无标度网络上队列资源分配研究

研究了节点队列资源有限的条件下,无标度网络上的信息流动力学过程,发现了网络由自由流通到拥塞的相变现象,提出了一种基于节点度的队列资源分配模型.模型的核心是使节点i的队列长度与k^β_i成正比(k_i为节点i的度,β为分配参数).仿真结果表明,在网络使用最短路径算法进行信息包传送的条件下,β近似等于1.25时队列资源分配最合理,网络容量最大,且该最佳值与队列总资源多少以及网络的规模无关.     

基于Web 2.0的边与节点同时增长网络模型

模拟了Web 2.0网络的发展过程并研究其拓扑结构,分析某门户网站实际博客数据的度分布、节点度时间变化,发现与先前的无标度网络模型有所差别. 根据真实网络的生长特点,提出了边与节点同时增长的网络模型,包括随机连接及近邻互联的网络构造规则. 仿真研究表明,模拟的网络更接近实际,在没有优先连接过程时,模型能得到幂率的度分布; 并且网络有更大的聚类系数以及正的度相关性.     

Sr2CoO4-δ薄膜中的自旋玻璃态的磁性质研究

用脉冲激光沉积方法(PLD)在铝酸镧衬底上制备了c取向的高氧空位含量的锶钴氧薄膜.X射线衍射分析表明薄膜单一取向且没有明显杂相.原位的高气压反射式高能电子衍射仪(RHEED)监测显示,薄膜为层状生长.通过对薄膜磁化强度随温度、磁场及时间的变化曲线进行测量,发现零场冷曲线上可能存在两个特征温度:T_f和T_a.T_f为对应玻璃态的冻结温度而T_a对应少量的不缺     

基于分层EOF的深海声速剖面时变特征建模

针对目前局部海域小时间尺度声速场建模方法未顾及不同深度区间内声速变化规律的问题,本文根据实测深海声速剖面的统计特征,提出了声速剖面分层方法,并进一步基于经验正交函数（Empirical Orthogonal Function, EOF）提出了局部小时间尺度的声速剖面分层时变模型构建方法。利用南海实测全海深声速剖面数据,分析了分层EOF第一模态系数和等效平均声速的日变化特征,并比较了不同拟合模型的精度。最后,利用试验海区的温度和潮汐数据分析了声速剖面周期变化的影响因素。结果表明： ①声速剖面分层EOF第一模态系数及等效平均声速具有日周期变化特征,上层声速日周期变化特征不明显,中层声速日周期变化特征较明显,下层声速变化较小但仍具有日周期变化特征;②局部海域小时间尺度声速拟合应考虑长期变化项的影响;③试验海区声速剖面EOF第一模态系数变化与温度显著相关,提取的声速剖面时变特征与海区潮汐周期特征基本吻合。     

连云港海域表层海水温度、盐度变化的多重分形分析

以1996—2008年的连云港海域表层海水温度、盐度的日观测数据为基础,运用多重分形分析方法对该海域温度、盐度的时间演变特征进行了研究。结果表明,在所研究的时间尺度内,温度和盐度均具有统计标度不变性,表现出较弱的多重分形特征;多重分形谱形态参数的计算结果表明,温度和盐度的变化均存在着下降的趋势,并且盐度随时间变化的复杂性、不规则性和不均匀性要较温度显著。研究结果对于连云港海域海洋环境系统动力过程的理解和预报模式的改进具有参考意义。     

舟山港口航道水域致病性细菌的毒力基因型鉴定

根据标准对宁波,舟山港口航道致病性细菌进行分离,结合16S rDNA等方法鉴定分离菌株,研究其生理生化特征,通过PCR方法判断其毒力基因型,分析危害风险.结果表明,4个样品采集区的样品经分离鉴定,菌种分别为埃希氏大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）、沙门氏菌（Salmonella sp.）、粪肠球菌（Enterococcus faecalis）、李斯特菌（Listeria monocytogenes）、副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）、阴沟肠杆菌（Enterobacter cloacae）、溶藻弧菌（Vibrio alginolyticus）、迟缓爱德华菌（Edwardsiella tarda）、嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）等9种,其中粪肠球菌分离率最高.各种细菌的生理生化及形态特征与已报道陆源细菌相近,携带毒力基因型多样性丰富,提示具备致病力.运行Blast程序对所有分离株16S rDNA序列进行比对,发现与已知序列相似度均在98%以上.研究结果对海洋微生物的毒力基因多样性研究以及危害风险评估提供了基础.     

