罗源湾海洋倾倒区抛泥过程含沙量增量数值模拟

罗源湾及周边海域港口、航道开发利用工程产生大量的疏浚物,为准确掌握罗源湾临时性海洋倾倒区抛泥过程中泥沙运动规律和含沙量增量分布,预测并有效控制倾倒泥沙对倾倒区周边海域环境影响,基于FVCOM数值模式和有限差分理论,建立倾倒区二维潮流动力和悬浮泥沙输移扩散数学模型,分析计算海域潮流动力特征和悬浮泥沙输移扩散情况.经过监测数据率定验证,模型计算结果与实测潮位、潮流过程曲线吻合较好,含沙量曲线与实测值比较接近.利用建立的模型预测倾倒区疏浚泥倾倒过程中含沙量增量及影响范围,倾倒区含沙量本底值为22~58 mg/dm3,单次抛泥7 300 m3时,含沙量增量10 mg/dm3(超一、二类水质标准),扩散距离小于3.5 km,抛泥1 h后含沙量增量基本降至10 mg/dm3以下,6 h后含沙量增量降至1 mg/dm3以下;连续120 d随机点抛放时,含沙量增量100 mg/dm3(超三类水质标准)的包络面积为1.40 km2,主要分布在倾倒区附近0.74 km范围内,含沙量增量10 mg/dm3的包络面积为9.27 km2,最大扩散距离为3.25 km.最后,结合模型预测结果和海域功能区划要求,建议倾倒施工单位选择落潮时段进行倾倒作业,保证在空间和时间方面均匀倾倒,尽量避免或减少对附近的三都澳大黄鱼繁育保护区产生影响.     

东碇倾倒区疏浚泥悬沙输移和海床冲淤数值模拟

采用区域海洋模型ROMS(Regional Ocean Modeling System)在东碇倾倒区建立三维水动力与泥沙输移数值模型,在水动力验证的基础上模拟预测了在冬、夏季节不同背景潮流和风场作用下的疏浚泥悬沙输移规律及海床沖淤变化。结果表明:在纯潮流作用下,悬沙扩散以抛泥点为中心,呈圆对称分布,且冬季泥沙输移扩散范围比夏季大;加入风场驱动后,悬沙扩散呈下风面拖拽的椭圆形,同时水体混合加强更有利于高浓度悬沙的扩散,但对悬沙输移的作用不明显;抛泥点位置从倾倒区中心变为西北角后,其作用主要体现在冬季较高浓度区面积的减小和由于局地水槽引导而形成的向北延伸的浓度舌;在海床冲淤方面,潮流和风场的作用主要是改变地形增量较大的面积,而更改抛泥点位置则会导致地形增量最大值出现较大的差异。     

长江河口北槽抛泥作业状态下的悬沙浓度分布与扩散过程

在长江河口北槽抛泥过程中，应用ASSM－Ⅰ型声学悬浮泥沙观测系统观测悬沙浓度的时空分布规律，结合多普勒流速剖面仪走航式断面流速测量。研究发现：（1）泥沙浓度垂向分布形成至少三种结构类型，即上小下大的“L”型和指数型，上大下小的“漂浮”型；（2）受抛泥泥沙输移的影响，断面流场形成低流速区，或分布在水体表、中层，或贯穿整个水体，形成流速切变锋，它们的强度随抛泥泥沙输移扩散逐渐减弱；（3）在落潮流和颗粒重力共同作用下，抛泥泥沙同时存在输移扩散和沉降过程。小潮型抛泥泥沙主要就近扩散和沉降，中潮和大潮型抛泥泥沙输移扩散范围较远。     

基于现场实验结果对倾倒泥沙扩散数值模型参数率定研究

倾倒区倾倒过程泥沙输运扩散数值模型理论较为成熟,但模型的一些相关参数给定范围较大,且一般由实验室静水或河口淡水实验获取,用于海洋倾倒区的泥沙模型有一定的局限性,使得模型预测结果波动范围也很大,具有较强的不确定性,模型参数亟需物理实验数据的率定和验证。2011-2014年在沙埕港临时性海洋倾倒区开展了3次倾倒物海洋倾倒实验,对现场实验结果数据分析论证后,建立倾倒过程二维泥沙输运扩散数值模型,用实验数据对模型中一些主要参数进行计算和率定。计算率定结果表明:沙埕港倾倒区倾倒过程初期疏浚泥絮团沉降速度可达3.0 cm/s,细沙颗粒充分混合后沉降速度减小,一般小于0.5 mm/s;悬沙紊动扩散系数Dx、Dy取45 m~2/s时计算悬浮物浓度增量曲线与实测结果吻合效果最佳,建议调试值域为30~50 m~2/s。模型参数率定后计算结果的客观性和准确性进一步提高,可为海洋倾倒区选划泥沙扩散模型参数的选取提供一定参考。     

