一种声速剖面遥测系统的时延差编码方案设计

针对深海水文观测中,不能对自容式声速剖面仪测量数据进行实时监测的问题,提出对声速剖面测量数据进行时延差编码,采用高精度的水声信号时延差估计技术,进行声速剖面测量遥测,为实时分析海洋水文数据,及时调整水文观测方案提供了技术支持。     

陆缘深水区声速剖面EOF延拓方法研究

针对陆缘深水区多波束测量声速剖面数据采集困难的问题,提出一种深海声速剖面EOF延拓方法,以测区少量全水深声速剖面采样数据为依据,采用EOF算法对未进行全水深采样的声速剖面进行声速全水深延拓。实例计算结果表明:采用该方法延拓得到的全水深声速剖面与实测的声速剖面具有较好的一致性,用延拓后的声速剖面进行声线追踪后得到的水深数据能够满足多波束水深测量精度要求。     

HY1200系列声速剖面仪及其应用

介绍了采用声学直接测量方法进行声速测量的声速剖面仪原理，声速仪标定的必要性、标定原理和方法，以及系统组成和指标。探讨了声速偏差与深度误差的关系，使用声速仪对测深仪进行了声速改正的试验。     

关于测深仪声速改正问题的探讨

用累加法对声速剖面仪和CTD声速剖面仪测量声速剖面资料进行了类比计算，得出两者测量声速具有可替换性的结论，并对声速剖面仪测量声速剖面的时间间隔作了探讨。     

投弃式温盐深测量仪在海底地形测量中的应用

介绍了投弃式温盐深测量仪(XCTD)的原理和特点,利用它获得的声速剖面数据与声速剖面仪测量的声速剖面数据进行了精度对比,论述了在特殊环境下,利用多波束测深系统进行海底地形测量时,使用XCTD进行声速剖面测量的优势,解决了测量船停车才能进行声速剖面测量的弊端,显著提高了多波束测深系统作业的效率。     

菲律宾海深海海底沉积物声学特性与物理性质相关关系

为研究深海海底沉积物声学特性与物理性质相关关系,于2016年11月在实验室对水深3164～5 592 m的菲律宾海深海海底沉积物柱状样品的声学特性进行测量,获取了沉积物声速、声速比、声阻抗、声阻抗指数等声学特性参数。结合沉积物的孔隙度和密度等物理性质参数,分析了海底沉积物声速、声速比、声阻抗、声阻抗指数与孔隙度、密度的相关关系,建立了该海域海底沉积物声学特性回归方程。研究结果表明:研究区深海数据与浅海回归方程符合度较差,与深海回归方程符合度较好;Hamilton校正方法有助于修正实验室测量引起的温度和压力误差,声速比与Hamilton方程符合度比声速好;声阻抗和声阻抗指数与物理性质参数的相关性优于声速和声速比。此外,研究认为由于海底沉积物的沉积环境较为复杂,其声学特性回归方程存在差异。由于上述差异的存在,在使用基于不同海域数据建立的回归方程进行海底沉积物声学特性预测时,应加以区别对待。该研究丰富了深海海底沉积物声学数据,对促进深海海底沉积物声学深入研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

深海地形调查中声速剖面质量控制方法

通过对深海多波束地形调查中实测声速剖面数据质量的研究,探讨声速剖面仪检定以及实际应用中的质量控制措施。利用抛弃式温盐深仪和同海区国际剖面浮标的剖面数据,对声速剖面仪实测数据进行比对,分析声速剖面数据的固定偏差或线性偏差,完成声速剖面数据修正,提高了实测声速剖面数据的应用水平,为大洋专项调查中声速剖面数据的质量控制,提供了一种有效参考方法。     

多波束测量声速剖面EOF表示阶次选取研究

经验正交函数(EOF)是描述声速剖面的有效基函数,通常只需要前几阶EOF即可较为精确地表示声速剖面。但使用EOF重构的声速剖面进行多波束测量声速改正时,选取的阶次未必满足多波束测深精度要求。针对此问题,首先介绍了EOF表示声速剖面的原理及流程,然后以北海某区域实测声速剖面数据为例,分析了不同阶次EOF拟合声速剖面误差以及不同阶次EOF拟合声速剖面对多波束测深的影响,最后结合NOAA对多波束测量声速剖面误差造成的水深限差要求确定EOF阶次,实现了在满足多波束测深精度的同时,合理确定EOF阶次的目的。     

