利用多普勒频移反演ASAR海表面流速

为研究中小尺度的海流,以美国西海岸附近海域为研究区域,采用欧空局ENVISAT ASAR IMS数据,首先利用频谱拟合法计算得到影像的多普勒质心;再通过影像的多普勒系数和斜距时间去除卫星与地球之间相对运动产生的多普勒频移,最终得到海表面多普勒质心异常。同时利用布拉格散射模型去除了布拉格波的影响,利用CMOD5模型计算海表面风场,根据风场与雷达视向速度的经验关系去除海面风场的影响,经空间投影,最终得到雷达径向的海表面流速,反演的流速主要分布于-0.3～0.6 m/s。利用研究区域附近的岸基高频地波雷达(HF-radar)数据验证反演结果精度,结果表明,在HF-radar流速与ASAR反演流速-0.2～0.2 m/s差异范围内的标准误差和相关系数分别为0.1 m/s和0.81,反演结果与真实流速较为接近。ASAR反演流速和HF-radar流速结果均表明,在研究区域存在自西向东的沿岸流,最大径向流速达到0.6 m/s。因此,本文所使用的海表面流速反演方法准确有效,适合于中小尺度海流流速的反演。     

天津港航道悬移质输运特征的观测研究

运用现场观测的天津港航道处水深、流速以及悬沙浓度资料,采用垂向平均的计算方法,得到天津港航道的悬移质 输沙率,讨论当前条件下天津港航道悬移质输沙的特点,为天津港港区及航道附近水域的泥沙输运及淤积研究提供可靠依据。     

破碎区至冲泻区波浪非线性特征的实验研究

本文利用粒子图像测速系统和浪高仪对3种概化岸坡下破碎区至冲泻区的波高、流速等水动力学参数进行实验测量,并基于二阶谱方法分析波高和流速的概率密度分布,统计了破碎区至冲泻区内波高和流速的偏度、不对称度、峰度等高阶非线性变量.结果表明:破碎区至冲泻区内的波高和流速均偏离正态分布,波高偏度和峰度在向近岸传播过程中先减小后增大,...     

胶州湾潮流场的示踪粒子数值模拟研究

本文采用直角坐标系统,矩形网格技术,将ECOMSED模式应用于胶州湾内粒子运动轨迹模拟试验。在ECOMSED模式三维水动力模块基础上,启用保守粒子的示踪模型,模拟粒子在湾内的运动轨迹,得到胶州湾排污口污染物在湾内表、中、底3层的运动路径,从而为排污口选址和陆源污染治理方案提供环境依据,以达到使湾内及附近海域受污染最低的目的。通过模拟获得了胶州湾及其附近海域三维潮流水平与垂向分布结构,以及此海域的若干个流涡的水平分布状况。粒子示踪的模拟结果表明,粒子的运动轨迹与湾内流速流向相一致,即示踪粒子的运动轨迹与湾内流场有关,此外也受到粒子释放时刻的影响,高潮时释放的粒子更容易向湾外漂移,利于污染物的输运。     

胶州湾潮余流和物质输送之间的关系

基于MIKE21的HD模型,通过模拟得到胶州湾的潮流场,胶州湾在涨急时最大流速1.04m/s,落急时最大流速约为0.96m/s。胶州湾余流总体较小,平均为0.03m/s左右。并在湾内不同位置释放自由粒子,以MIKE21的Particle tracking模型计算出其在潮流作用下的运移轨迹,结果表明粒子大多数运移到湾内近岸区域,少部分在湾口区域附近;在潮流场基础上计算了欧拉余流场,并和粒子运移结果进行对比,表明欧拉余流场在区域流向比较一致时可以表示粒子运动的趋势,为物质迁移、控制污染等方面提供了一定的参考借鉴意义。     

莱州湾潮余流及粒子运移特征

为掌握莱州湾潮余流特征和粒子运移特征，文章采取平面二维数值模拟的方法，计算得到莱州湾的潮流场，并分析潮流结构；在潮流场的基础上，计算和分析欧拉余流场；通过在不同位置释放自由运动的粒子，得到潮流作用下自由运动粒子的运移轨迹。研究结果表明：莱州湾涨潮时的最大流速约为2.19 m/s，落潮时的最大流速约为2.66 m/s，且均在湾口处出现最大流速；莱州湾欧拉余流速度较小，且湾口附近较大而湾内较小；莱州湾分布均匀的粒子在自由运移时出现不同程度的聚集，且整体运移趋势是向岸聚集。     

三维数值模式用于海底摩擦系数的研究

本文讨论了在风暴潮和潮汐作用下海底摩擦力与平均流速的关系公式,即;利用湍流能量损耗理论得到了一个新的求拖曳系数C_b的公式;并且通过一个三维模式,在理想的矩形海区中计算了各种条件下的C_b分布。     

