水中荧光计在高混浊水域中的混合扩散实验

为了研究长江水域污染物质的输运和扩散规律，作者利用研制成功的水中荧光计在该水流域事扩散实验。该仪器在高混浊水中对罗丹明Ｂ的浓度检测范围为１×１０＾－９－－５×１０＾－５ｇ／ｃｍ＾３，精确度≤±１０％。。本文着重论述使用水中荧光计和荧光示踪染料在流速大、混浊度高的长江九江江段和镇江段进行水体混合扩散测量实验的情况，结果令人满意，为我国的高混浊水体混合扩散实验研究提供了新的手段和方法。     

多参数拖曳荧光计系统现场实验研究

本文描述了多参数拖曳荧光计系统在船模水池和海上进行拖体水动力特性试验,得出：在１０ｋｎ以内的任意拖曳速度均能水平稳定拖曳,而纵倾角≤±２　的拖点位置;拖索张力Ｔ与拖体速度　之间的关系为Ｔ＝４７十３１．８　２．０８;拖曳速度为１０ｋｎ时,水动迫沉力约为９５０ｋｇｆ,升阻比约为２．４～２．５,满足了拖曳系统的迫沉要求。海上性能试验与应用实验表明：该拖曳系统的荧光传感器对水体、荧光示踪染料、悬浮颗粒物具有很高的分辨率;对罗丹明Ｂ水溶液的浓度检测范围为１×１０－７～１×１０－３ｍｇ／ｄｍ３;对悬浮物的浓度检测范围为２～２０００ｍｇ／ｄｍ３,使该系统广泛地用于海洋环境检测和评价工程任务中。     

用于探测海水中油份的便携式油份测定仪研究

采用近代荧光测量方法、双光路、双通道及单片机控制、数据自动采集研究成功的便携式油份测定仪,是用于海上现场实时测量水中微量油份的新型海洋光电仪器。本仪器采用低功耗、高强度、低重复频率的脉冲氙灯为激发光源及相应的脉冲检测技术测量水中油份所产生的荧光信号。该仪器可在海表层至２５ｍ水深内任一日光强度下工作,测量水中油份浓度范围为（１×１０－９～１×１０－５）ｇ／ｃｍ３。     

在海洋学中的特殊光学测量方法

论述了一台单波段断面同荧不计的研制及其在海洋环境中的实验结果，表明了与在实验室检测条件下的测试结果是一致的。在假定没有荧光污染的条件下，该荧光计对油的探测范围为５×１０＾－９－－１００×１０＾－６ｇ／ｃｍ＾３。而荧光污染对于沿岸海水如波罗的海、北海和挪威海海是有普遍性的。为了得到油产生的荧光信号，还描述和讨论了对油和污染物产生的荧光信号的总量所作的修正步骤。为了获得在海中，特别是在沿岸、海洋峰面和     

南海颗粒物的氨基酸通量与组成

本文对在南海中部布设的两个层次（１１９１ｍ和３６９６ｍ）沉积物捕集器的沉降粒子进行了颗粒沉降通量和氨基酸组成的研究。南海的物质通量呈现季节性变化，深层样变动范围在６９．６～１４１．７ｍｇ／（ｍ２·ｄ）；但火山灰侵入后，其物质通量（按每月平均）高出１～２个数量级，氨基酸和氨基糖含量亦由原来的１０×１０－３和０．９×１０－３减少为０．０９×１０－３和０．０２×１０－３。氨基酸组分中以天门冬氨酸占优势，其次为甘氨酸与谷氨酸。在火山灰影响下，其丰度顺序为：谷氨酸＞天门冬氨酸＞甘氨酸。     

湛江港污损生物挂板试验

１９９１年４月至１９９２年３月在湛江港内的试验浮筏上进行了污损生物周年挂板调查。共记录５９种生物。优势种是浒苔Ｅｎｔｅｒｍｏｒｐｈａｓｐ．和网纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ。表层月板附着量变化幅度１０．０—２５０．０ｇ·ｍ－２，底层月板附着量变化幅度为３．０—５６８０．５ｇ·ｍ－２，年板全年附着量为２２３４７·１ｇ·ｍ－２。     