声速剖面仪水下探头软硬件设计

简要阐述了直接测量式声速剖面仪的测量原理及水下机探头的体系结构;并进一步介绍了自容式和拖缆式两种结构的声速剖面仪的控制单元、模数转换、数据存储、数据提取、控制命令的响应和执行、系统状态的检查及设备的可靠性处理等模块的软硬件实现方法。     

声速剖面仪测量技术综述

海水声速是影响海洋探测仪器性能的主要因素之一。声速剖面仪是进行海水声速探测的主要仪器,利用声速剖面仪可以获取某一区域切面上海水声速随深度变化的情况,从而为海洋探测仪器提供精确的声速剖面,对海洋经济开发、国防军事、科学研究等有重要的意义。文中介绍了测量声速的基本方法以及声速剖面技术,对国内外常用的声速剖面进行了介绍,论述了声速剖面仪的检测技术,并对国际上使用先进的"时间飞跃"(TOF)技术测量声速进行了概述。     

A tension measurement method of a towing cable or a buoy cable

An indirect tension measurement method of a towing cable in midwater or a buoy cable is proposed using underwater acoustic positioning systems, etc., to give the in-water cable tension. The most simple and traditional cable tension measurement method is to apply a mechanical tension meter at the one end of the cable, but the method has limits in the aspects of continuous monitoring and manual operation. However, the technique in this study is to apply the Pode's analysis of the equilibrium configuration and tension of a flexible twine, in which the cable tension is given as a function of the geometric positions of both ends of the cable. A set of nonlinear integral equations is formulated and solved numerically by the Newton-Raphson method. Then the inclination angles and the tensions at the lower and the upper ends of the cable could be obtained. The derived method enables us to track a towed object, to measure the tension of a towing cable or a buoy cable and is also applicable to the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) tethered to a mother ship.     

Reciprocal acoustic transmissions: Instrumentation for Mesoscale monitoring of ocean currents

By simultaneously transmitting acoustic pulses in opposite directions between two points in midocean, one can separate the effects of ocean currents on acoustic propagation from the effects of sound-speed structure. Reciprocal acoustic transmissions can therefore be used to measure ocean currents. Acoustic transceivers have been designed and built to measure the mean currents between two points separated by 300 km. The equipment functioned satisfactorily during a sbort test conducted during 1983. Preliminary analysis of that experiment has yielded differential travel times that appear reasonable, but more work is required to relate the differential travel times to meaningful ocean-current estimates.     

动力定位系统与单波束测深仪在科考船定点作业中的应用

科考船定点作业时会受到海洋风、涌、浪、流等外界环境因素影响，导致工作效率降低，原位测量精度下降，甚至影响作业安全。动力定位系统 （DP） 具有自动定位功能，能够抵抗外界环境因素的影响，可实现科考船高精度定点控位。 单波束测深仪不仅可以测量水深，也可反映水下设备深度信息，可以起到辅助监控水下设备功能。本文在介绍定点作业施工现状与局限性的基础上，分析 DP 系统与单波束测深仪工作原理，以“向阳红 01”船为载体，在定点作业时开启 DP 系统与单波束测深仪，发现该方法可以提高科考船定点作业工作效率、原位测量精度并保障作业安全，可为其他科考船定点作业提供参考。     

The physical model with temperature and pressure controlled for measuring acoustic velocity of marine sediments

Abstract

The superficial marine sediment is an important boundary of ocean acoustic propagation. So, the acoustic property of seafloor surface is always research hotspot. The acoustic property of sediment is affected by temperature and pressure which is not considered by conventional lab acoustic measurement. A new type of system, called “Small-scale Geo-acoustic Physical Model Pilot System” (SGPMP) has been developed. The system measures geo-acoustic property of sediment under specific temperature, pressure and frequency conditions which can be controlled conveniently and accurately. The components, structure, measurement principle, error analysis and application example of this system are introduced in this article. As a laboratory platform, the system makes it convenient for us to study the relationship between the temperature, pressure, frequency and acoustic properties of marine sediment.     