T型防波堤与波浪相互作用数值研究

针对T型透空式防波堤,通过浪高仪采集防波堤前后不同位置波面变化曲线,使用声学多普勒流速仪(NDV)测量不同位置流速随时间的变化,并分析了其相位平均流速的分布。基于VOF法的二维波浪数值水槽,对规则波作用下T型防波堤附近的动力特性进行了计算,水槽模型试验结果和数值模拟结果对比表明,数值计算结果与实验值吻合较好。采用该模型进一步对T型防波堤附近波浪场、流线、紊动动能、紊动动能耗散率变化以及不同尺寸的防波堤消浪效果进行模拟计算,重点分析了入射波高、防波堤入水深度和防波堤宽度变化的影响。     

渤海湾潮致余流数值模拟研究

为了研究渤海湾潮致余流,运用Mike21模拟了渤海湾潮流场,揭示出潮波运动的规律,得到渤海湾的潮流场,在涨潮时最大流速为1.4 m/s,落潮时最大流速为1.12 m/s。根据欧拉余流的定义计算了潮致欧拉余流场,其最大流速为0.2 m/s,中值为0.005 m/s,在渤海湾北部区域和南部东营附近存在环状结构。在渤海湾不同位置释放自由粒子,通过粒子的运移路径发现渤海湾拉格朗日余流呈现双环结构。运用欧拉方法和拉格朗日方法分析渤海湾潮致余流场,阐明了渤海湾潮致余流的精细结构,可为渤海湾营养盐、沉积物或者污染物质的长期输送以及浮游生物、鱼卵等的迁移和分布规律等提供动力学基础。     

荣喜近岸区波流耦合作用下的流场模拟

一方面将波浪对底部剪切应力、表面拖曳力系数,辐射应力以及表面混合长度的影响引入至COHERENS.另一方面又将水动力模型COHERENS和第三代波浪模型SWAN耦合,使两模型能够随时互相交换水流、水位以及波浪信息,最终获得波流耦合模型COHERENS-SWAN并将其应用于荣喜近岸区波流共同存在情况下的波流作用模拟研究.计算所得的流速、流向和水位与实测数据吻合较好.     

Radiation energy flux of Dirac field of static spherically symmetric black holes

By the statistical entropy of the Dirac field of the static spherically symmetric black hole, the result is obtained that the radiation energy flux of the black hole is proportional to the quartic of the temperature of its event horizon. That is, the thermal radiation of the black hole always satisfies the generalised Stenfan--Boltzmann law. The derived generalised Stenfan--Boltzmann coefficient is no longer a constant. When the cut-off distance and the thin film thickness are both fixed, it is a proportional coefficient related to the space--time metric near the event horizon and the average radial effusion velocity of the radiation particles from the thin film. Finally, the radiation energy fluxes and the radiation powers of the Schwarzschild black hole and the Reissner--Nordstrõm black hole are derived, separately.     

Massive particle radiation from Gibbons-Maeda black hole

This paper investigated the massive particle radiation from Gibbons--Maeda black hole by using a semi-classical method. The calculations showed that, if the self-gravitation of the radiated particle is taken into account, the radiation spectrum deviates from exact black body spectrum and the rate of tunneling equals precisely the exponent of the difference of the black hole entropies before and after emission. The conclusion supports the viewpoint of information conservation.     

神光Ⅲ原型单端驱动黑腔等离子体聚心时间研究

在神光Ⅲ原型装置上,利用8束激光单端驱动半腔靶实验研究了黑腔等离子体聚心时间.通过改变腔底结构建立了4种黑腔辐射源,比较了等离子体径向的聚心时间与黑腔辐射温度的变化关系.径向聚心时间和辐射温度分别由X射线分幅相机和软X射线能谱仪给出.研究发现,4种辐射源的等离子体径向聚心时间与辐射温度之间存在正比关系,聚心时间随辐射温度升高而延后.     

舟山海域高频地波雷达表层流探测试验

2015年4月7-30日,在浙江省舟山近海海域开展了“嵊山-朱家尖”小型阵列变频高频地波雷达系统的海上比测试验,通过雷达观测数据与定点ADCP海流资料的比对检验了地波雷达表层流探测性能。径向流比对结果显示,测点与雷达法向夹角越小,距离雷达距离越近,径向流比测结果越好,雷达探测的结果越可靠。嵊山站径向流与ADCP观测结果的各站总体平均误差为7.98 cm/s,平均均方根误差为15.34 cm/s,平均相关系数为0.89,朱家尖站径向流与ADCP观测结果的各站总体平均误差为6.24 cm/s,平均均方根误差为12.36 cm/s,平均相关系数为0.81。根据矢量流比对结果显示,矢量流速与ADCP观测结果的各站总体平均误差为4.82 cm/s,平均均方根误差为15.03 cm/s,平均相关系数为0.44。设置在嵊山、朱家尖两个雷达站双站探测的核心区域（两个雷达站连线的中垂线上,并且与两个雷达站构成一个近似直角三角形）的站点比测结果更加理想,当流速大于0.25 m/s时,对于核心区域平均后的流向均方根误差为24.9°。     

Field investigations of the drift of artificial thin films on the sea surface

The results of field investigations of the drift of surface films are presented. The experiments were performed at the southern coast of the Crimea in the area of an oceanographic platform. It is shown that the drift of a thin film is described well by a linear combination of the vectors of the coastal current and wind, and the coefficient of the current velocity is close to unity. The total velocity of wind and wave drifts is 0.013 of the wind velocity magnitude or 0.38 of the air friction velocity. Analysis of experimental data demonstrates an increase in the film spreading rate with increasing wind velocity.     

