南海北部深海小型底栖动物丰度和生物量

2010年9月在南海北部5个深海站位和1个浅海站位进行了小型底栖动物和环境因子采样,对小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量进行了定量研究。本次调查中,共鉴定出10个小型底栖动物类群,分别是线虫、桡足类、多毛类、介形类、甲壳类幼体、异足类、寡毛类、涡虫、无板类和等足类。从丰度来看,线虫是绝对的优势类群,占总丰度百分比为94.72%;桡足类次之,占2.70%;多毛类再次,占1.62%;其他类群之和仅占0.96%。从生物量来看,线虫的生物量最大,占总生物量的53.83%;其次是多毛类,占32.17%;居生物量第三位的是桡足类,占7.14%;其他类群之和占6.85%。小型底栖动物的丰度和干重生物量分别为566.12±635.61个·(10cm2)-1和398.43±431.98μg·(10cm 2)-1,线虫的丰度和干重生物量分别为536.21±593.48个·(10cm 2)-1和214.48±237.39μg·(10cm 2)-1。研究站位线虫、桡足类、多毛类和小型底栖动物丰度,小型底栖动物生物量与环境因子的相关分析表明,影响线虫丰度、小型底栖动物丰度、小型底栖生物生物量的主要环境因子包括底层水pH值、沉积物粉砂黏土含量和有机质含量。单因素方差分析(One-way ANVOA)结果表明,线虫丰度、桡足类丰度、小型底栖动物丰度和生物量在不同站位均有显著差异。与渤海、北黄海、南黄海、长江口、芽庄湾(越南)、大亚湾、北部湾、南海近海等海域相比,本研究海域的小型底栖动物丰度和生物量偏低。     

台湾海峡中北部海域春季小型底栖生物丰度和生物量

2009年4月14～16日在台湾海峡中北部海域进行了小型底栖生物调查研究.结果表明,研究海域的小型底栖生物平均丰度为21.11±16.29 ind/cm^2;平均生物量为20.97±4.96μg/cm^2（以干重记）.研究海域共鉴定出13个小型底栖生物类群,按丰度,最优势类群为自由生活海洋线虫其丰度为19.23±15.49 ind/cm^2,占小型底栖生物总丰度的91.10%,其他优势类群依次为底栖桡足类和多毛类,分别占小型底栖生物总丰度的2.77%和2.64%;分布在0～5 cm的表层沉积物内的小型底栖生物约为83.18%,线虫和底栖桡足类分布在0～2 cm的比例分别为57.66%和62.96%.小型底栖生物的生物量低于大型底栖生物,但由于其繁殖快,生命周期短,因此,其生物量约为大型底栖生物的445倍,年平均生产量约为大型底栖生物的1.39倍.     

长江口及邻近陆架海区夏季小型底栖动物群落结构研究

根据2006年7月13日至8月30日在长江口及邻近陆架海区采集的小型底栖动物样品,对小型底栖动物类群组成,丰度、生物量的水平分布和垂直分布以及调查海区的环境因子进行了研究。结果表明：研究海域小型底栖动物有线虫、桡足类、多毛类、寡毛类、介形类、螨类、双壳类、腹毛类、动吻类、端足类和等足类等11个类群及无节幼体等。平均丰度为453.22±355.34 ind/10 cm2,最优势类群为线虫,占小型底栖动物总丰度的81.37%,次优势类群分别为底栖桡足类和多毛类,分别占小型底栖动物总丰度的10.13%和2.96%。平均生物量为622.65±505.07 μg/10 cm2,生物量占比最高的类群为多毛类,占总生物量的30.21%,其次分别为线虫和寡毛类,分别占小型底栖动物总生物量的23.69%和19.44%。水平分布上,从河口冲淡水区到东海陆架深水区,小型底栖生物丰度呈现由低到高的变化趋势,杭州湾小型底栖动物丰度为240.96±223.47 ind/10 cm2,长江口近岸区为442.91±304.16 ind/10 cm2,东海陆架深水区为865.42±553.88 ind/10 cm2。垂直分布上,小型底栖动物主要分布在0~2 cm层,丰度为290.28±250.03 ind/10 cm2;其次是2~5 cm层,丰度为132.81±128.74 ind/10 cm2;5~10 cm层分布最少,丰度为30.14±31.91 ind/10 cm2。其中线虫、多毛类、寡毛类与桡足类等主要类群的垂直分布与总分布趋势相同。与环境因子进行相关分析表明,调查海区小型底栖动物的丰度主要与水深、盐度和溶解氧显著相关,对小型底栖动物分布影响最大的环境因子组合为溶解氧和盐度。     