海洋水声调查及信号处理方法的研究

水声环境包括海洋中影响声信号传播的各种参数，传统上，这些参数的测量都是由从事水声及其设备研究的专业人员进行，而且需要许多实验室测量仪器，所以，一直被称为水声实验。就如何将海洋水声参数的测量工程化，实现多航次、大面积的高效率水声调查，对信号获取方法、信号分析与处理方法进行了探索性研究，并在专门的数据处理软件研制中，对提出的联合时频分析法进行了验证。     

Ocean effects on time delay estimation requiring adaptation

In active sonar and in passive sonar localization, time delay is a fundamental parameter whose extraction is vital to the sonar function. The underlying time delay parameter (or parameter vector) contains information about the acoustic source (or reflector) as seen through the ocean at a receiver. The ocean effects require sonar adaptation. A tutorial review of ocean effects in time delay estimation is provided, with references to benchmark work. It covers coherence, time-delay estimation, localization, time-varying time delay estimation, the complexity of the ocean environment, and depth estimation using mode matching     

Analysis of the formation and elimination of loops in twisted cable

Serious failures of ocean cable have resulted from the phenomenon known as hockling. When a cable is under tension, helical windings can cause the cable to twist. With relaxation of the tension, loops can form. Reapplication of tension tightens the loop, and at some point the loop in the cable may be eliminated or pop out. If it does not but hockles instead, serious damage will result. An analysis is made of the conditions for loop formation and pop-out. The force versus displacement at the ends of a twisted cable and the point at which the cable flips into a loop are derived in closed form from the basic differential equations of an elastica. From this, the maximum allowable cable slack is derived as a function of the cable's twist per unit length. For a cable in the looped configuration, the cable tension at which the loop pops out and the maximum curvature in the loop at the instant of pop-out are found as functions of the cable diameter, torque, and mechanical properties     

海洋专用CTD单芯电缆传输技术研究

对单芯电缆传输这种通讯技术的原理进行了阐述;分析提出了部分电路、部件的技术指标;作为一种数据传输的手段,对单芯电缆传输技术在海洋专用CTD中的应用进行了相关论述.     

Acoustic imagery using a multibeam bathymetric system

Historically, measurement and collection of deep‐ocean acoustic imagery are accomplished by towed sidescan systems. Recently, work has been performed to extract acoustic imagery from current hull‐mounted wide‐swath bathymetric sonars with minimal hardware modification. Past work of deriving acoustic imagery from swath sonars has been performed primarily with SeaBeam's sixteen 2^2/3 ° preformed beams. The Navy is investigating the feasibility of extracting an acoustic image from the Sonar Array Survey Systems (SASS), a high‐resolution (1^o beams) wide‐fan (90°) bathymetric system. Due to the large data volume (approximately 1 MB per ping), SASS normally discards the raw acoustic returns once bathymetry is calculated. In early 1991 the Naval Air Development Center (NADC) installed the hardware on board the USNS Maury to capture and record the raw acoustic signal (inphase and quadrature) from the SASS's 144 hydrophones for later inversion to a backscatter image. Preliminary qualitative mosaics of the sidescan images show promising results and warrant further development.     

一种用于深海光缆打捞剪切的新型设备

在国内外深海光缆线路维修中,由于现有专用设备性能的局限,对海光缆的打捞一直是一项耗时、耗财、耗力且难度较大的作业。文章介绍了一种以双握切割、两端同持方式剪切打捞海缆的新型设备,它不仅能在2 000 m水深的海底对海光缆进行可靠剪切,还能在剪切后将海缆的两个断头牢固握持,并自行辅接深海打捞所需的钢缆。证明了使用该设备可取代常规打捞的断头打捞,不仅大大提高了维修工作效率,更有效地提高了维修打捞工作的安全性和可靠性。