南海东北部沉积物间隙水氮和硅的研究

测定了南海东北部沉积物间隙水中ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的含量。６个站位的５─１０ｃｍ层的ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的含量分别为０．４７—１．７０，０．８４—２．６０和１０．１７—１１．６９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。研究了上述物质含量在５０号站的深度分布。估算了ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ从间隙水向上覆水扩散的通量分别为０．０３３和０．０１９ｍｍｏｌ／ｍ２·ｄ。     

对虾网箱两茬养殖试验

１材料和方法１．１试验海区环境因子　本试验在乐清湾漩门水域进行。网箱泊置海区为泥沙底质，水深１５ｍ，５～１０月份水温１７～３１℃，比重１．００８～１．０１７，海水透明度３００～５００ｃｍ。试验期间海区曾遭受热带风暴潮袭击。１．２网箱结构和规格试验在规格为３ｍ×３ｍ×４ｍ的板框式浮动网箱内进行。箱体为单层聚乙烯网衣结构，用铁锚和沉石固定。网衣网目大小分别是２０目，０．６ｃｍ和１．０ｃｍ网径。１．３养殖措施１．３．１苗种及放苗数第一茬养殖于５月４日将体长０．８～１．２ｃｍ的中国对虾苗２００００尾直放…     

海水中砷标准物质的研制

本文介绍了海水中砷标准物质的研制过程，其中包括溶液的配制、均匀性和稳定性检验，标样的分析方法。并对标准物质的定值数据进行统计处理，两种浓度的定值结果分别为：１．００μｇ／ｃｍ３±０．０４μｇ／ｃｍ３和５１．０μｇ／ｄｍ３±２．６μｇ／ｄｍ３。两种浓度砷标准物质的稳定期均为一年     

南海东北部沉积物间隙水氮和硅的研究

测定了南海东北部沉积物间隙水中ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的含量。６个站位的５－１０ｃｍ层的ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的含量分别为０．４７－１．７０，０．８４－２．６０和１０．１７－１１．６９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。研究了上术物质含量在５０号站的深度分布。估算了ＮＯ３－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ从间隙水向覆水扩散的通量分别为通量分别为０．０３３和０．０１９ｍ ｍｏｌ／ｍ＾２．ｄ。     

The vertical mode method in the problems of flexural-gravity waves diffracted by a vertical cylinder

The linear three-dimensional problem of ice loads acting on a vertical circular cylinder frozen in an ice cover of infinite extent is studied. The loads are caused by an uni-directional hydroelastic wave propagating in the ice cover towards the cylinder mounted to the see bottom in water of constant depth. There are no open water surfaces in this problem. The deflection of the ice cover is described by the Bernoulli–Euler equation of a thin elastic plate of constant thickness. At the contact line between the ice cover and the surface of the cylinder, some edge conditions are imposed. In this study, the edge of the ice plate is either clamped to the cylinder or has no contact with the cylinder surface, with the plate edge being free of stresses and shear forces. The water is of finite constant depth, inviscid and incompressible. The problem is solved by both the vertical mode method and using the Weber integral transform in the radial coordinate. Each vertical mode corresponds to a root of the dispersion relation for flexural-gravity waves. It is proved that these two solutions are identical for the clamped edge conditions. This result is non-trivial because the vertical modes are non-orthogonal in a standard sense, they are linearly dependent, the roots of the dispersion relation can be double and even triple, and the set of the modes could be incomplete. A general solution of the wave-cylinder interaction problem is derived by the method of vertical modes and applied to different edge conditions on the contact line. There are three conditions of solvability in this problem. It is shown that these conditions are satisfied for any parameters of the problem.     

Normal mode decomposition for identification of storm tide and tsunami hazard

Normal mode decomposition is shown to be a useful analysis methodology in the evaluation of storm tide and tsunami hazard at a coastal site. The prediction of the normal modes, the basin eigenmodes, is formulated as a Sturm–Liouville problem. Numerical solution follows transformation to a matrix eigenvalue problem. Numerical implementation issues are identified and resolved, and typical eigenmode solutions for spatially varied basins in one and two spatial dimensions are given. A spectral line plot is demonstrated as a suitable analysis summary for an historical storm tide or tsunami event. Prediction of the response amplitudes at the discrete eigenmodes is formulated and solved as a problem in multi-dimensional optimization.     