北黄海小型底栖生物丰度和生物量时空分布特征

分别于2006年7月和2007年1,4和10月在北黄海陆架浅海水域进行小型底栖生物调查.结果表明,4个航次的小型底栖生物平均丰度分别为(1 099±634),(664±495),(1 601±837)和(524±378) ind·10 cm-2;平均生物量分别为(1 446.34±764.66),(428.63±294.84),(1 580.53±1 041.23)和(793.50±475.83) μg·dwt·10 cm-2.共鉴定出18个小型底栖生物类群,按丰度,自由生活海洋线虫为最优势类群,4个航次的优势度分别为72%,90%,85%和74%,其他优势类群依次是桡足类、多毛类、动吻类和介形类;按生物量依次是线虫、桡足类、多毛类、介形类和双壳类.97%的小型底栖生物分布在0～5 cm的表层沉积物内,线虫和桡足类分布在0～2 cm沉积物的比例分别为86%和87%.二因素方差分析(two-way ANOVA)表明:小型底栖生物丰度和生物量在由4个航次所代表的春、夏、秋、冬各季节之间存在显著差异(春、夏高于秋、冬),在4个航次的5个相同取样站位之间也有显著差异.小型底栖生物的丰度和生物量与水深和底盐呈负相关性.北黄海冷水团对小型底栖生物丰度和生物量时空分布有一定的影响.     

南大西洋洋中脊调查区小型底栖生物丰度和生物量研究

“大洋一号”调查船于2011年5—6月在南大西洋中脊14°S附近进行了7个站位的小型底栖生物采样。共鉴定出小型底栖生物10个类群。小型底栖生物平均丰度为(60.63±54.77) ind/10 cm²,平均干重生物量为(9.42±8.92) μg/10 cm²。线虫是其中的优势类群,丰度为(47.42±47.99)ind/10 cm²,占总丰度的78.21%,另外,肉鞭动物和桡足类分别占总丰度的16.63%和3.91%。生物量前3位的类群依次为桡足类、线虫和肉鞭动物。小型底栖生物密度随沉积物深度增加而减少,约73.55%的生物丰度分布在0～2 cm层内。个体大小方面,有75.32%的小型底栖生物粒径处于32～125 μm范围内。     

湄洲湾灵川贝类养殖滩涂小型底栖动物数量研究

2005年6月至2006年3月对湄洲湾北岸灵川贝类养殖滩涂的小型底栖动物进行研究,并探讨了贝类养殖对滩涂底栖环境可能造成的影响.结果表明:小型底栖动物的总平均密度为65.7±37.5个/cm2,春季(3月)的密度比其它季节高.线虫和桡足类是小型底栖动物密度的主要组成,其中线虫平均密度为63.9个/cm2,约占密度组成的97.3%;桡足类平均密度为0.77个/cm2,约占密度组成的1.2%.许多站次的线虫和桡足类数量之比(N/C)均超过100,多贝类养殖的Y断面的小型底栖动物密度、N/C均比寡贝类养殖的F断面高.     

南麂列岛海洋自然保护区潮间带小型生物初步研究

20 0 1年 10月对浙江省南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区潮间带进行小型生物采样调查。大沙岙沙滩小型生物丰度较低 ,中潮带为 2 91.9ind· 10 cm-2 ,低潮带为 5 16.8ind· 10 cm-2 。线虫是最优势类群 ,线虫 /桡足类比分别为 3.2 7和 1.0 6,表明沙滩环境质量良好 ,未受到有机质污染。岩相潮间带有 4种大型底栖海藻。附植小型生物平均丰度为 36.1ind· g-1dw algae,桡足类为最优势类群。附植大型底栖动物丰度 4 4 .6ind· g-1dwt algae,大于小型生物丰度。     

