威海地区高压岩石组合及其成因演化

利用矿物地质温压计估算变质高峰期温压条件、退变质作用温压条件。研究表明,本区为鲁苏构造带的北延部分,代表本区晚元古代华南陆块与华北陆块的碰撞及三叠纪华北陆块向华南陆块推覆事件的发生和演化。     

胶东—苏北古碰撞带三相变质作用

本文报道了胶东—苏北古碰撞带附近存在的高温低压变质的麻粒岩相、高温高压变质的A—B类榴辉岩相和高压低温变质的C类榴辉岩相三种变质相系,以及与高温低压麻粒岩相有关的Ⅰ型花岗岩带,它们在空间上相协调,在时间上相一致。其经历了早元古代早期的华南—华北陆块碰撞事件、早元古代角闪岩相变质事件和早元古代末期大陆推覆构造事件,使得高温低压麻粒岩相岩石发生退变质作用,低温高压C类榴辉岩相岩石发生进变质作用,蓝闪石片岩消失,并导致高温高压的A—B类榴辉岩相和高压低温的C类榴辉岩相在空间上相叠置。     

胶东—鲁南榴辉岩带的岩石学矿物学地球化学及其成因研究

本文报道了笔者对分布于山东荣成、文登、威海、青岛、胶南、诸城、日照和莒南等地的榴辉岩所作的岩石学矿物学和地球化学研究。确定了这一巨型榴辉岩带是由两条相互重合的榴辉岩带所构成;一条为高温高压成因的A—B类榴辉岩带;另一条为低温高压成因的C类榴辉岩带。它们形成于早元古代早期华南陆块向华北陆块的俯冲,并经受了早元古代角闪岩相变质作用的迭加。早元古代早期华北陆块发生向南运动的大陆推覆体构造,使两种不同成因类型的榴辉岩带在空间上重迭。最后推测这一榴辉岩带的分布代表着我国东部华北陆块与华南陆块的分界界限。     

鲁苏榴辉岩套的特征及其动力学演化

鲁苏榴辉岩套以广泛分布各类榴辉岩、密切伴生石榴石橄榄岩、石榴石麻粒岩等高压岩石组合 ,普遍发育韧性变形带 ,大量出露燕山晚期碱性花岗岩及深源脉岩为特征。它已经历三迭纪早期华南陆块与华北陆块的碰撞事件、大陆逆掩推覆构造事件及后期白垩纪早期开始的大陆伸展构造事件 ,是我国华南陆块与华北陆块之间的重要过渡单元。     

江苏东海毛北榴辉岩的矿物化学及其成因问题

本文利用电子探针,分析了江苏东海毛北榴辉岩中的石榴石和单斜辉石的化学组成。利用矿物地质温度计,计算了毛北榴辉岩的成岩平衡温度。结合本区的大地构造环境,提出在早元古代末期,华北陆块曾发生向南的大型堆覆构造,苏北地区即为推覆体前缘。     

鲁南榴辉岩的Sm—Nd等时年龄及其构造意义

讨论山东诸城胶南混杂岩系中的榴辉岩属地壳角闪岩相变质成因,其Sm—Nd等时年龄为222±6Ma,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd初始比值为0.51136±0.00003,θ(T) 为-19.4±0.5,代表了早三叠世华南陆块与华北陆块碰撞拼合,并发生高压变质作用。后期的陆壳推覆及伸展构造使深部榴辉岩上升侵位于胶南混杂岩系中。     

榴辉岩套的类型及其地质意义

根据全球榴辉岩的分布、相关岩石组合、成岩物理化学条件和区域构造特征,将榴辉岩套分为两种类型:1)高温榴辉岩套(H型),形成于陆—陆碰撞造山带下部的高温超高压环境,是陆壳俯冲—推覆构造作用的标志;2)低温榴辉岩套(L型),形成于洋—陆碰撞带下部的低温高压环境,是洋壳俯冲—推覆构造作用的标志。     