北欧海大气低空辐合辐散的东西振荡模态及其相应的大气遥相关异常环流

北欧海作为连接北冰洋和北大西洋的重要海域,其由热效应产生的辐合场值得关注。本文利用NECP/NCAR的速度势函数(Velocity Potential,VP)数据表征北欧海辐合辐散场,发现在秋冬季北欧海上空大气低层存在一个独立的辐合区域。经验正交函数分解结果表明,北欧海上空的VP显示出除了表征北极涛动的全区一致型模态外,还表现出一个东西向辐合辐散反位相的东西振荡型模态。该模态与一支连接北大西洋涛动(NAO)和欧亚遥相关(EU)的复合型大气遥相关波列有关,北欧海表层潜热和感热异常加热通过影响低空大气的异常辐合辐散,与北大西洋偶极子型海温异常加热共同作用,加强了NAO异常环流;同时高空急流波导作用加强了从北欧海到东亚的EU波列,使得位于NAO和EU之间的北欧海成为连接NAO和EU大气遥相关波列的“中继站”,进而通过这种复合型大气遥相关波列将北大西洋与东亚大气环流联系起来,形成对东亚地区天气气候的远程影响。     

Direct time domain analysis of floating structures with linear and nonlinear mooring stiffness in a 3D numerical wave tank

In this paper, motion response of a moored floating structure interacting with a large amplitude and steep incident wave field is studied using a coupled time domain solution scheme. Solution of the hydrodynamic boundary value problem is achieved using a three-dimensional numerical wave tank (3D NWT) approach based upon a form of Mixed-Eulerian–Lagrangian (MEL) scheme. In the developed method, nonlinearity arising due to incident wave as well as nonlinear hydrostatics is completely captured while the hydrodynamic interactions of radiation and diffraction are determined at every time step based on certain simplifying approximations. Mooring lines are modelled as linear as well as nonlinear springs. The horizontal tension for each individual mooring line is obtained from the nonlinear load-excursion plot of the lines computed using catenary theory, from which the linear and nonlinear line stiffness are determined. Motions of three realistic floating structures with different mooring systems are analyzed considering various combinations of linear and approximate nonlinear hydrodynamic load computations and linear/nonlinear mooring line stiffness. Results are discussed to bring out the influence and need for consideration of nonlinearities in the hydrodynamics and hydrostatics as well as the nonlinear modelling of the line stiffness.     

海岸带环境遥感信息的系统集成

利用遥感资料进行海岸带环境动态变化监测具有快速准确的优点。随着高空间分辨遥感技术的发展,遥感技术已成为海岸带资源环境管理中一个重要的信息获取手段。海岸带环境遥感信息系统以遥感数据应用为核心,根据信息产品生产的业务化需求将遥感数据的获取、预处理、专题信息提取、遥感专题图产品制作的整个过程有机地集成为一体,实现了遥感数据处理、遥感信息提取、专题信息综合、专题产品制作等信息产品的业务化生产。海岸带环境遥感信息系统由硬件集成、软件集成、功能集成、数据集成等4方面内容组成,对系统集成的优缺点作了分析和探讨,并展望了其应用前景。     

Initial sedimentation of particles from a line source in 1-D homogenous current fields

On the basis of the study of initial sedimentation of suspended participates discharged from a continuous point source, the mode of dispersion, descension and deposition of the suspended particulates which are released from a line source is derived. By use of puff model, the semi-analytical solution to the problem of initial sedimentation of suspended particulates discharged from a continuous line source in one-dimensional homogenous current fields, of which water depth is constant, is presented, some computations and analyses for long-term distribution of sedimentation are carried out under various sets of parameters. And the comparisons between the sedimentation results of the line and point source are conducted. The results show that the higher the initial height,and the smaller the fall velocity of the particles ,the closer the sedimentation distribution results of the line source to that of the point source.     