基于FVCOM的长江口预选倾倒区抛泥扩散数值模拟

2019年以来,长江口海域年疏浚总量约为7 000×104 m3,现有的7座吹泥站停用后,长江口倾倒区容量仅剩约3 000×104 m3,疏浚物处置缺口约为4 000×104 m3,需及时开展海洋倾倒区选划工作。通过FVCOM （Finite Volume Community Ocean Model）数值模型对预选倾倒区进行抛泥扩散模拟,并分析其影响。根据长江口航道管理局所统计的疏浚船只,结合实际情况,选定12 000 m3舱容作为代表船只进行模拟。模拟结果显示,抛泥悬浮物主要在倾倒区周围呈螺旋状扩散,从扩散范围来看,4个预选倾倒区抛泥时,其10 mg/L增量包络线均不会显著影响到附近主航道及周边环境敏感区,其中预选倾倒区D扩散影响范围最大,C次之,A和B扩散影响范围最小。从动力角度来看,长江口深水航道北侧两个预选倾倒区（A和B）倾倒扩散时,对南侧深水航道造成回淤的概率更大,深水航道南侧水动力条件优于北侧。综合抛泥扩散影响范围和动力条件来看,预选倾倒区C位置最佳。     

长江口北槽抛泥流速和悬沙浓度时空分布观测

河口泥沙运动有其独特的规律,需要采用高分辨率的观测手段进行系统的现场观测,以此发现河口流速和泥沙分布结构,进而探讨其形成机制,应用声学多普勒流速剖面仪和声学悬浮泥沙观测系统,通过定点和走航式观测长江河口不同潮型和流态下流速和悬浮泥沙浓度时空分布发现:(1)不同潮型出现高浓度“事件”的次数和成因存在差异,中潮型出现高浓度“事件”的可能性最大;(2)抛泥泥沙浓度垂向分布至少有3种结构类型,即上小下大的“L”型、指数型和上大下小的“漂浮”型;(3)受抛泥泥沙输移的影响,断面流场形成低流速区,它们的强度随落潮流的扩散逐渐减弱;(4)不同潮型的落潮流表现出不同的输移行为,大、小潮型落潮流偏北,中潮型落潮流偏南;(5)在落潮流和颗粒重力共同作用下抛泥泥沙同时存在输移扩散和沉降过程,小潮型抛泥泥沙主要就近扩散和沉降,中潮和大潮型抛泥泥沙输移扩散范围较远。     

开阔水域海洋倾倒区选划的初步研究——以长江口深水航道治理三期工程疏浚物临时海洋倾倒区选划为例

在二雏潮流场基础上，采用泥沙扩散方程和欧拉一拉格郎日质点漂移法对抛泥时泥沙的扩散和淤积进行模拟，从水动力条件角度对航道两侧的倾倒区选划进行研究，分析不同时段和不同倾倒区的淤积率、流失率和容量。以长江口深水航道口门外倾倒区选划为例，对文中提出的倾倒区选划方法进行验证，结果表明，本文提出的方法是合适的，可以作为在开阔水域选划倾倒区的基本方法。     

淇澳岛东南拋泥区对珠海九洲港航道的影响

应用~(46)Sc放射性示踪沙技术,根据1989年4月的现场测试结果探讨了淇澳岛东南抛泥区泥沙的运移扩散规律及其对珠海经济特区九洲港航道的淤积影响。实验证明,该抛泥区所抛疏浚泥沙的运移扩散主方向恰是九洲港航道所在的方向。对伶仃水道的疏浚而言,该抛泥地的选择是合理的,但对九洲港航道来说,则存在一定的淤积影响,应采取相应的防淤和减淤措施,以提高港口的经济效益。     

