针灸治疗糖尿病前期的选穴规律分析

目的：总结针灸治疗糖尿病前期的选穴规律。方法：检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据（WANFANG DATA）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）中自建库以来公开发表的与针灸治疗糖尿病前期相关的文献资料进行统计学分析。结果：纳入文献38篇,临床研究34篇,共用49个腧穴,频次为251次。腧穴集中在足太阳膀胱经、足阳明胃经、任脉、足太阴脾经,选穴以足三里、脾俞、三阴交、肾俞、胃脘下俞、中脘、关元、丰隆、肝俞、胃俞为主,耳穴取肾、脾、胃、肺为主,以背腰部、腹部分布较多,特定穴以背俞穴、交会穴、募穴为主。结论：针灸治疗糖尿病前期取穴以背俞穴、募穴、交会穴为主,遵循远道取穴、局部取穴原则治疗。     

针灸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的取穴规律探究

目的：探究针灸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的取穴规律，以期为针灸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的临床取穴提供指导。方法：以“糖尿病周围神经病变”和“针灸”为检索词，查阅中国知网（CNKI）近10年来的相关文献，对其中所选用的腧穴进行整理、归纳，分析腧穴的种类、归经、所属部位及使用频次。结果：纳入文献共34篇中，用穴共72个，其中十四经穴66个，经外奇穴6个，腧穴总使用频次为461次（其中主穴117次，配穴344次）；最常用的主穴有足三里、胃脘下俞、肾俞、脾俞、三阴交、合谷、关元、肝俞、曲池、太溪；归经以足太阳膀胱经、足阳明胃经、足太阴脾经、手阳明大肠经为主；特定穴中以背俞穴、合穴及经外奇穴为主；配穴主要以病变四肢取穴为主。结论：针灸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变多以背俞穴结合病变四肢取穴为主，主穴与配穴相结合。     

基于复杂网络分析针刺治疗血管性认知障碍的取穴规律

采用复杂网络分析针刺治疗血管性认知障碍（VCI）的取穴规律。方法：收集中国知网（CNKI）自2000年1月1日至2021年9月30日针刺治疗VCI的文献,建立数据库,统计取穴个数、腧穴、归经、部位、特定穴等,并运用Cytoscape 3.2.1进行复杂网络分析,总结治疗该病的核心腧穴。结果：共纳入文献60篇,处方60首,腧穴89个,取穴443次,涵盖14条经络,取穴以3～9个穴位为主。针刺频次≥3次的腧穴共38个,排前5位的依次为百会、神庭、四神聪、风池、足三里。涉及经络11条,穴位部位6个,选穴最高部位为头面部。涉及特定穴12个,分别为交会穴、原穴、输穴、络穴、八会穴、合穴、背俞穴、八脉交会穴、募穴、井穴、郄穴、下合穴。核心腧穴包括百会、神庭、四神聪、太溪、风池、足三里、丰隆、悬钟、印堂。腧穴配伍关联性最强的是头面部局部腧穴配伍,包括百会-风池、百会-印堂、百会-四神聪。结论：针刺治疗VCI的腧穴部位主要集中于头面部、经络以督脉为主,注重特定穴的使用,所获得的核心腧穴可为临床治疗提供思路。     

基于数据挖掘分析针灸治疗脑卒中后平衡障碍的选穴规律

目的：基于数据挖掘分析针灸治疗脑卒中后平衡障碍的选穴规律。方法：计算机检索中国知网（CNKI）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）、万方数据（WANFANG DATA）中自建库以来至2020年7月与针灸治疗脑卒中后平衡障碍相关的文献,并建立数据库,运用数据挖掘技术的关联规则,对选用的腧穴种类、归经及使用频次进行统计分析。结果：共纳入28首针灸处方,共运用穴位72个（十四经穴64个、经外奇穴8个）,总应用频次234次,使用频次最多的腧穴为足三里;使用频率排前3位的腧穴部位是下肢、上肢及头面颈项;穴位选用频率最多的经络是足太阳膀胱经;特定穴选用频次排前3位的为五腧穴、交会穴、八脉交会穴。结论：针灸治疗脑卒中后平衡障碍取穴处方重视阳经取穴与下肢选穴,灵活运用针灸上下配穴以及本经配穴的原则,该取穴规律可为临床治疗提供参考依据。     

