二色桌片参酶解液主要营养成分及抗癌作用的初步研究

对海参纲动物－－二色桌片参Ｍｅｎｓａｍａｒｉｓ ｉｎｔｅｒｃｅｄｅｎｓ（Ｌａｍｐａｒｔ）及其酶解液主要营养成分的测定表明,二色桌片参干品蛋白含量达８５．９８％,５５ｇ海参干粉经酶解成１００ｍＬ后还原糖和游离氨基酸含量分别为５３５ｍｇ／ＬＴ６９２４ｍｇ／Ｌ,维生素Ａ为９３９．３μｇ／Ｌ,维生素３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。该海参酶解液可抑制体外培养的癌细胞生长,并有一定的逆转癌细胞恶性表型的作用。     

二色桌片参的化学成分研究：Ⅲ、二色桌片参多糖—1——岩藻聚糖的免疫调节

研究了二色桌片参多糖－1（PMI－1）在体内、体外的免疫调节作用。结果表明。二色桌片参多糖－1体外能促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖，促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IL－2；体内能显著促进迟发型敏反应，增加脾指数，胸腺指数：具有显著的免疫增强作用。     

二色桌片参的化学成分研究Ⅲ。二色桌片参多糖-1－岩藻聚糖的免疫调节作用

研究了二色桌片参多糖-1(PMI-1)在体内、体外的免疫调节作用。结果表明，二色桌片参多糖-1体外能促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖，促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IL-2：体内能显著促进迟发型超敏反应，增加脾指数、胸腺指数；具有显著的免疫增强作用。     

二色桌片参皂苷药理作用的初步研究

本文对两种二色桌片参皂苷提取物的抑菌作用，及其对动物的心脏活动、动脉血压、骨骼肌收缩、镇咳、造血功能、应激作用、胸腺生长等方面的药理作用进行了研究．结果表明，二色桌片参皂苷在抑制动物心脏收缩、降血压、镇咳、增强造血功能和应激能力等方面具有显著的药理作用，但其毒性作用也不容忽视。     

二色桌片参皂苷的分离及其理化性质

二色桌片参是闽南粤东沿海的重要水产资源,其生物洗性物质的研究至今尚未见报道。本文对二色桌片参的基本组成分进行了检测,着重对其海参毒素进行了矣理化性质的初步研究,结果表明,二色桌片参含有生物活性很强的物质－皂苷,并发现其皂苷具有蓉光性,利用其荧光光谱可作为其提取纯度的佐证,并可作为一种快速的定量依据。     

二色桌片参次生代谢产物的分离与结构测定

从福建东山湾海区采集的二色桌片参的醇一醇提取液中分离出6种次生代谢产物，经IR、NMR、MS等结构测定技术测定，确定它们的化学结构为尿嘧啶，胸腺嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷、腺嘌呤核苷、神经酰胺和鞘类脂糖苷．6种次生代谢产物都是首次从二色桌片参中得到的．     

黄河水中镉（Ⅱ）与悬浮粒子液—固界面交换反应的研究

本文研究了黄河悬浮粒子与镉（Ⅱ）相互作用的离子交换率（％）—pH曲线，以及河水中赖氨酸存在下对该曲线的影响。主要结果有；（1）镉以Cd（OH）+形式在悬浮粒子上进行阳离子交换，在天然pH下（8．0×8．5），镉离子交换率接近最大值；（2）镉离子浓度由8．9×10－6mol·L－1增加到2×8．9×10－6mol．L－1时，离子交换率降低；（3）浓度为6．8×10－6mol·L－1的赖氨酸对提高离子交换率起促进作用；（4）交换剂为转化沙的镉离子交换率比未转化沙小；（5）海水、金沙江水中悬浮粒子对镉的吸附弱于黄河水。     

钝顶螺旋藻的硝酸还原酶与氢酶之间的电子竞争

于1994年6－11月，运用生物化学方法以钝项螺旋藻为材料制备整体细胞和无细胞提取物。测定表明，整体细胞硝酸还原酶与氢酶活性的相互关系和无细胞提取物氢酶与硝酸还原酶的（对还原甲基紫精）Km值，分别为2．299×10－7mol／L和1．098×10－7mol／L；证实在硝酸还原酶与氢酶之间存在着电子竞争。     

盐度对日本鳗鲡生长及非特异性免疫酶活性的影响

利用实验生态学和酶学方法,在浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所清江试验场研究了盐度对平均体长为25．1±5．6cm的日本鳗鲡（Anguillajaponica）生长及其血清溶茵酶（LZM）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性的影响,实验持续60d．实验设置了5个盐度梯度（盐度5、10、15、20、25）和对照组（盐度0）,每梯度设3个平行组,各组盐度和pH值保持一致．日本鳗鲡血清中免疫酶活力指标：碱性磷酸酶、溶茵酶、超氧化物歧化酶在实验的第7天和第14天测定．实验结果表明,盐度5组相对增重率最高（279．78％±28．37％）,其次是盐度10组（278．74％±22．25％）,盐度15、20、25组相对增重率分别为234．39％±21．28％、230．28％±26．31％、228．01％±29．29％．对照组相对增重率为233．20％-4-25．18％,盐度5和10组与对照组差异显著（P〈0．05）,其余各组与对照组差异不显著．第7天和第14天,盐度10组碱性磷酸酶活性最高,分别为225．05U／dm。和251．11U／dm’,其次是盐度5组,分别为221．76U／dm。和236．01U／dm。,显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）．第7天和第14天盐度20、25组溶菌酶活性显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）．超氧化物歧化酶随着盐度的升高呈逐步上升趋势．第14天,盐度20、25纽溶菌酶活性仍保持较高水平,SOD回落至对照组水平,而各组AKP较第7天略有上升．     

6-DMAP诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体 5.孵化率和D幼畸形率与三倍体诱导率的关系

１９９６～１９９７年,在进行６－ＤＭＡＰ（６－二甲基氨基嘌呤）诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体实验的同时,进行胚胎孵化率和Ｄ形幼虫畸形率与三倍体诱导率关系的研究。解剖法获取精卵,人工授精。三因素三水平Ｌ９（３４）正交试验、分组的实验结果表明：胚胎孵化率与三倍体诱导率间呈不显著的负相关（ｒ＝－０．０７４）,ｙ＝６４．９２５－０．０５６ｘ;Ｄ形幼虫畸形率与三倍体诱导率间呈显著的正相关（ｒ＝０．３８５,Ｐ＜０．０５）,ｙ＝１２．１３５＋０．２７２ｘ。三因素四水平Ｌ１６（４５）正交试验、分组的实验结果表明：胚胎孵化率与三倍体诱导率间呈不显著的负相关（ｒ＝－０．２１０）,ｙ＝７６．６１８－０．４７１ｘ;Ｄ形幼虫畸形率与三倍体诱导率间呈不显著的负相关（ｒ＝－０．０２２）,ｙ＝２３．１１５－０．０２９ｘ。讨论提出：在保证一定的三倍体诱导率的前提下,对获取的精卵进行离体促熟和必要的洗卵、缩短诱导持续时间,是提高胚胎孵化率和降低Ｄ形幼虫畸形率的重要措施。     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces

The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》Vol. 33(2014) contents

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INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,