长湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为研究长湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子间的关系,于2012年4月至2013年1月进行了4次调查采样。共鉴定出浮游动物67种(不包括原生动物),以轮虫种类为主(42种),其丰度与生物量均占据较大优势。浮游动物丰度的季节性差异显著,夏季最高(4412ind./L),冬季最低(831ind./L)。季节间的物种更替率大于59%,但优势种种类的季节变化不明显。优势种共8种,均为轮虫,萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachiouns calyciflorus)、针簇多枝轮虫(Polyarthra trigla Ehrenberg)是四个季节均出现的优势种,P.trigla Ehrenberg的优势度与出现频率均是各个季节的最大值,各季节这两种优势种的丰度和在总丰度的占比均超过59.13%。依据Shannon指数、Pielou指数、Margalef指数评价长湖水体处于中度污染,肥度指数评价长湖处于富营养状态。相关性分析、多元逐步回归方程、冗余分析的结果显示:水温是影响长湖浮游动物群落结构季节变化的关键因子;浮游植物表征含量chl a也是影响长湖浮游动物群落结构的关键因子,总氮、总磷通过影响浮游植物的群落结构间接地影响浮游动物的组成;能耐受较高p H的B.calyciflorus在长湖碱性水体中有较好的适应性;夏季马洪台区较低的溶解氧一定程度上限制了该区域轮虫的生长,总悬浮物通过降低溶解氧对浮游动物产生间接作用;化学需氧量对P.trigla Ehrenberg、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)等耐污种的影响较大,并对浮游动物的丰度产生正向作用。     

拉林河浮游植物三种功能群分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

浮游植物是河流生态系统能量流动与信息传递的关键环节。浮游植物及其功能性状对于水体水文条件、理化特征及气候变化敏感,因此被广泛应用于水体环境监测。拉林河流域是我国北方重要稻米基地和商品粮基地,受农业面源污染严重。然而,拉林河流域浮游植物群落演替规律尚不明确,基于不同生态属性的功能群对拉林河环境的指示意义仍不清晰。于2021年春季和夏季在拉林河流域设置23个采样点对浮游植物群落进行定性定量分析。基于浮游植物功能群(functional group,FG)、生态功能群(morpho-functional group,MFG)和形态功能群(morphology-based functional group,MBFG)分析浮游植物群落演替特征。通过冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)揭示驱动浮游植物群落演替的关键环境因子。结果显示,研究期间拉林河流域浮游植物群落演替明显,划分FG功能群25个,MFG功能群24个,MBFG功能群7个。FG、MFG和MBFG功能群的演替受多种环境因素共同影响,其中水温(water temperature,WT)和总氮(total nitroge...     

象山港海洋牧场示范区浮游植物的群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

根据2014年4月至2015年1月于象山港海洋牧场示范区和对照区四季的浮游植物及同步的环境调查数据,对浮游植物的群落特征进行研究,并应用冗余分析(RDA)研究了该海域环境因子对浮游植物群落结构的影响。共鉴定出浮游植物95种,隶属于7门59属,主要由硅藻(64种)、绿藻(10种)和甲藻(9种)组成。优势种主要有琼氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus jonesianus)、太阳漂流藻(Planktoniella sol)和星脐圆筛藻(C.asteromphalus),且存在明显的季节演替现象。双因素分析结果表明:季节间,浮游植物丰度、多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener多样性、Pielou均匀度和Margalef丰富度)和环境因子(水温、盐度、p H、DO、NO_3-N、NO_2-N、NH_4-N、PO_4-P和Si O_3-Si)均存在极显著差异(P0.01),秋、春季全区丰度(121.59和79.39×10~4个/m~3)显著高于冬、夏季(13.05和7.05×10~4个/m~3),多样性指数均表现为冬夏秋春季;区域间,丰度、多样性指数和环境因子均无显著性差异(P0.05),示范区浮游植物丰度和多样性指数的四季均值都高于对照区。相似性聚类分析、多维尺度分析(n MDS)结果表明,浮游植物群落组成季节性差异显著,区域差异不显著。表明示范区的建设对浮游植物的生长有一定的积极作用,但效果不显著。RDA分析结果表明,盐度、温度、营养盐(NO_3-N、PO_4-P和Si O_3-Si)和DO是影响浮游植物群落结构的主要因子,各种浮游植物对环境因子的响应机制有所不同。     

