多消浪室开孔沉箱消浪特性的数值模拟研究

本文基于雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程和k-ε模型求解湍流流动,采用流体体积法(Volume of Fluid,VOF)追踪自由表面运动,建立无反射波浪数值水槽,对多消浪室开孔沉箱的消浪特性进行数值模拟研究。将单消浪室和多消浪室开孔沉箱反射系数和结构前波面分布的数值分析结果与物理模型试验结果进行对比验证,两者符合良好。利用数值算例,研究多消浪室开孔沉箱的反射特性以及开孔结构附近的速度场和湍流强度分布。分析结果表明:波浪与开孔沉箱相互作用时,涡旋和湍动主要分布在开孔墙和消浪室内部自由表面附近;与单消浪室开孔沉箱相比,多消浪室开孔沉箱可以更有效的耗散波浪能量,降低结构的反射系数。本文分析结果可为开孔沉箱结构的工程设计提供参考依据。     

斜向波与带填料开孔板式防波堤相互作用的研究

基于线性势流理论,对斜向波与消浪室内带部分填料的开孔板式防波堤结构的相互作用进行了理论研究.利用匹配特征函数展开法给出了开孔防波堤结构反射系数和波浪力系数的理论计算方法,在极限情况下的计算结果与已有结果一致.利用数值算例分析了开孔结构反射系数和波浪力系数的主要影响因素.增加消浪室内填料厚度通常可以降低开孔墙结构的波浪力系数,加大结构的反射系数.随着波浪入射角度的增加,带填料防波堤结构的反射系数值先减小,达到最小值后又单调增加.     

Numerical and simplified methods for the calculation of the total horizontal wave force on a perforated caisson with a top cover

The VOF method and the k–ε model, combined with the equation of state of air at constant temperature, have been used to calculate the total horizontal wave force caused by monochromatic waves acting on a perforated caisson with a top cover. From comparison of various parameters, such as the total horizontal force, the pressure difference on the front wall, the pressure on the back wall and the pressure on the top cover, between the numerical results and test data, it can be seen that the numerical results agree well with the test data. It is concluded that the method described in this paper can be utilized to calculate wave forces acting on perforated caissons with a top cover in the case of nonovertopping, nonbreaking waves. A simplified method to calculate the total horizontal force has been developed, based on test data, using a least-squares method. A comparison between the numerical results and the values calculated from the simplified equations shows good agreement. Therefore the simplified equations can be used in engineering applications to evaluate the total horizontal force on a perforated caisson with a top cover.     

基于SPH方法的开孔沉箱比尺效应研究

由于在前壁上设置了尺寸较小的孔,开孔沉箱受流体黏性力作用显著,依照弗劳德数相似准则设计模型存在比尺效应。为揭示比尺效应,建立了模拟波浪与开孔沉箱相互作用的光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)模型。其中流体运动由连续性方程和Navier-Stokes方程控制,固壁边界由改进的动力边界粒子施加。模型收敛性通过分析不同粒子分辨率下的波浪反射系数得到,模型精度通过比较计算与理论波浪反射系数证明。使用经过验证的SPH模型,计算并比较了不同几何比尺和开孔率下开孔沉箱附近的涡量场、箱体外侧的波面时程曲线和波浪反射系数。结果表明,随着模型几何比尺的减小,开孔沉箱受到偏大的流体黏性力,致使更多波能在湍流运动中耗散,进而减小了波浪反射系数并降低了箱体外侧的波面高度。     

The theoretical study on diagonal wave interaction with perforated-wall breakwater with rock fill

The interaction of diagonal waves with perforated-wall breakwater partially filled with rock fill is studied using the linear potential theory. By means of the matched eigenfunction expansion method, an analytical method is presented to calculate the reflection coefficient and the wave force coefficient of the breakwater. The calculated results of the reflection coefficient for limiting cases are the same to the existing results. The main effect factors of the reflection coefficient and the wave force coefficient are analyzed by numerical examples. With the increasing of thickness of rock fill, the wave force coefficient on the perforated wall generally decreases, while the reflection coefficient increases. With the increasing of the incident angle of the wave, the reflection coefficient of the breakwater first decreases, reaches its minimum, and then increases monotonously.     