中国东部苏鲁造山带的印支期俯冲极性及其造山过程

中国东部的苏鲁造山带印支期先后经历了大洋消减俯冲、大陆碰撞、陆壳深俯冲、陆内造山等复杂过程。综合苏鲁造山带的构造地质学、岩石学、岩相古地理学、年代学进展,发现以下事实用传统的华南向华北俯冲难以解释:(1)徐淮地区形成了明显的朝北西拓展的逆冲构造变形,此外,苏鲁造山带中还存在大量的北西向逆冲推覆构造;(2)苏鲁造山带中出露的白垩纪花岗岩中来自古元古代的继承锆石,以及Sr、Nd、Pb同位素示踪结果都显示与华北地块南缘地质体更为相似;(3)苏鲁造山带北侧的胶莱盆地以及胶北隆起缺乏晚古生代到中生代的弧后火山岩证据;(4)华北南缘三叠纪时期的古地理环境更接近被动大陆边缘。基于这些事实,本文认为,晚古生代-早三叠世早期苏鲁段的商丹洋可能向南东俯冲,不同于秦岭-大别段的商丹洋向北俯冲,消减到秦岭-大别微陆块苏鲁段之下,发生华北地块与该微陆块的拼合,华北地块整体向南东楔入秦岭-大别微陆块,导致大别-苏鲁超高压岩石垂向折返剥露;中三叠世-晚三叠世,勉略洋自东向西的剪刀式闭合,华南地块向北秦岭-大别微陆块俯冲拼合,并逐渐将华南地块与华北地块之间的秦岭-大别微陆块向西、向北侧向挤出,到了中生代华北地块持续向南东俯冲并楔入华南地块,将苏鲁-大别造山带沿郯庐断裂错断并最终形成该区总体构造格局。     

辽西地区太古宙—古元古代岩石组合及其研究进展

辽西地区是华北克拉通东部陆块的一部分,大面积出露了太古宙—古元古代的古老岩石,是研究华北地壳早前寒武纪演化的重点地区之一。辽西地区太古宙岩石组合以TTG质和花岗质变质深成岩为主,少量变质表壳岩以包体或构造残片形式赋存在变深成岩中;古元古代(2.5~1.6Ga)岩石组合包括长城系裂谷沉积岩和碱性侵入杂岩。最新的区调成果以及地质—地化数据表明,辽西地区记录的太古宙岩浆—变质事件主要集中在约2.55~2.50Ga之间,其形成与洋壳俯冲有关;该区缺乏约2.50~1.85Ga构造—热事件的记录,约1.72~1.70Ga是该区另外一期强烈的岩浆活动,其形成与华北东、西部陆块最终碰撞(约1.85Ga)之后的构造伸展有关。     

南海东北部及其邻区新生代构造事件

南海东北部及其邻区新生代构造事件主要有白垩纪末－古新世早期，始新世中期，始新世晚期－早新世，中新世晚期－上新世初和上新世末－更新世中期发生的５次事件，它们在区内表现明显，伴有不整合，地层缺失和岩浆，断裂，褶皱等活动，同一构造事件在不同构造单元发生的时间可以有早有晚，程度有强有弱，性质有张有压，或造陆造山或造海造盆，但是这些表现却互有联系且可在全区追踪对比。     

Geological comparative studies of Japan Arc System and Kyushu-Palau Arc

Based on the published data of structure geology,geochronology,petrology and isotope geochemistry,the authors of this paper have conducted studies on the tectonic evolution history of Japan arc system and Kyushu-Palau ridge(KPR) . The studies show that the initial Japan arc system was resulted from the subduction of ancient Pacific plate beneath Eurasian Plate in Permian. It was part of an Andean-type continental volcanic arc which occurred in the offshore in the east of Asian during late Mesozoic era. The formation of tertiary back-arc basin(Japan Sea) resulted in the fundamental tectonic framework of the present arc system. Since Quaternary the system has been lying at E-W compression tectonic setting due to the eastward subduction of Amur Plate. It is expected that Japan arc system will be juxtaposed with Asian continent,which is similar to the present Taiwan arc system. The origin of Philippine Sea Plate(PSP) is still in debate. Some studies argued that it is a trapped oceanic crust segment,while the others insisted that it is a back-arc basin accompanied with ancient IBM arc. However,it is all agreed that the tectonic evolution of PSP started since 50 Ma,i.e.,PSP has drifted from the site around equator at 50 Ma to the present site,and the subduction of PSP along Nankai trough-Ryukyu Trench beneath the Japan arc system during 6-2 Ma led to the formation of the present Ryukyu arc system. Of the PSP,the KPR has been found with the oldest rocks formed at 38 Ma. Combining with its geochemical characteristics of oceanic arc tholeiite,it is suggested that KPR is an intraoceanic volcanic arc,more specifically,a relic arc(i.e.,rear arc of the ancient IBM) after rifting of ancient IBM. In addition,Amami-Daito province is of arc tectonic affinity,but has been affected by mantle plume. Therefore,based on their respective tectonic evolution history and geochemical characteristics of rock samples,it is inferred that there is no genetic relationship between Japan arc system and KPR. It is noted that rocks reflecting continental crust basement feature have been collected on the northern tip of KPR,which may be related to the process of KPR accreting on Japan arc,but the arc-continent accretion process are still at initial stage of modern continental crust accretion model. However,due to the scarcity of data of the northern tip of KPR,crustal structure of this location and its adjacent Nankai trough need to be further constrained by geophysical studies in the future.     