莱州湾和牟平近海夏季小型底栖生物群落组成及环境状况分析

为探究莱州湾和牟平近海小型底栖生物群落组成及影响因子,作者于2016年7月在这两个海域采集了沉积物样品,并结合沉积环境因子进行了小型底栖生物群落组成分析。结果表明,在莱州湾和牟平近海各仅检获了7个小型底栖生物类群,且莱州湾的小型底栖生物平均丰度和生物量均明显低于牟平近岸海域。莱州湾线虫和桡足类平均丰度分别占小型底栖生物的91.9%和6.3%,牟平近海分别占92.1%和4.2%。对两个海域小型底栖生物群落组成与环境因子进行Pearson相关性分析,结果显示:小型底栖生物丰度与底层水溶解氧含量呈显著正相关;表层小型底栖生物丰度比与沉积物中叶绿素a含量、脱镁叶绿素含量、沉积物有机质含量以及水深呈显著正相关,与中值粒径和底层水温度呈显著负相关。本研究显示,基于不同沉积物类型中的参考比值,线虫和桡足类丰度比值(N/C)可用于莱州湾和牟平近海沉积环境有机污染状况的评估。研究还发现,牟平海域的小型底栖生物丰度和生物量呈现由近岸向外海增加的异常趋势,且小型底栖生物的数量和类群多样性较十年前显著降低,显示沉积环境受到了明显干扰。     

南海东北部夏季小型底栖生物研究

采用现场调查和实验室分选的方法,对在南海东北部海域(2017年8月)采集的7个站位点的小型底栖生物沉积物样品进行了分选分析研究。通过对样品的类群组成、丰度、生物量以及空间分布等方面的分析结果表明,南海东北部海域7个站位点小型底栖动物的平均丰度为(224.3±52)ind./10cm2,分选出小型底栖动物三个大类群,其中线虫占整个小型底栖生物总丰度的95.7%,其次为底栖桡足类(4.1%),多毛类(0.2%)。本次研究中线虫的平均个体干质量为0.15μg/个;在生物量上,线虫为(32.2±12.96)μg/10cm2,占小型底栖生物总生物量的58.7%。垂直分布上65.7%的小型底栖动物以及其中最优势的线虫(64.8%)都分布在沉积物表层0—2cm处。本航次样品中共鉴定出海洋线虫293种或分类实体,隶属于105属,26科,4目,其中发现并描述了2个新种和5个新纪录。主要优势属有Halalaimus、Sabatieria、Cervonema、Molgolaimus和Acantholaimus等。在摄食类型上,沉积食性者(1A+1B)占优势(物种数占70.3%,个体数占72%);雌雄比例为1︰0.45,幼龄个体占线虫群落个体总数的32.5%。通过分析研究小型底栖动物各个类群的丰度和生物量以及与其他海域相关研究进行对比,结果显示,南海相较其他海域整体丰度偏低。就目前已有的南海相关研究资料中,本文研究的南海东北部海域的丰度也偏低;南海东北部海域的研究为南海小型底栖生态学研究补充数据,为以后我国线虫的研究提供基础资料。     

大亚湾秋季小型底栖生物初步研究

2009年10月对大亚湾海域的小型底栖动物丰度和生物量进行了研究.结果表明,小型底栖动物的平均丰度为(593±265)ind·(10cm)?2,呈湾内向湾外递增趋势;平均生物量和生产量分别为(568.39±294.49)μg·(10cm)?2(干重)和(5115.53±2811.14)μg·(10cm)?2(干重).在分选的17个主要类群中,海洋线虫在丰度上占绝对优势达92.24%,其次是多毛类和桡足类,分别为2.05%和1.98%.在生物量上,海洋线虫(38.47%)和多毛类(29.97%)为绝对优势类群,其次是寡毛类(13.82%)和介形类(9.15%).在垂直分布上,占总量约53.02%的小型底栖动物和51.44%的海洋线虫分布于0—2cm表层.统计分析表明,本海域的小型底栖动物生物量与含水率、中值粒径和黏土+粉砂含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),多毛类的生物量与小型底栖动物表现的显著相关性相同,桡足类的生物量与中值粒径值呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与沉积物的黏土+粉砂含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),而线虫生物量与环境因子无显著相关关系.由海洋线虫与桡足类的数量比(用 N/C 表示)与本海域环境状况的分析表明,该数值可以在一定尺度上为海洋环境检测提供参考.     