纳米金表面修饰与表面等离子体共振传感器的相互作用研究

For a quantitative analysis of the detection performance of wavelength surface plasmon resonance sensor after the introduction of absorbing thin films, a mathematical model was established for the wavelength SPR biosensor. Based on absorption theory of dispersive media, the distribution of electromagnetic field in each film outside the prism is calculated. The results show that, after introducing the absorbing thin films, electromagnetic field energy distribution in each layer out of the prism surfaces was changed, the metal film contribution on the resonance absorption was reduced, which increases the half wave width of SPR curve and the minimum reflection coefficient, so the optimal film thickness of metal film was also changed. Then the effect of colloidal gold and immunogold on SPR biosensor has been theoretically and experimentally verified. The result shows that, compared with the 48 nm gold film SPR sensor, the sensitivity increases 1.5 times when 45nm gold film is surface-modified with 10nm nano-gold.     

Estimate for radiative forcing of smoke aerosol from 2010 summer fires based on measurements in the Moscow region

Temperature and radiation effects of the 2010 summer fires are estimated on the basis of measurements at the Zvenigorod Scientific Station (ZSS) of the Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), in the Moscow region. The surface air temperature during the 2010 summer smoke varied in antiphase with the aerosol mass concentration, and the thermal radiation balance in the surface layer of the atmosphere varied in phase. Under extreme smoke of the surface layer in August 2010, the reduction in surface air temperature at ZSS has been found to reach 4 K with an increase in the downward flux of thermal radiation by an average of 20 W/m² and a decrease in the difference between upward and downward fluxes of thermal radiation by an average of 24 W/m².     

A change in the asymmetry coefficient of Light-Scattering phase function in natural waters that contain organic particles

A semiempirical model is constructed for the relationship between the coefficient of asymmetry of Light Scattering phase function in water K and the scattering coefficient σ, which shows a mechanism of an increase in the asymmetry coefficient as the scattering coefficient grows as a result of an increase in the concentration of organic particles. The mechanism of this relationship lies in the presence in all natural waters of molecular scattering and scattering by mineral particles that create background scattering in water medium, which is overlaid by scattering by organic particles. This relationship has a regional character caused by the regional features of background scattering and the average size of organic particles in those regions. The model relationships K = f(σ) are plotted properly to the experimental ones in the various regions.     

Energy and first law of thermodynamics for Born—Infeld—anti-de-Sitter black hole

We calculate the local energy and the energy density of the Reisner--Norstrõm--anti-de-Sitter black hole, study the first law of thermodynamics and show the Smarr formula for the Born--Infeld--anti-de-Sitter black hole. Applying the first law of thermodynamics to the black hole region, we analyse the three energy exchange processes between the black hole region and the outer and the inner regions.     

2020年5月17日和6月1日山东强冰雹风暴双极化特征分析

利用济南、青岛和烟台S波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达资料和常规观测资料以及天气实况,对2020年5月17日和6月1日两次强对流天气过程的关键环境物理量和风暴低层强冰雹区偏振量、三体散射、强冰雹衰减等偏振特征等进行了分析。结果表明:1)两次强对流天气都具有大的温差和强垂直风切变,中层较干。5月17日山东半岛0~6 km垂直风切变更强,低层湿度更大,湿球0℃层高度较低,是产生多个超级单体风暴并出现特大冰雹的关键物理量。2)5月17日城阳风暴低层强冰雹区具有适中的差分反射率(Z_DR)和偏小的相关系数CC及偏大的差分相移率(K_DP)。Z_DR多在0.30~2.60 dB之间,平均为1.50 dB;CC多在0.900~0.965之间,平均为0.931;K_DP多在2.0~6.3(°)·km^-1之间,平均为4.1(°)·km^-1。少量融化的冰雹粒子和大的雨滴导致适中的Z_DR和偏大的K_DP。3)6月1日长清风暴低层强冰雹区具有偏小的Z_DR和偏小的CC及大的K_DP。Z_DR多在-0.12~1.50 dB之间,平均为0.68 dB;CC多在0.925~0.970之间,平均为0.950;K_DP多在4.0~7.6(°)·km^-1之间,平均为5.8(°)·km^-1。高浓度的液态雨滴和融化的小冰雹粒子导致大的K_DP。4)三体散射、旁瓣回波、衰减及波束非均匀填充(nonuniform beam filling,NBF)等特征可作为冰雹识别判据。衰减特征在Z_DR产品上表现较为明显,风暴核后侧较长径向上出现负值区,显著衰减可作为特大冰雹的判据。NBF仅在CC产品上有明显特征,风暴核后侧较长径向上CC明显较小。