穴位注射治疗变应性鼻炎临床选穴规律的文献研究

目的：对穴位注射治疗变应性鼻炎（AR）的临床研究文献进行统计分析,探索其选穴规律,为临床上穴位注射治疗AR的选穴提供参考。方法：检索2008年1月1日至12月31日在中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据（WANFANG DATA）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、PubMed 中收录的以穴位注射为主要方法治疗AR的临床研究文献。对获得的文献进行整合分析,对穴位注射治疗AR所选腧穴的归经、使用频次及穴位分布进行统计分析,探究其选穴规律。结果：共纳入89篇以穴位注射为主要方法治疗AR的相关文献。在穴位注射治疗AR中使用频次前8位的穴位依次为足三里、迎香、肺俞、曲池、合谷、脾俞、肾俞、风门。共涉及经络10条,腧穴24个,穴次203次,选穴归经多为膀胱经、大肠经、胃经上的穴位。常用穴位主要分布在头颈部、腰背。腧穴特定穴以交会穴、合穴、背俞穴为主。结论：穴位注射治疗变应性鼻炎的腧穴选择相对集中,以阳经穴位为主。局部取穴与标本取穴是穴位注射治疗变应性鼻炎的主要选穴规律。穴位配伍体现了中医标本兼治的治疗原则。     

基于数据挖掘分析针刺治疗突发性耳聋的选穴规律

目的：通过数据挖掘技术分析针刺治疗突发性耳聋的选穴规律。方法：检索2013年1月1日至2022年10月20日中国知网（CNKI）和维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）中针刺治疗突发性耳聋的临床文献,按纳入和排除标准筛选文献并提取腧穴处方,采用Excel统计腧穴频次,使用IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0、SPSS Modeler 18.0软件进行关联性分析。结果：纳入63篇文献,共计63首穴位处方。使用频次排前5位的穴位依次是听会、翳风、听宫、耳门、中渚;最常选取的经脉为手少阳三焦经、足少阳胆经和手太阳小肠经;使用频率排前3位的特定穴是交会穴、五输穴和八脉交会穴;腧穴分布情况主要以头颈部腧穴为主,其次是下肢与上肢的腧穴。关联性分析结果提示,核心腧穴处方为翳风-外关-听宫-听会-中渚-耳门,核心穴对是翳风-外关-听宫。结论：针刺治疗突发性耳聋以核心穴组为基础,兼顾祛风、活血、补肾及醒脑开窍,临床应结合经络配穴及辨证取穴。     

针刺治疗视神经萎缩的选穴规律探讨

目的：通过对近20年针灸治疗视神经萎缩的文献进行分析，探讨选穴规律，为临床治疗视神经萎缩提供参考。方法：检索中文数据库CNKI、万方、VIP 1998—2018年针灸治疗视神经萎缩的相关文献，对其中的选穴规律进行总结分析。结果：检索出相关文献51篇，涉及经脉14条、腧穴63个，选用腧穴的所属经脉按其应用频率从高到低依次为足太阳膀胱经（23.29%）、足少阳胆经（14.44%）、足阳明胃经（10.83%）；使用频率超过3%的主穴有睛明、球后、风池、攒竹、承泣、太阳、合谷、百会、足三里、上睛明；使用频率超过5%的配穴有太溪、三阴交、足三里、肝俞、合谷、肾俞、光明；经外奇穴使用率为11.55%，经验穴使用率为4.51%；腧穴分布依次为眶周（34.66%）、四肢部（38.81%）、头项部（14.08%）、腰背胸腹部（14.08%）。结论：针灸治疗视神经萎缩选穴以足三阳经与经外奇穴为主，其中足太阳膀胱经的使用穴位个数、使用总频次为最高；主穴的选择以足太阳膀胱经、足阳明胃经与经外奇穴为主，配穴以足三阳经、手阳明大肠经以及足少阴肾经为主；选穴的部位集中在眼眶周围。     

