海工结构物浅基础稳定性的可靠度分析

应用可靠度理论对渤海某油田软粘土地基工作的沉垫式基础的稳定性进行了可靠度分析，阐述了各个设计指标的变化对分项系数及可靠度指标的影响规律，并将分析结果与该标准中规定的分项系数进行了比较。     

不同设计使用年限下实用设计表达式系数的求解

基于可靠度分析理论以及荷载标准值等数据的调整,分别运用JCSS法与Monte Carlo法计算出运用于结构领域的新的目标可靠指标并依据不同可变荷载的概率统计模型计算出对应于不同设计使用年限的调整系数及数理统计参数。以最小二乘法为准则,借助Matlab里的数学算子,分别采用穷举优化搜索法和极值理论求解法计算出实用设计表达式中荷载分项系数及结构重要性系数,并计算出标准值等数据调整前后的单构件的相对误差增量。从工程实际应用出发,在荷载、抗力分项系数均按现行规范采用的情况下,计算出能同时体现不同安全等级与设计使用年限的结构重要性系数,并分析了现行规范中采用的结构重要性系数取值对应的包络范围,对今后结构设计提供参考借鉴。     

渤海海冰数值模式中计算参数的确定

在渤海海冰数值模拟和预报中,针对该海域的气象和水文特点,对模式中的计算参数进行了确定是必要的。本文通过对辽东湾ＪＺ２０－２海域的气象、水文和海冰要素的定点观测,对同太阳辐射、海洋热通量以及拖曳系数等参数进行了计算,对其特点以及对海冰生消和运移的影响进行了分析和讨论。这对提高渤海海冰数值模拟和预报的精度有很大促进,也是建立和发展局地工程海冰数值模式的重要内容。     

海冰作用力在渤海海洋工程设计中的意义

过去在渤海近岸海域设计和建造海工建筑物时,由于没有充分考虑海冰作用力,曾遭受很大经济损失。本文简单介绍渤海的一般和严重冰情,并提出海冰对海工建筑物作用力的计算公式;通过几个海工建筑物设计实例指出,海冰作用力是渤海近岸海域海工建筑物设计的控制荷载之一。文中最后还给出渤海近岸海域海冰的设计厚度和极限抗压强度的建议取值。     

统一设计标准中风荷载的概率分布模型

根据极限状态设计法及可靠度分析的要求,本文从风荷载入手,建立在设计基准期内最大值分布的概率模型,取代过去习用的多年一遇设计风速值。此模型考虑了各有关风荷载计算系数在自然界中的变异性,论证了大气容重,风载高度变化系数、体形系数等均可视为随机变量。同时根据各地域长期风速序列平均值大小各异的特点,采用风载因子——(V/■)~2作为计算风荷载的笫二个随机变量。以两随机变量乘积之概率分布的形式推导出一个对于海岸工程建筑物具有普遍性意义的风荷载概率模型。此模型可以进一步与波、流等其它形式的环境荷载组合,建设综合概率模型。这是极限状态设计法和可靠度分析中不可缺少的重要内容。     

海洋地基土的随机场特性

对随机场理论应用于海洋土地基可靠度研究中的必要性及其理论意义进行了深入的分析和探讨，提出了检验土性指标的平稳性和各态历经性的方法，结合渤海油田在开发和建设中积累的大量工程地质勘察资料，对海洋土竖直和水平向土性剖面建立齐次正态随机场模型。并在此基础上，以渤海某油田海洋平台的地基可靠度分析为例，说明随机场理论在海洋土地基可靠度分析中的具体应用及其所发挥的重要作用。     

冰区海洋平台LRFD方法的系数标定及优化设计

对渤海北部结冰海域海洋平台的ＬＲＦＤ设计表达式的系数进行了标定,并在此基础上以实际平台为例,进行了优化计算。     

渤海风荷载的一种计算方法

风荷载的计算不仅直接关系到风能的开发利用,而且对海洋工程构筑物的设计标准亦有重大影响。文中以渤海为例,提出了一种风荷载的概率模型。该模型综合考虑了海上风速、风载因子(相对风速之平方)及各种风荷载参数(体形系数、高度系数、大气重度及风向)的随机变化,并分别估算了它们的概率分布类型。在此基础上根据随机变量乘积的分布导出风荷载的分布,为了便于使用,已将计算结果绘制成诺模图,故文中建议的风荷载概率模型可适用于各种类型的海上工程建筑物及不同风况的广大海域,并能直接应用于现代工程结构物的可靠性分析或与波、流、水位等其它环境荷载进一步随机组合。     

渤海及黄海北部年极值冰厚概率分布的统计分析

采用渤海及黄海北部后报30a最大冰厚样本序列,采用平稳二项随机过程模型和组合概率分析方法,统计得到了年最大冰厚概率分布,估计了模型参数,并推算了不同重现期的极值冰厚.推算结果表明,该模型较好地刻划了该海域年最大冰厚的概率特性,为渤海海域平台结构设计和可靠性分析提供了重要的荷载基础.     