Wave interaction with a perforated wall breakwater with a submerged horizontal porous plate

This study examines the hydrodynamic performance of a new perforated-wall breakwater. The breakwater consists of a perforated front wall, a solid back wall and a submerged horizontal porous plate installed between them. The horizontal porous plate enhances the stability and wave-absorbing capacity of the structure. An analytical solution based on linear potential theory is developed for the interaction of water waves with the new proposed breakwater. According to the division of the structure, the whole fluid domain is divided into three sub-domains, and the velocity potential in each domain is obtained using the matched eigenfunction method. Then the reflection coefficient and the wave forces and moments on the perforated front wall and the submerged horizontal porous plate are calculated. The numerical results obtained for limiting cases are exactly the same as previous predictions for a perforated-wall breakwater with a submerged horizontal solid plate [Yip, T.L., Chwang, A.T., 2000. Perforated wall breakwater with internal horiontal plate. Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE 126 (5), 533–538] and a vertical wall with a submerged horizontal porous plate [Wu, J.H., Wan, Z.P., Fang, Y., 1998. Wave reflection by a vertical wall with a horizontal submerged porous plate. Ocean Engineering 25 (9), 767–779]. Numerical results show that with suitable geometric porosity of the front wall and horizontal plate, the reflection coefficient will be always rather small if the relative wave absorbing chamber width (distance between the front and back walls versus incident wavelength) exceeds a certain small value. In addition, the wave force and moment on the horizontal plate decrease significantly with the increase of the plate porosity.     

有顶板开孔沉箱所受波浪力的数值分析

利用流体体积(VOF)方法并结合k-ε模型以及等温状态下的气体状态方程数值计算规则波对有顶板开孔沉箱的作用,将数值计算结果与物理模型试验数据分别对总水平力、前开孔板和后实体板的压力分布以及顶板总力等物理量进行对比,验证了所建立的数学模型和数值计算方法的有效性和可靠性,为分析有顶板开孔沉箱的波浪力提供了有效的计算方法.     

多消浪室局部开孔沉箱防波堤反射特性的迭代解析研究

基于势流理论，对多消浪室局部开孔沉箱防波堤的反射特性进行解析研究。研究中采用开孔墙处的二次压力损失边界条件，可以直接考虑波高对于开孔墙处能量损失的影响。利用匹配特征函数展开法和迭代方法得到当前问题的解析解。收敛性验证表明，迭代计算和级数解均具有良好的收敛性。该解析解的计算结果与分区边界元的数值计算结果一致，并且与已有的试验结果符合良好。通过算例分析，研究开孔沉箱防波堤反射系数的主要影响因素。结果表明：与单消浪室开孔沉箱防波堤相比，多消浪室开孔沉箱防波堤可以在更宽的波浪频率范围内保持低反射；增大开孔墙的开孔率，有利于降低多消浪室开孔沉箱防波堤的反射系数；当开孔墙的开孔率沿着入射波方向依次递减时，多消浪室开孔沉箱防波堤的反射系数较小。本文所建立的解析模型简单可靠，可用于工程初步设计中分析开孔沉箱防波堤的水动力性能。     

不规则波与开孔沉箱相互作用数值模拟

采用三步有限元法对N-S方程进行离散,同时借助CLEAR-VOF方法追踪流体自由表面,利用主动吸收式造波等手段改进了二维不规则波浪数值水槽,使得水槽中的波浪谱与目标靶谱吻合较好。进而建立了不规则波浪与开孔沉箱作用一种新的数值模式,分析研究不规则波作用下开孔沉箱的反射率,并与现有的物模结果和数模结果进行了对比,为不规则波与开孔沉箱作用问题的研究,探求了一种新的数值手段。     