Quantitative distribution of the meiobenthos in Baidaratskaya Bay (Kara Sea)

The quantitative characteristics and spatial distribution of the meiobenthos in Baidaratskaya Bay (Kara sea) were analyzed based on data collected in 1994–2007. The extremely high density of the meiobenthos (up to 8121 ind/10 cm², average 2318 ind/10 cm²) makes it possible to consider Baidaratskaya Bay among the most productive Arctic regions. The spatial distribution of the meiobenthos was mostly determined by the depth and sediment properties in the subtidal zone of the bay. The density of meiobenthic organisms decreased with depth, and with the increase of the small sediment fraction. The difference in the meiobenthic densities between the two coastal areas of the bay (Yamal and Jugora CAs) is also revealed. Such difference caused by the combined effects of small-scale and mesoscale factors, mainly by the grain size. Opposite changes in the meio- and macrobenthic biomass with depth is shown.     

厦门浔江湾牡蛎养殖区弧菌研究

利用ＭＰＮ法及ＡＰＩ２０Ｅ系统对厦门浔江湾牡蛎养殖区的特牡蛎体、水体及底质三类榈进行弧菌分析。结果表明，三类榈的弧菌密度随季节呈春，夏〉秋，冬趋而变化。牡蛎体弧菌密度与水样、底质样弧菌密度之间的相关数值分别为０．８１４３和０．５９５５，二者都高于０．３２５，因此呈显著相关，而且前两者相关关系更密切。     

Meiobenthos in Nha trang bay of the south China sea (Vietnam)

The distribution of the taxonomical composition and the density of meiobenthos depending on the sediment type has been studied in bottom sediments of Nha Trang Bay. The maximal population density and the taxonomical diversity were observed in the silted coarse and heterogeneous sand (1031.4μ419.7 ind. 10 cm^-2), whereas the minimal level of density and diversity (588.1μ152.5 ind. 10 cm^-2) was in the coarse and heterogeneous sand with shell debris and corals. The correlation between the median diameter of sediment particles and population density of meiobenthos has been revealed (r=0.82, p<0.05). In bottom sediments of Nha Trang Bay, twenty six taxonomic groups of meiobenthos were observed. Nematodes dominated in all sediment types. Representatives of four orders, twenty eight families and ninety seven genera of marine nematodes were identified. The vertical distribution of meiobenthos in different sediment types was considered. A sediment column (10 cm height) was sectioned by five 2 cm portions. In the last layer (8-10 cm) the most number of meiobenthic groups was found in sandy sediments. In the lower layers of silt sediments, only nematodes were found.     

Composition and distribution of meiobenthos in amursky bay (peter the great bay, the east sea)

Qualitative and quantitative composition of meiobenthos was studied in Amursky Bay (Peter the Great Bay, the East Sea). Ten taxonomic groups were found, where nematodes were dominant. Density of meiobenthos in ground sediments of the Bay were not uniform, and the average density was measured at 126.4±62.3 ind. m^-2. 56 species of nematodes were detected, and dominant species wereSabatieria palmaris, Paracanthonchus macrodon, Sphaerolaimus limosus, S. gracilis andOncholaimium ramosum. Five taxocenes of nematodes were allocated based on the results of cluster analysis and species domination according to density. Low diversity in species composition of nematodes was noted in the northwestern part of the Bay, which is a zone of desalination, and in the eastern part, which is exposed to household drains.     

Meiobenthos in estuary part of ha long bay (gulf of tonkin, south china sea, vietnam)

The distribution of the taxonomical composition and the density of meiobenthos depending on some factors of environment has been studied in bottom sediments of the northern estuary part of Ha Long Bay (Cua Luc estuary). The basic factor of influence on meiobenthic community structure was the granulometric composition of sediment. The greatest taxonomic diversity is noted in the silted sands, lowest — in the silty sediments. The density of meiobenthic community was higher in the silty sediments. Slightly expressed correlation between the density of nematodes and the percentage of silty particles in the sediments is detected (Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.49±0.21, p=0.035). The nematodes were dominant at all stations. In total, representatives of 66 species of nematodes belonging to 17 families and 52 genera were identified.     