曹妃甸近岸海域网采浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的相关性研究

为了研究浮游植物群落结构特征及与环境因子的相关性,于2014年6月和9月在曹妃甸海域布设了14个调查站位,对该海域浮游植物的群落组成、细胞丰度及群落多样性等基本特征进行了分析,并采用多维尺度分析方法对曹妃甸浮游植物群落结构做区域划分,通过冗余分析(RDA)研究了环境因子对浮游植物群落结构的影响。研究结果表明:曹妃甸海域6月和9月共鉴定出浮游植物3门28属62种,硅藻为主,生态类型以温带近岸广温广盐性种为主。6月浮游植物细胞丰度平均值为111. 31×10~4cells/m~3,主要优势种为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和柔弱角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis); 9月浮游植物细胞丰度平均值为163. 01×10~4cells/m~3,主要优势种为中肋骨条藻和细弱圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus subtilis)。站位聚类分析和多维尺度分析表明,曹妃甸浮游植物种类地区划分主要分为3个区域,分别为填海东侧和西侧海域、曹妃甸填海区附近海域以及曹妃甸中部远离填海区域,且6月和9月浮游植物群落组成差异不显著(R=-0. 997,p=0. 998,n=14)。RDA结果显示6月的盐度、溶解氧(C_(DO))、温度(T)和pH值及9月的C_(DO)、活性磷酸盐(C_(PO_4~(3-)-P))、无机氮浓度(C_(DIN))和T是依次影响各自月份浮游植物群落的主要环境因子。     

礁区浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

通过2015年7月(夏季)和10月(秋季)对渤海湾天津海域人工鱼礁区浮游植物2个航次的调查,共鉴定出浮游植物2门10属14种,其中硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)9属12种,甲藻门(Pyrrophyta)1属2种。夏、秋季全区浮游植物密度和种类季节变化明显,夏季细胞丰度(平均值为13.4×10~4cells/m~3)高于秋季细胞丰度(平均值为1.87×10~4cells/m~3)。夏季主要优势种有星脐圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus asteromphalus)、夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)、尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)。秋季优势种有星脐圆筛藻、格氏圆筛(Coscinodiscus granii)、夜光藻,其中,星脐圆筛藻是夏、秋季的第一优势种。虽然浮游植物优势种存在明显的季节更替现象,但鱼礁区与对照区的优势种相同。通过冗余分析(RDA)发现,影响天津海域人工鱼礁区浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子,夏季包括叶绿素、亚硝酸盐;秋季包括水温、亚硝酸盐和磷酸盐。     

汕头韩江榕江河口近岸海域浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的关系

以2020年11月(秋季)和2021年4月(春季)汕头韩江榕江河口近岸海域浮游植物群落为研究对象,分析其群落种类组成、丰度分布、多样性变化趋势,探讨群落组成及其变化及与环境因子的关系。结果表明,春季共发现浮游植物2门100种,多属于硅藻类群;浮游植物丰度春季变化范围为169.23×10³～654.00×10³ cells/m³,均值为388.01×10³ cells/m³;春季优势种类较多(10种),包括洛氏角毛藻、尖刺拟菱形藻、窄隙角毛藻等。秋季共发现浮游植物4门89种,也以硅藻种类为主,浮游植物丰度秋季变化范围为33.89×10³～2 244.00×10³ cells/m³,均值为248.88×10³ cells/m³;秋季优势种相对较少(6种),中肋骨条藻、菱形海线藻、具槽帕拉藻等。春季浮游植物丰度和物种数较秋季高,优势种季节变化明显。通过冗余分析(RDA)后得出...     

舟山群岛海域网采浮游植物分布与多样性

于2014年夏、秋两季在舟山海域进行了浮游植物拖网采集和环境理化因子测定,共鉴定浮游植物6门92属184种,其中硅藻门127种,甲藻门30种,为调查海域主要浮游植物类群。夏季骨条藻Skeletonema spp.为绝对优势种,秋季优势种由琼氏圆筛藻Coscinodiscus jonesianus、虹彩圆筛藻Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis、蛇目圆筛藻Coscinodiscus argus、星脐圆筛藻Coscinodiscus asteromphalus、骨条藻Skeletonema spp.、尖刺伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens、并基角毛藻Chaetoceros decipiens、伏氏海毛藻Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii及中间肋缝藻Frustulia interposita等9种硅藻构成。调查海域夏季浮游植物平均丰度(1 713.58×10⁴个/m³)高于秋季(1 430.30×10⁴个/m³)。冗余分析表明,温度、盐度、悬浮物、溶解无机磷及溶解无机氮等环境因子对夏、秋两季浮游植物群落影响较大。结合历史数据分析可知,舟山海域近30 a来富营养化程度严重且日益加剧,富营养化指数明显升高;同时浮游植物群落变化也十分显著,主要体现为细胞丰度增加和优势种更替。     