南黄海千里岩岛榴辉岩的矿物化学及成因探讨

南黄海千里岩岛地处中国华南板块与华北板块缝合线位置,其基底由强烈韧性变形的构造片麻岩组成,并出露具重要大地构造标型意义的超高压榴辉岩类岩石。本文通过对南黄海千里岩岛榴辉岩中主要造岩矿物石榴石的矿物化学研究,探讨了榴辉岩的成因。研究表明,千里岩地区高压变质岩是由于华北与华南两大陆块拼合时,处于其间的岛弧拉斑玄武岩沿碰撞带下插到华北陆块之下,从而使千里岩地区发生高压变质作用,形成了榴辉岩和片麻岩等,后期的构造折返使其上升到地壳上部。     

南海北部陆缘张裂--岩石圈拆沉的地壳响应

南海北部陆缘在中生代晚期曾形成宏伟的华夏陆缘造山带。火成岩岩石学、岩相古地理学和地球物理学证据显示，该造山带不仅具有巨厚(50～60 km)的陆壳，而且还有巨厚(160～180 km)的岩石圈根，在地势上曾出现过高3 500～4 000 m 的华夏山系。陆缘裂陷盆地的形成发育历史、地壳-岩石圈深部结构、火成岩地球化学特征及理论计算均表明，南海北部陆缘从晚白垩世以来发生的张裂作用起始于华夏陆缘造山带的拉伸塌陷，岩石圈拆沉是南海北部陆缘张裂的重要的引发机制。因此，南海北部陆缘张裂既不同于弧后扩张，也不受控于大西洋式的海底扩张，而是该区大陆构造演化和深部壳幔相互作用的结果。     

胶莱盆地火山岩系的地球化学特征

利用x荧光定量光谱分析了胶莱盆地东南缘中生代青山组火山岩系18个样品的岩石化学和微量元素含量。利用岩石化学判别并结合邻区的构造地质背景,推断它们形成于中生代晚期陆间裂谷构造背景下的火山活动,是陆壳下部及上地幔部分熔融的产物,并阐述了中生代伸展构造在本区的发生和发展。     

Petrogenesis and tectonic implication of lavas from the Yap Trench,western Pacific

We present major and trace element data of lava recovered from the northern Yap Trench in the western Pacific and discuss their petrogenesis and tectonic implications within the framework of interactions between the Caroline Ridge and Yap Trench. Rocks were collected from both landward and seaward trench slopes and exhibited geochemical characteristics similar to backarc basin basalt (BABB) and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), including high Fe content, tholeiitic affinity, high TiO2 value at a given FeOT/MgO ratio, Ti/V ratio between 20 and 50, low Ba/Nb ratio and Th/Nb ratio, and trace element patterns commonly displayed by BABB and MORB, which are distinct from arc lava. These rocks seem to have been generated during mantle upwelling and decompression melting at a spreading center. However, compared with typical forearc lava produced by seafloor spreading in the Mariana forearc region, such as the early Eocene forearc basalts and late Neogene forearc lava in the southernmost Mariana Trench, the Yap Trench lava is derived from a more fertile mantle and feature a more minor subduction component; thus, they cannot be the products of forearc mantle decompression melting. We suggest that the landward slope lava represents backarc basin crust that was overthrust onto the forearc lithosphere during the collision of the Caroline Ridge with the Yap Trench (20–25 Ma), which played a key role in the evolution of the Yap subduction system. Moreover, the seaward slope lava represents the subduction plate crust that accreted onto the deep trench during the collision. This collision event resulted in the cessation of Yap Arc magmatism; thus, the Yap Trench volcanic rocks (<25 Ma) previously suggested to be arc magma products may actually represent the nascent island arc lava with a lower subduction component than in the mature Mariana Arc lava.     