风生近惯性波的传播和耗散综述

近惯性波广泛存在于全球海洋,对海洋中的能量级联非常重要。风输入海洋的近惯性能量在海洋中是如何传播和耗散的,能量在海洋中如何划分,一直是受到高度关注的话题。本文简要综述了风生近惯性波在海洋中的传播和耗散过程,包括影响近惯性波传播的因素,比如β效应、中尺度涡度、台风尾流和近惯性波自身的波数特征等;近惯性波在风暴等强天气过程下的传播方式;近惯性波在混合层中衰减时间尺度的模拟;近惯性能量在海洋中的分配以及现有研究中还未解决的问题。本文拟为今后的近惯性波研究提供一些思路,进一步促进近惯性波机制和模拟等方面研究的深入开展。     

瓯江河口盐度层化数值研究

瓯江口是一个径流量变化剧烈的强潮河口。本文基于非结构网格FVCOM模型，建立瓯江口海域大范围三维数学模型，研究不同时间尺度（潮周期、大-小潮）的盐度变化，并利用势能异常动力方程对数值模拟结果分析了瓯江口层化过程的动力机制。同时，利用河口R_i数和层化参数△s/<s>研究了不同时间尺度的层化稳定性及其空间变化，得出决定层化状态的潮差和径流量的阈值。结果显示：瓯江北口上段、中段和口门在潮差分别超过3.8m、4.0m和4.6m时呈完全混合状态。当径流量小于280 m³/s或大于510 m³/s，北口上段持续完全混合；而在口门附近，完全混合和层化的临界径流量约为280 m³/s。研究认为瓯江河口北口存在周期性的层化，北口下段在落潮和涨潮初期呈部分混合状态，而其它时段为完全混合。上段只在落潮初期存在层化。层化增强主要是纵向对流与横向速度剪切导致，而湍混合和纵向潮应力是层化减弱的主要因素。     

温度对厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)鳃组织纤毛结构及摄食率的影响机制研究

纤毛是着生在贻贝鳃上感知外界物理和化学信号并帮助食物转运的一类重要细胞结构, 温度的变化会改变纤毛的形态和生理生化特征, 从而影响贻贝的摄食行为。为探究不同温度下厚壳贻贝的摄食率变化, 以及温度对纤毛的形态、酶活和相关基因表达的影响, 实验设置16、26和32 °C三种温度处理厚壳贻贝, 处理24 h后测定1 h内每个处理组的摄食率, 同时采用组织学方法对各处理组鳃上的纤毛形态结构进行观察,并测定鳃组织的抗氧化酶活力和纤毛相关基因tekt1、tekt2、tekt3、tekt4、caf58、caf100、dnah、rsph99和ift74的表达变化。实验结果显示, 32 °C处理组厚壳贻贝的摄食率显著低于其他两组(P<0.05), 且32 °C处理组贻贝鳃上的前纤毛、侧纤毛以及纤毛细胞受损严重并部分脱落, 血腔间隙破损暴露, 而其余两组鳃上纤毛形态较为正常; 不同温度处理下鳃组织的过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力呈现温度特异性; 与16 °C处理组相比, 26 °C处理组中除tekt4和ndah外其他7个纤毛相关基因表达均显著上调, 32 °C处理组除tekt1外其余8个基因表达均显著下调(P<0.05)。上述结果表明, 32 °C高温处理对贻贝鳃上纤毛造成严重损伤, 导致纤毛运动、纤毛再生和纤毛感知功能均受到一定程度的抑制,从而影响食物颗粒的运输, 造成摄食率的降低。     

大叶藻微粒体GST基因对温度胁迫响应的分子机制

为了分析鳗草（Zostera marina）中微粒体谷胱甘肽S-转移酶在不同温度下的基因表达规律以及响应机制，本文通过在大肠杆菌中表达ZmGST，纯化重组蛋白以及热稳定性分析，以此为进一步阐述Z. marina的种群退化机制并提供理论依据。总之，鳗草中的微粒体GST的热稳定性和其对温度变化的响应决定了其对温度的耐受范围，并进而影响其恢复力。     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces

The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》Vol. 33(2014) contents

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INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,