闽江口悬浮泥沙动态分区的遥感分析

本文应用卫星遥感原理,结合丰富的地面资料,对闽江口悬浮泥沙动态分区进行研究,结果表明:闽江口悬浮泥沙动态可划分为4区:①悬沙输移区;②悬沙扩散冲淤区;③悬沙扩散沉降区;④悬沙漂移区。闽江口内、外拦门沙处于悬沙扩散冲淤区内,地形地貌背景、水动力条件和泥沙动态复杂多变。     

苏北大丰港海域航道临时抛泥区悬沙扩散影响研究

以大丰港航道临时抛泥区抛泥为研究对象,建立苏北辐射沙洲大丰港海域二维潮流泥沙数学模型,研究了航道临时抛泥区抛泥后的泥沙运移特征及对周边航道、锚地的影响。研究表明,在地形和边界的约束作用下,抛泥区的水质点运动具有明显的往复流特征,大潮涨落潮水质点轨迹存在一定的流路分歧;抛泥区抛泥后,高浓度含沙水体呈南北条状形态,轴线与航道基本平行;涨急和涨憩时刻抛泥,悬浮泥沙对航道具有一定的影响,而落急和落憩抛泥,悬浮泥沙对锚地影响相对较大。     

Evaluation of Excess Pore Water Pressure Characteristics in Sand Mat Used for Recycling Dredged Soil

The design of sand mats should be reviewed on the basis of excess pore pressure behavior, which can be obtained by combining the characteristics of soft ground with the permeability of the mats. In this study, a banking model test was performed using dredged sand as the mat material to investigate the hydraulic gradient distribution of sand mats. The results were compared with numerical analysis results utilizing Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation equation. The results showed that the pore pressure was influenced by an increase in the amount of settlement at the central part of the sand mat as the height of the embankment increased. The measured decrease of the pressure head due to the residing water pressure in the sand mat was delayed compared to the numerical analysis results. Accordingly, sand mats should be laid to reduce the increased hydraulic gradient at the central part of the embankment.     

Effect of a cement-lignin agent on the shear behavior of Shanghai dredged marine soils

With the rapid urbanization in Shanghai, China, suitable fill materials have been reported to be in great shortage in recent years. A prospective solution to these issues is to convert the huge amount of existing dredged marine soils to construction materials via solidification. However, there have been no studies on the shear behavior of solidified dredged materials from Shanghai region so far, while it has been reported by various researchers that the available data obtained from certain types of clay cannot be confidently and readily applied to other types of soils. To address this challenging issue, in this article, samples of Shanghai marine dredged soils were retrieved from the world’s largest reclamation project in Shanghai Lin-gang New City. A series of laboratory tests have been conducted to investigate the shear behavior of Shanghai dredged marine soils solidified using a new composite curing agent made of cement and lignin. The test results and the effect of this cement–lignin agent on the shear behavior of Shanghai marine soils, including the stress–strain behavior, shear strength properties, and failure characteristics are presented and discussed, which can provide valuable reference for the use of dredged soils as construction materials in the Shanghai region.     

A new mixing technique for solidifier and dredged fill in coastal area

One of the major drawbacks of the conventional method of land reclamation, which involves mixing cement with the dredged soils at the disposal site, is the high cost associated with its manufacturing and transportation. In this study, a new solidified dredged fill (SDF) technique and a new additive are proposed and their practical applications are discussed. Unlike the conventional approach, the dredged marine soils were mixed with the solidifiers using a newly designed mixing technique prior to its transport to site, which would significantly reduce the cost of site machinery and effectively reclaim land with adequate engineering properties necessary for the construction of infrastructure. To evaluate the performance of the reclaimed land using the proposed technique, a series of laboratory and field tests (namely, static and dynamic cone penetration tests, and plate load tests) were conducted on grounds filled with and without solidified dredged marine soils, respectively. The results showed that the engineering behavior of the reclaimed land with dredged marine soils using SDF technique had significantly improved. The SDF technique combined with the newly designed mixing system improved the performance of ground and has thus proved to be both cost-effective and safe.     