Contribution of global potential field data to the tectonic reconstruction of the Rio Grande Rise in the South Atlantic

The application of advanced enhancement techniques for geophysical anomalies to global gravity (WGM2012) and magnetic (EMAG2) models sheds light on the complex tectonic evolution of the Rio Grande Rise (RGR) in the southern South Atlantic. Long wavelength Bouguer gravity lows indicate a thicker crust beneath of the ridge, whose nature can be related to a microcontinent or an excess of volcanism within the oceanic realm. Recently dredged continental rocks reinforce the hypothesis of a microcontinent or, at least, slivers of continental crust. However, the reserval magnetic pattern of the processed magnetic anomalies provide no evidence of aborted spreading center similar to the well-studied Jan Mayen microcontinent and the surrounding (inactive) Aegir and (active) Kolbeinsey ridges in the North Atlantic Ocean. The reversal magnetic anomalies show a series N-S trending parallel stripes roughly follow the current South American coastline and segmented by E-W oriented oceanic fracture zones (FZs). The magnetic stripes are bended eastwards at the RGR, showing a more complex magnetic pattern similar to that in the Iceland. The aborted Cruzeiro do Sul Rift (CSR) and the Jean Charcot Chain (JCC) are structures that cross the RGR and contribute to the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the South Atlantic Ocean. NW-SE oriented extensive gravity lows and bathymetric valleys, which mark the CSR, are segmented by E-W trending magnetic lineaments related to FZs. This structural configuration suggests that the extensional event, which formed the rift and the seamounts chain, was replaced by strike-slip movements along the FZs. In addition, we constructed a plate kinematic model for the evolution of the RGR based on bathymetric, free-air and Bouguer gravity and magnetic data. Our model comprises five main stages of the RGR formation and evolution between late Cretaceous and Paleocene (ca. 95 - 60 Ma), separated by published seafloor isochrones. The proposed model suggests that the RGR was built at the mid-Atlantic ridge by increased magmatism probably related to the Tristan da Cunha hotspot.     

Stress field modeling of northwestern South China Sea since 5.3 Ma and its tectonic significance

Tectonically, the northwestern South China Sea （SCS） is located at the junction between three micro-plates, i.e., the Indochina, South China and Zhongsha-Xisha micro-plates, and involves three basins, i.e., the Yinggehai Basin, the Qiongdongnan Basin and Xisha Trough in the east, and the Zhongjiannan Basin in the south. Since the Pliocene （5.3 Ma）, the Yinggehai Basin has experienced repeated accelerating subsidence, high thermal fluid, and widely developing mud-rich overpressure chambers, abundant mud diapers and crust-mantle mixed CO2. While a large central canyon was developed in the Qiongdongnan Basin, new rift occurred in the Xisha ~rough. These characteristics demonstrate a single tectonic unit for the northwestern SCS, for which we have undertaken stress field modeling to understand its plate deformations and sedimen- tary responses. Our results demonstrate that an extension tectonic event occurred after 5.3 Ma in theYingge- hal-Qiongdongnan-Xisha trough area, which is characterized by thinner crust C〈16000 m）, half-graben or graben structural style and thicker sedimentary sequences （〉3 500 m）. A new rift system subsequently was developed in this area; this event was mainly driven by the combined effects of different movement veloc- ity and direction of the three micro-plates, and the far-field effect of the continental collision between the Indian Plate and the Tibetan Plateau, and subduction of the Pacific Plate underneath the Eurasian Plate.     

中国大陆阶梯地貌的基本特征

本文通过中国大陆山顶面高程等值线图和大河河床高程等值线图来研究和讨论中国大陆阶梯地貌的基本特征。大致沿大兴安岭—太行山—雪峰山和昆仑山—阿尔金山—祁连山—龙门山—玉龙山—喜马拉雅山存在两条明显的山顶面高程等值线和大河河床高程等值线梯度带。它们是重要的构造地貌界线,将我国大陆分成三级由西向东逐级降低的地貌阶块。中国大陆阶梯地貌于晚期喜马拉雅运动中初具雏形。在新构造运动中,特别是发生于1.4—1.2MaB.P.的构造运动以来,使其得到进一步加强和发展。现今中国的地貌格局,主要是近100万年期间新构造运动造成的。