福建主要海湾潮下带水深0—5m多毛类的分布

本文根据1985年10—11月调查资料,研究了福建10个海湾潮下带水深0—5m多毛类的种类组成与数量分布及其与环境因子的关系。     

胶州湾沉积物中氨基酸对有机质降解及细菌源贡献的指示作用解析

基于对胶州湾表层沉积物中总可水解氨基酸（THAA）的含量、组成、构型及分布特征的系统研究，通过氨基酸碳氮归一化产率（THAA-C%，THAA-N%）、降解因子DI、反应活性指数RI以及D型氨基酸占比（D-AA%，摩尔百分比）等指标结合碳氮比（TOC/TN）、碳稳定同位素（δ13C）探析了胶州湾沉积物中有机质的来源与降解状态，利用细菌源有机质及胞外肽酶活性（EEA）探讨了微生物在有机质迁移转化过程中的作用与贡献。结果表明，胶州湾表层沉积物中氨基酸平均含量为（7.60±3.64）μmol/g，在陆源与海源混合影响下，其水平分布呈现湾内高于湾外、湾内东部高于西部的特点，表明湾内东部陆源输入对沉积物THAA具有较高贡献。THAA-C%、THAA-N%、DI、RI以及D-AA%等指示因子均显示胶州湾表层沉积物中有机质的降解程度呈现湾外高于湾内、湾内东部高于西部的变化趋势，有机质来源、微生物活性与上覆水水深共同影响了有机质的降解程度。胶州湾表层沉积物中细菌源有机碳的贡献率为（29.35±18.73）%，其水平分布显示出湾内西部与湾外相近且高于湾内东部的特点。细菌胞外肽酶活性（EEA）平均为（0.81±1.31）nmol/（g·h）（以MCA计），整体分布趋势与细菌贡献率相反，呈现湾内东部高于湾内西部和湾外的特性。沉积物中有机质的不同海源、陆源占比决定了有机质的可降解性，而有机质的降解程度进一步影响了细菌源有机质的贡献与胞外肽酶活性。     

The Meiobenthos Along a Mediterranean Deep-Sea Transect off Calvi (Corsica) and in an Adjacent Canyon

Abstract. Meiobenthos densities (excluding hard-shcllcd foraminifcrans) were compared along a Mediterranean deep-sea transect off Calvi (Corsica) and in an adjacent canyon. Chloroplastic Pigment Equivalent values (CPE) provided an estimate of the amount of primary production reaching the bottom.
The stations along the transect were characterized by a low CPE content of the sediment, decreasing with increasing station depth. CPE values in the canyon were much higher, which probably resulted from import of material from the adjacent bay of Calvi. Similarly, meiobenthos densities along the transect were much lower than at comparable depths along the canyon.
Meiobenthos density was significantly and positively correlated with CPE values.
Nematodes were the most abundant taxon at all stations, followed by copepods + nauplii and the soft-shelled foraminiferans. The meiobenthos was most abundant in the upper half centimeter. Nematode and foraminiferan densities tended to decline less rapidly with increasing depth into the sediment. Specimens belonging to the recently described phylum Loricifera, larvae of the parasitic crustacean class Tantulocarida, and fragments of an infaunal Xenophyophoria (large protozoans) are reported for the first time from the Mediterranean.     

Dissolved inorganic carbon and CO2 fluxes across Jiaozhou Bay air-water interface

On the basis of data collected in the Jiaozhou Bay in June and July 2003, the DIC distribution in seawater is studied,and an average air-sea flux of CO2 is estimated. The results show that the content of DIC inside the bay is markedly higher than outside the bay in June, but the contem of DIC outside the bay is markedly higher than inside the bay in July. The trend of DIC distribution inside the bay is similar, viz. the content is the maximum in the northeast, then decreases gradually toward the west, and the content is the minimum in the west. The total trend of vertical distribution is to increase gradually from surface to bottom. This characteristic of DIC distribution is determined by Jiaozhou Bay hydrology and there is a close relation between DIC and particulate N.P. Average CO2 flux across the air-sea interface is 0.55 mol/(m^2.a) in June and 0.72 mol/(m^2.a) in July. Jiaozhou Bay is considered as a net annual source for atmospheric CO2 in June and July, and the total CO2 flux from seawater into atmosphere is about 740 t in June and 969 t in July.