珠江口典型海岛周边水域浮游植物分布特征及其影响因素*

旅游业为海岛带来可观经济效益的同时, 人类活动也导致水体生态环境恶化, 如水体富营养化加剧、赤潮频发等。文章通过对珠江口东南部典型海岛——庙湾岛和外伶仃岛周边水域丰水期和枯水期现场环境数据与浮游植物分布特征的对比研究, 分析珠江径流等自然因素以及人类活动对河口天然海岛周边水体生态的潜在影响。枯水期外伶仃岛和庙湾岛周边水域海水分别镜检鉴定出76种和74种浮游植物, 两个海岛浮游植物平均细胞密度分别为2.62×10⁴个·L^-1和2.08×10⁴个·L^-1; 丰水期则分别鉴定出38种和47种浮游植物, 平均细胞密度分别为52.91×10⁴个·L^-1和170.57× 10⁴个·L^-1。在外伶仃岛和庙湾岛, 丰水期中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema coatatum)均为绝对优势种, 而枯水期两个岛的最主要优势种分别为窄隙角毛藻(Chaetoceros affinis)和新月筒柱藻(Cylindrotheca closterium), 物种多样性指数均明显高于丰水期。两个海岛微型浮游植物相对于其他两个粒级常占据优势地位, 但在丰水期, 小型浮游植物贡献明显上升, 其中外伶仃岛相对于枯水期由16.32%升至26.75%, 庙湾岛则由12.12%升高至24.78%。两个海岛在丰水期和枯水期均仅检出聚球藻(Synechococcus, Syn)和真核微微型藻类(eukaryotic, Euk)两大微微型浮游植物类群, 两者细胞密度分别为~10⁷个·L^-1及~10⁸个·L^-1量级。与环境因子的对比分析表明, 两个海岛浮游植物的区域分布与季节变化受多种因素影响, 其季节性差异主要受径流影响强度、影响范围以及相应的盐度、营养盐等环境因素的季节变化所调控。丰水期岛屿屏蔽效应对浮游植物丰度的区域分布特征有显著影响, 无论小型浮游植物还是微微型浮游植物均发现存在迎流面出现丰度高值分布的现象, 但对群落结构的分布影响不明显; 在枯水期, 水体环境很可能主要受人类活动与水体垂直混合扰动的综合影响, 总体上浮游植物分布的区域差异较小。     

北黄海北部近岸海域网采浮游植物群落结构

研究北黄海北部近岸海域浮游植物群落结构季节变化及其与环境因子之间的关系。2008年5月(春季)-2009年2月(冬季)在北黄海北部近岸海域(39.5°~39.8°N、123.0°~123.45°E)进行4个季节海上浮游植物调查,共鉴定出浮游植物80种,4季共有种类10种。调查海域优势种类较多,优势种类季节变化明显,夜光藻(Noctiluca scientillans)、伏氏海线藻(Thalassionema frauenfeldii)和丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)分别是季节第一优势种。全年浮游植物细胞丰度平均为54279.3×104/m3,呈现典型的交叉双峰模式,夏冬季明显高于春秋季,春季是细胞丰度最小的季节。多样性指数H′均值为2.4941,表现为秋季冬季春季夏季;均匀度指数均值为0.640 8,表现为秋季春季冬季夏季。营养盐结构分析显示春夏季表现为潜在P限制,秋冬季表现为潜在N限制,N:P是决定优势群落种类的关键因素之一。冗余分析(RDA)分析结果表明,盐度(S)、悬浮物(SS)、磷酸盐(DIP)和无机氮(DIN)是影响浮游植物种类组成和丰度的关键环境因子。     

2013年春季崂山湾浮游植物群落及其环境控制

2013 年春季(3、4、5 月)对崂山湾海域浮游植物群落及其理化环境进行了3 个航次的调查研究。共鉴定浮游植物40 属75 种, 硅藻是调查区主要的浮游植物类群; 浮游植物细胞丰度平均为1.27×10⁶个/m³,3 月份的平均丰度显著高于4、5 月份(P<0.01); 优势种主要为冰河拟星杆藻(Asterionopsis glacialis)、加拉星平藻(Asteroplanus karianus)、密联角毛藻(Chaetoceros densus)和夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans), 浮游植物群落演替明显, 由3 月份硅藻控制逐步过渡到4、5 月份硅/甲藻共同控制; 相对较低的硝酸盐水平是导致4、5 月份浮游植物丰度显著低于3 月份的主要原因; 物种–环境数据的冗余分析(RDA)结果显示, 温度、硝酸盐含量是控制崂山湾春季浮游植物分布的重要环境因子。     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces

The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》Vol. 33(2014) contents

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INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,