海洋倾倒前疏浚底泥的去污染技术

疏浚底泥是陆源性入海污染物的主要蓄积场所, 也是海洋污染的潜在污染源。在疏浚和海洋倾倒过程中, 这些疏浚底泥中的污染物会重新释放出来进入水体, 危害海洋环境, 因此对疏浚底泥进行无害或者减害化处理, 对于实施疏浚底泥海洋倾倒的科学管理、有效保护海洋环境具有重要意义。本文综述了6种主要的疏浚底泥处理方法, 介绍和评述了各方法的原理、影响因素以及优缺点, 并展望了物化和生物等方法联合在去除疏浚底泥污染应用中的前景。     

黄骅港一期工程疏浚物倾倒预选区的浮游生物调查

分析了1995年10月黄骅港一期工程疏浚物倾倒预选区浮游生物调查样品和资料.结果表明,调查区的浮游植物是以圆筛藻(Coscinodiscusspp.)等为优势种的近岸广温生态群,浮游动物是以强壮箭虫(Sagittacrassa)等为优势种的近岸低盐生态群,且浮游生物的种类和数量都很丰富.文中还对疏浚施工提出了加强对疏浚船只倾倒到位率监督,根据海洋生物繁殖季节调整疏浚活动等措施,以最大限度地减小因疏浚施工对生态环境造成的危害.     

Laboratory Investigations for Dewatering of Golden Horn Dredged Sludge with Geotextile Tubes

In this study, an effective means of dewatering the dredged material obtained from the sea-bottom in Istanbul is investigated through the use of additives and geotextile tubes (also known as geotubes, geotextile containers, and geotextile bags). Rapid dewatering test and geotube dewatering test are laboratory approaches, where the types and amounts of anionic and cationic additives for dewatering efficiency of dredged sludge can quickly and economically be examined. In this study, a best dosage amount of 1.5 kg/tonne was used as flocculant solution preparation with distilled water. After this process, twelve homogeneous sludge-polymer admixtures were prepared by adding 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% polymers (anionic and cationic) by weight of the dredged material in rapid dewatering tests and another twelve homogeneous sludge-polymer admixtures were prepared by adding 0.1, 0.25, and 0.50% polymers (anionic and cationic) by weight of the dredged material in geotube dewatering tests. The results indicated that Golden Horn dredged sludge could be successfully dewatered and retained by geotextile tubes. The use of chemical cationic polymers is recommended with Golden Horn dredged sludge rather than the anionic polymers. Results also showed that use of flocculants can significantly increase the retention capacity of geotubes.     

连云港疏浚工程的环境效应--以羊窝头抛泥区为例

以连云港羊窝头抛泥区为研究区域 ,对疏浚工程中产生的大量疏浚弃土倾倒入海后 ,所产生弃土的堆积—流失—扩散过程以及海域环境效应 ,进行了现场观测和计算 ,并从物理、化学和生物 3个方面对海区的水质、底质和生态环境的影响作出客观分析。认为疏浚的环境效应主要取决于疏浚弃土本身的受污染程度 ,而对海域环境的影响 ,则主要是弃土扩散所造成的海水中悬浮沙量增加引起水质浑浊度的增高的物理性影响 ,同时由于弃土中大量的粘粒和胶粒物质具有吸附海水中重金属和有机物等污染物质的能力 ,有利于水质和生态环境的改善 ,因而对各类海洋生物生存环境的影响是十分轻微的。     

关于海洋倾废区管理的探讨--以青岛胶州湾外三类疏浚物海洋倾倒区为例

以青岛胶州湾外三类疏浚物海洋倾倒区为例,讨论了加强海上倾倒区的管理措施的重要性.     

疏浚物海洋倾倒区封闭条件探讨

海洋倾倒区封闭是海洋倾废管理的主要内容之一。目前疏浚物倾倒活动是一项比较频繁的海上倾倒活动。疏浚物海洋倾倒区的封闭,需要有一个相对统一的标准和判断方法,本文提出用外溢作为一种判断方法,且将倾倒 溢发为无外溢、少量外溢、显著外溢、严重外溢和最严重外溢五类,认为当倾倒区出现显著外溢时,应考虑限制使用;当倾倒区出现严重外溢时,考虑封闭;当出现危害性外溢时,就立即封闭。     

区域维护性疏浚土处置方案探讨——以广州港为例

维护性疏浚土的处置己严重制约着港口航道建设,成为急需解决的关键问题.对于区域维护性疏浚土的处置,需要综合考虑疏浚土的产生地、产生量、产生时段、性质和处置场所的距离、处置方式、处置能力、区域规划等因索,制定科学合理有序的统一规划.以广州港为例,探讨了区域维护性疏浚土处置方案,分析了广州港近五年维护性疏浚土的产生量、区域分...