基于OpenFOAM的潜堤—双弧板组合结构水动力特性数值研究

鉴于双弧板式透空堤的消浪性能仍不理想，提出了一种潜堤—双弧板组合结构，并基于OpenFOAM软件建立了波浪与该结构相互作用的数值模型，采用试验结果对所建数值模型进行验证。在此基础上，讨论了该新型结构的消浪特性、波压力分布特征以及所受波浪力的影响因素。结果表明，透射系数随相对板宽的增大而减小，反射系数则相反。透射与反射系数随相对潜深的变化较为显著。当结构位于静水位上方（即相对潜深为-0.05）时，透射系数最小而反射系数最大；当结构位于静水位下方（即相对潜深为0.05）时，透射系数最大而反射系数最小。该组合结构两块弧板上下表面的正负压力变化关于横轴近似对称，不同测点处的压力值差异显著。水平波浪力与垂直波浪力的变化趋势大致相似，但垂直波浪力远大于水平波浪力。研究结果可为其工程应用提供理论指导与技术支撑。     

基于粘性流模型的筒型基础防波堤波浪力数值分析

筒型基础防波堤是一种新型港口海岸工程结构,其基础上部是由连续排列的圆筒构成的直立防浪墙.采用粘性流数值模型,研究连续圆筒防波堤上波浪力竖向分布、水平(沿圆筒环向)分布和波浪力合力特性,并对粘性流数值模型计算的平面直墙波浪力与海港水文规范方法计算结果;粘性流数值模型计算的连续圆筒墙面波浪力与平面直墙波浪力;无限长连续圆筒墙面波浪力与有限长连续圆筒墙面波浪力进行比较分析.针对所选工程算例,建议按<海港水文规范>中平面直墙波浪力计算方法确定连续圆筒防波堤上的波浪力时,波峰时考虑0.90左右的折减系数,波谷时考虑0.95左右的折减系数.     

带横隔板局部开孔沉箱在斜向波作用下的受力研究

基于线性势流假定,对斜向波作用下带横隔板局部开孔沉箱防波堤的水平波浪力进行了理论研究。给出了开孔沉箱法向水平力和横隔板受力的理论计算方法,在极限情况下波浪力的计算结果与文献中的已有结果一致。利用数值算例分析了开孔沉箱总水平力的主要影响因素。开孔沉箱法向总水平力的减小主要集中于结构上半部分波浪影响范围以内。增加单个开孔沉箱的长度有利于减小结构所受总水平波浪力。当波浪入射角或沉箱前开孔墙孔隙影响系数幅值较大时,开孔沉箱横隔板上总水平力的最大值要超过相应的沉箱法向总水平力,此时要注意横隔板的强度问题。     

Wave motion over a submerged breakwater with an upper horizontal porous plate and a lower horizontal solid plate

This study examines the hydrodynamic performance of a modified two-layer horizontal-plate breakwater. The breakwater consists of an upper submerged horizontal porous plate and a lower submerged horizontal solid plate. By means of the matched eigenfunction expansion method, a linear analytical solution is developed for the interaction of water waves with the structure. Then the reflection coefficient, the transmission coefficient, the energy-loss coefficient and the wave forces acting on the plates are calculated. The numerical results obtained for limiting cases are exactly the same as previous predictions for a single submerged horizontal solid plate and a single submerged horizontal porous plate. Numerical results show that with a suitable geometrical porosity of the upper plate, the uplift wave forces on both plates can be controlled at a low level. Numerical results also show that the transmission coefficient will be always small if the dimensionless plate length (plate length versus incident wavelength) exceeds a certain moderate value. This is rather significant for practical engineering, as the incident wavelength varies over a wide range in practice. Moreover, it is found that the hydrodynamic performance of the present structure may be further enhanced if the lower plate is also perforated.     

Total horizontal and vertical forces of irregular waves on partially perforated caisson breakwaters

In this study, the total horizontal and vertical forces as well as the phase differences of irregular waves on a partially perforated caisson breakwater are investigated. The partially perforated caisson is located on a rubble fill foundation and filled with rock. Based on linear potential theory, a simple semi-analytical solution of the present problem is developed by means of the matched eigenfunction method and the finite element method. Experimental tests are also conducted to validate the theoretical model and examine the wave forces acting on the perforated caisson. The effects of some of the main factors on the total wave forces and the phase difference are examined. Theoretical and experimental studies show that when the total horizontal force reaches its peak, the simultaneous total vertical (upward) force is rather small or even becomes downwards. This is due to the existence of an obvious phase difference between the time histories of the total horizontal and vertical forces, which is an important advantage of perforated caissons over traditional structures.     