基于数据挖掘的针刺治疗糖尿病足选穴规律分析

目的：挖掘针刺治疗糖尿病足的选穴配伍规律。方法：检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据（WANFANG DATA）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）、PubMed、ScienceDirect等数据库自建库至2022年6月1日发表的针刺治疗糖尿病足的临床文献。建立Excel数据库,并采用开源软件R语言中的arules包和arulesViz包进行数据挖掘和可视化。结果：共获得处方75首,涉及穴位57个（含经外奇穴7个）,经脉11条。针刺治疗糖尿病足使用频次排名前6位的穴位依次为足三里、三阴交、阳陵泉、阴陵泉、丰隆、太溪;使用频次排名前3位的经脉依次为足阳明胃经、足太阴脾经、足少阳胆经;穴位部位主要在下肢部和腰背部。关联规则分析显示临床选用穴位具有高度相关性,关联规则的前20项中主要为足三里、三阴交、阴陵泉、阳陵泉之间及其部分与曲池、丰隆、关元之间的联系。结论：针刺治疗糖尿病足主要取足阳明胃经、足太阴脾经、足少阳胆经的下肢部位穴位,核心穴位为足三里、三阴交、阴陵泉、阳陵泉,配伍时多采用阴阳经、表里经并取。     

基于数据挖掘技术探析针灸促醒的选穴规律

目的:采用数据挖掘技术分析针灸促醒的选穴规律。方法:检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据（WANFANG DATA）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）、PubMed收录的针灸促醒的临床研究文献,应用Excel 2019软件建立文献信息数据库,分析其选穴特点和规律,并应用SPSS 25.0软件进行聚类分析。结果：纳入文献136篇,获得针灸处方136首,涉及腧穴113个、头针刺激区7个。腧穴总使用频次为1197次,其中人中、内关、三阴交的使用频次最高;腧穴归经频次最高的为督脉、心包经;特定穴以交会穴和井穴为主;腧穴分布部位主要在下肢部、上肢部及头面部、颈项部;聚类分析得到印堂-四神聪-委中-太冲-合谷-足三里-涌泉-百会-三阴交-内关-人中、哑门-极泉-尺泽-神庭-风府-风池-劳宫-曲池、完骨-阳陵泉-隐白3类腧穴配伍。结论：醒脑开窍针刺法为现代针灸促醒的典型代表组穴,取穴以人中、内关、三阴交为主,强调醒脑开窍,同时兼顾养髓益神、滋补肝肾、调理气血、疏通经络;多选取督脉、手厥阴心包经腧穴,着重四肢部、头面及颈项部腧穴的应用,体现出局部取穴及辨证取穴相结合的特点及形神兼治的重要思想,注重特定穴的应用,以交会穴及井穴的应用为多。     

针灸治疗功能性消化不良的循证治疗方案研究

目的：结合现代文献的针灸治疗功能性消化不良方案评估，完善具有证据推荐强度的针灸治疗方案，便于临床医师在临证治疗时有据可循。方法：采用回顾性临床文献研究方式，检索中文数据库1996～2016年（中国生物医学光盘数据库、中国知网、维普期刊数据库和万方数据库）中公开发表的针灸治疗功能性消化不良的临床研究文献，应用文献计量学研究方法进行归纳。结果：针灸治疗功能性消化不良选取腧穴以足太阳膀胱经和足阳明胃经最多；排名前3位使用频率最高的腧穴是：足三里、天枢、公孙；特定穴选取以下合穴、合穴及背俞穴最佳。结论：针灸治疗功能性消化不良的良好疗效与循经取穴及相关经络特定穴的使用有密切关系。     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.