,为舟桥甲板初始设计提供良好的基础理论.     

卤水体积和应力速率影响下海冰强度的统一表征

无论在地球物理尺度下研究海冰的动力学演化特性,还是在工程结构尺度下分析海冰与海洋结构物的相互作用过程,海冰强度均是影响海冰宏观变形和细观破坏规律的重要力学参数。本文通过对渤海海冰物理力学性质的现场和室内试验,分析了海冰压缩、弯曲和剪切强度参数与卤水体积、应力速率的对应关系。试验结果表明,海冰强度与卤水体积更好地呈指数关系,与应力速率呈线性关系;在此基础上,本文建立了由卤水体积和应力速率共同表征的海冰强度统一函数关系,为工程领域对海冰强度的选取提供有力的参考依据。