削角直立式防波堤可靠度分析

根据最新导出的荷载变量相关时结构可靠指标β的Hasofer-Lind计算方法，利用特定地点的长期波浪观测资料，对明、暗基床的削角直立式防波堤进行了可靠度分析，得出了可靠指标β与传统设计方法中安全系数K的关系曲线，进而给出了削角直立堤抗滑移和抗倾覆极限状态下各项分项系数的建议值。     

海洋工程中桩基水平向承载力可靠指标的影响因素分析

桩基础水平向承载力的计算是海洋工程中桩基设计的重要组成部分。论文在搜集了大量平台建设资料的基础上,以现有的桩基水平向承载力的设计计算方法为依据,进行了水平向承载力的可靠度研究。对影响可靠指标的各个因素进行了灵敏度分析。     

Reliability Analysis of Ice-Induced Fatigue and Damage in Offshore Engineering Structures

—In Bohai Gulf,offshore and other installations have collapsed by sea ice due to the fatigueand fracture of the main supporting components in the ice environments.In this paper presented are someresults on fatigue reliability of these structures in the Gulf by investigating the distributions of iceparameters such as its floating direction and speed,sheet thickness,compressive strength,ice forces on thestructures,and hot spot stress in the structure.The low temperature,ice breaking modes and componentfatigue failure modes are also taken into account in the analysis of the fatigue reliability of the offshorestructures experiencing both random ice loading and low temperatures.The results could be applied to thedesign and operation of offshore platforms in the Bohai Gulf.     

Fatigue reliability analysis in time domain for inspection strategy of fixed offshore structures

The paper describes a methodology for estimation of reliability of fixed offshore structures with respect to fatigue and extreme stress. The failure criteria for fatigue are formulated using fracture mechanics principle and that for extreme stress using API Code. Advanced Second Moment method is used to find the reliability index. The total life of the structure is divided into a set of stationary sea-states, occurring during storms and described by directional power spectrum. The method has been illustrated through application to a typical jacket platform. Usefulness of the methodology for planning in-service inspections has been highlighted.     

Reliability-Based Load and Resistance Factors Design for Offshore Jacket Platforms in the Bohai Bay: Calibration on Design Factors

For the fulfillment of the probability-based structural design for the offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Bay, the design factors of loads, resistance and load combinations are much necessary to be calibrated according to the proposed target reliability index. Firstly, the limit states function for the offshore jacket platforms is introduced. Then, four approaches to calibrate the factors of load and resistance are presented and compared. Afterwards, the methods to calibrate the load combination factors are developed. Finally, the factors of load, resistance and load combination for the offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Bay are calibrated and the corresponding design formulae are recommended. The results are proved to be rational in practice, and also illustrate that the proposed target reliability index for offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Bay is also appropriate.     

Aseismic Reliability Analysis Approach for Offshore Jacket Platform Structures

—By means of nonlinear pushover collapse analysis approach,the aseismic reliability analysesof two offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Gulf in China are studied according to their ocean locationand environmental loadings there.On the basis of those analyses,an aseismic reliability analysis approachis presented.The results show that the aseismic reliability of those platforms is high.Also it is proved thatthis aseismic reliability analysis approach is simple,practical and reliable.     

海洋工程设计风速与波高的联合分布

选取我国渤海某处21a的风暴过程后报资料,考虑风暴发生频次的影响,提出泊松二维逻辑分布,并且将其用于海洋石油工程设计中极值风速与波高的联合概率计算,给出了计算海域的风浪设计参数,并与传统的设计标准进行了比较.计算结果表明,新的统计模式适用于受风暴影响海区的海洋工程结构设计,特别是边际油田的开发建设.     

Calibration of LRFD Format for Steel Jacket Offshore Platform in China Offshore Area （2） ： Load, Resistance and Load Combination Factors

1.IntroductionLoad and Resistance Factor Design(LRFD)isthe commonly adoptedreliability-based designfor-mat for structural design(CNE,1990;AAHTO,1994;OMTC,1983;CMC,1984).Code calibra-tionforthe LRFDformat is a processto determinethetarget reliability by de…     

Optimum design of ice-resistant offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Gulf in consideration of fatigue life of tubular joints

Economy and ice-resistance are two factors that must be considered in the design of offshore oil platforms in the Bohai Gulf. This paper focuses on the optimal design of ice-resistant offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Gulf in consideration of fatigue life of tubular joints, with the minimum initial weight and satisfying dynamic properties. An efficient fatigue analysis procedure based on spectral analysis is proposed, in which a hybrid finite element model is adopted to simulate the jacket platform and the tubular joints, and the pseudo-excitation method is used to calculate the power spectral density of the hot spot stress. Finally, a practical jacket platform with an ice-breaking cone in the Bohai Gulf is optimized, and the results demonstrate that the fatigue life of tubular joints could be improved and the weight of jackets decreased simultaneously.     

Reliability-Based Load and Resistance Factors Design for Offshore Jacket Platforms in the Bohai Bay: Calibration on Target Reliability Index

The target reliability index has been effectively used as the best solution to deal with the relationship between the structural safety and the optimal economy in any structural design. However, the target reliability index for off-shore jacket platforms based on different sea areas in China has never been calibrated. This paper presents an approach for its calibration, and suggests many kinds of associated load cases. The uncertainties of loads and structural resistance are mainly investigated. The target reliability index for structural components, tubular joints and piles of offshore jacket platforms are discussed respectively in detail. Finally, through the calibrated results from the offshore jacket platforms of QK18-1, JZ20-2, SZ36-1 and BZ28-1 in the Bohai Bay, it is proposed to adopt 2.8 as the target reliability index of offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Bay for a 25-year design period. The results provide significant reference for the design of offshore jacket platforms.