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Wave Forces on A Partially-Perforated Caisson Breakwater with A Rock-Filled Core

1.IntroductionVertical breakwaters are widely used for harbor and coastline protection in coastal engineering.Recently,perforated breakwaters have been often used in practice as they can effectively reduce thewaveforces actingon,the wave reflectionfromand…     

Wave interaction with a wave absorbing double curtain-wall breakwater

This study examines the hydrodynamic performance of a wave absorbing double curtain-wall breakwater. The breakwater consists of a seaward perforated wall and a shoreward impermeable wall. Both walls extend from above the seawater to some distance above the seabed. Then the below gap allows the seawater exchange, the sediment transport and the fish passage. By means of the eigenfunction expansion method and a least square approach, a linear analytical solution is developed for the interaction of water waves with the breakwater. Then the reflection coefficient, the transmission coefficient and the wave forces acting on the walls are calculated. The numerical results obtained for limiting cases agree very well with previous predictions for a single partially immersed impermeable wall, the double partially immersed impermeable walls and the bottom-standing Jarlan-type breakwater. The predicted reflection coefficients for the present breakwater also agree reasonable with previous experimental results. Numerical results show that with appropriate structure parameters, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the breakwater may be both below 0.5 at a wide range of the relative water depth. At the same time, the magnitude of wave force acting on each wall is small. This is significant for practical engineering.     

Numerical Wave Flume Study on Wave Motion Around Submerged Plates

1 .IntroductionApile supportedplatesubmergedatacertaindepthunderseasurfacewasdevelopedasanewtypeofunderwaterbreakwaterfortheprotectionofcoastlinesandharbors .Thisisbecauseitdoesnothinderthewaterexchangebetweentheopenseaandtheprotectedareanordoesithindertheviewovertheopensea .Besides,itislessdependentonthegeotechnicalconditionsoftheseabottomwherethestructureistobeinstalled ;however,itscostishigh ,particularlyinrelativelydeepwaters .Formanyapplicationsitispossibletoreducethewavemotionintheprotec…     

不规则波作用下明基床上开孔沉箱垂直力分析

通过水槽物理模型试验,对不规则波作用下明基床上开孔沉箱所受到的波浪力进行了较为系统的试验研究,分析讨论了开孔沉箱总水平力峰(谷)值时刻对应的总垂直力与基床相对高度、开孔率、波陡、相对水深、消浪室相对宽度等影响因素之间的关系,并与暗基床的研究成果做了对比讨论,给出了明基床上开孔沉箱总垂直力比值(总水平力极值时刻对应的总垂直力/总垂直力极值)与各影响因素之间的计算关系式,研究结果可为工程应用提供参考。     

开孔墙对减小波浪载荷效果的CFD分析

极限波浪载荷是导致海上结构物疲劳失效的主要载荷之一。固定在海洋基础结构物上的直立开孔墙对减小波浪载荷具有一定的效果。基于不可压缩黏性流体流动理论和N-S方程,采用VOF与Level-set相结合追踪自由表面的方法,首先建立数值波浪水槽,然后对开孔墙本身的开孔率和开孔墙与直立墙之间的相对距离,在降低反射系数和波浪力两个方面进行分析。研究结果表明,开孔墙可以明显降低作用在结构物上的波浪力,开孔墙本身的开孔率和与直立墙的相对距离会对其产生明显影响;不同波浪参数下会存在一个最佳的开孔率,但是不同波浪参数时最佳开孔率会略有不同;当开孔墙和直立墙的相对距离在0.2到0.3之间时,开孔墙的消波减载效果最佳。研究结果可为海洋工程相关设计提供一定的参考。     

Experimental study of reflection coefficient and wave forces acting on perforated caisson

The reflection coefficient and the total horizontal forces of regular waves acting on theperforated caisson are experimentally investigated. The empirical relationship between reflection coefficient and the ratio of the total horizontal forces acting on the perforated caisson to those on solid vertical walls with the relative chamber width, relative water depth and porosity of perforated wall, etc. are given. Moreover, the results of the ratio of the total horizontal forces are also compared with formulas given by Chinese Harbour Design Criteria and Takahashi, which may be useful for the practical engineering application.