Pulse-length-tolerant features and detectors for sector-scan sonar imagery

This paper presents a neural-network-based system to detect small man-made objects in sequences of sector-scan sonar images created using signals of various pulse lengths. The detection of such objects is considered out to ranges of 150 m by using an experimental sector-scan sonar system mounted on a vessel. The sonar system considered in this investigation has three modes of operation to create images over ranges of 200, 400, and 800 m from the vessel using acoustic pulses of a different duration for each mode. After an initial cleaning operation performed by compensating for the motion of the vessel, the imagery is segmented to extract objects for analysis. A set of 31 features extracted from each object is examined. These features consist of basic object size and contrast features, shape moment-based features, moment invariants, and features extracted from the second-order histogram of each object. Optimal sets of 15 features are then selected for each mode and over all modes using sequential forward selection (SFS) and sequential backward selection (SBS). These features are then used to train neural networks to detect man-made objects in each sonar mode. By the addition of a feature describing the sonar's mode of operation, a neural network is trained to detect man-made objects in any of the three sonar modes. The multimode detector is shown to perform very well when compared with detectors trained specifically for each sonar mode setting. The proposed detector is also shown to perform well when compared to a number of statistical detectors based on the same set of features. The proposed detector achieves a 92.4% probability of detection at a mean false-alarm rate of 10 per image, averaged over all sonar mode settings.     

First and second baroclinic mode responses of the tropical Indian Ocean to interannual equatorial wind anomalies

The combined and individual responses of the first and second baroclinic mode dynamics of the tropical Indian Ocean to the well-known Indian Ocean Dipole mode (IOD) wind anomalies are investigated. The IOD forced first baroclinic Rossby waves arrive at the western boundary in three months, while the reflected component from the eastern boundary with opposite phase arrives in five to six months, both carry input energy to the west. The inclusion of the second baroclinic mode slows down the wave propagation by mode coupling and stretches the energy spectrum to a relatively longer time scale. The total energy exists in the equatorial wave guide for at least five months from the forcing, as much as 10% of that of the atmospheric input, which mainly dissipates at the western boundary. The individual responses of the ocean to IOD interannual wind anomaly show that the significant modes of oceanic anomalies are confined to a wave guide of 10° on either side of the equator.     

Dragged surge motion of tension leg platforms and strained elastic tethers

This paper presents an analytical solution for the dynamic behavior of both the platform and tethers in the tension leg platform system when the platform system is subjected to the wave-induced surge motion and the flow-induced drag motion. Along with the analysis the coupling problem of a two dimensional tension leg platform interacting with a monochromatic linear wave train in an inviscid and incompressible fluid is being considered. The scattering problem and radiation problem are first solved independently and then combined together to resolve for all unknowns. The dynamic behavior of the platform and tethers was further solved based on these solutions. The material property and the dimensional effect for the tether incorporated in the tension leg platform system are both taken into account in the analytical analysis. Corresponding to the variation of material properties and tether dimensions, it was found that the dynamic behavior of both the tether of tension leg platform and the platform itself is closely related to the material property and the dimension of the tether.     

Modeling of propagation and transformation of transient nonlinear waves on a current

A novel theoretical approach is applied to predict the propagation and transformation of transient nonlinear waves on a current. The problem was solved by applying an eigenfunction expansion method and the derived semi-analytical solution was employed to study the transformation of wave profile and the evolution of wave spectrum arising from the nonlinear interactions of wave components in a wave train which may lead to the formation of very large waves. The results show that the propagation of wave trains is significantly affected by a current. A relatively small current may substantially affect wave train components and the wave train shape. This is observed for both opposing and following current. The results demonstrate that the application of the nonlinear model has a substantial effect on the shape of a wave spectrum. A train of originally linear and very narrow-banded waves changes its one-peak spectrum to a multi-peak one in a fairly short distance from an initial position. The discrepancies between the wave trains predicted by applying the linear and nonlinear models increase with the increasing wavelength and become significant in shallow water even for waves with low steepness. Laboratory experiments were conducted in a wave flume to verify theoretical results. The free-surface elevations recorded by a system of wave gauges are compared with the results provided by the nonlinear model. Additional verification was achieved by applying a Fourier analysis and comparing wave amplitude spectra obtained from theoretical results with experimental data. A reasonable agreement between theoretical results and experimental data is observed for both amplitudes and phases. The model predicts fairly well multi-peak spectra, including wave spectra with significant nonlinear wave components.