重磁震联合解释在崖北凹陷地球物理解释中的应用

在面对复杂地质条件下的勘探问题时,单一使用地震勘探方法存在局限性,经常难以得到满意的地质解释。这就需要使用多种物探方法进行辅助和补充。本研究综合利用海洋重力磁力测量数据,以Encom Model Vision解释软件为平台,结合琼东南盆地崖北凹陷区域地质背景资料,在两条地震剖面及邻近井资料的约束下建立地质地球物理模型,进行重磁反演,对两条测线中的地层及地质异常体的密度及磁化率进行计算。结果显示,崖北凹陷地层呈现四层密度结构,反演所得沉积基底密度为2.70 g/cm3,沉积地层的密度为2.18~2.51 g/cm3。地震剖面中向上侵入的地质异常体经判断为新近系末期喷出地表被后续沉积地层覆盖所形成的蘑菇状,低密度,中-强磁性的火成岩体。结合磁力异常可推断在测区西部还有更大规模的发育的火成岩侵入。这表明了同时新近系末期火成岩及相应火山活动的发现将会对崖北凹陷油气的成藏产生一定的影响。     

白云凹陷地球物理场及深部结构特征

珠江口盆地白云凹陷是南海最具代表性的第三系深水陆坡沉积区。以穿过白云凹陷中部的一条深反射地震剖面(14s)为研究基础，采用综合地球物理研究方法分析了该区地球物理场特征，根据重力异常平面等值线勾画了白云凹陷的形态，并提取该测线相对应的重磁剖面数据，利用重磁资料和地震剖面进行了综合反演。以深剖面地震资料建立了地质模型，利用所得的重力数据进行了研究深部结构的正演拟合，实测与计算值拟合较好，支持中生代俯冲洋壳存在的观点；同时结合地震资料对深部结构进行了分析，该区莫霍面由陆向海抬升，呈阶梯状变化，地壳厚度逐渐减薄，具有大陆边缘陆壳向洋壳过渡的特征。根据地质模型还进行了变密度综合反演拟合来分析基底岩性特征，该区基底主要为中酸性岩浆岩，部分为变质岩和基性火山岩，岩石密度由陆向洋逐渐减小，磁性体分布不均。     

南海东北部深部构造与中新生代沉积盆地

利用OBS资料作约束条件对南海东北部的地球物理资料，主要是重力资料和多道反射地震资料进行反演，获取比较理想的莫霍面深度，地壳厚度，中生代沉积基底面，新生代沉积底界面等地壳结构信息，研究发现该区中生代沉积盆地形成模式与新生代沉积盆地的形成模式不同，中生代沉积基底与莫霍面呈正相关，而新生代沉积基底则与莫霍面呈明显的镜像关系。中生仝层不受边界断层控制，中生代沉积基底与莫霍面呈正相关，而新生代沉积基底则与莫霍面呈明显的镜像关系。中生代地层不受边界断层控制。中生代沉积坳陷边界实质上是残留的中生代地层的边界，中生代沉积盆地具有大型坳陷沉积特征，而新生代盆地为断陷盆地。     

琼东南盆地深水区长昌凹陷地壳结构特征

长昌凹陷位于琼东南盆地深水区,向东通过西沙海槽与南海西北次海盆相通,其近东西向的展布形态明显异于深水区其他凹陷的NE-NEE向形态,为了弄清其地壳结构,从而更好地分析凹陷的结构和演化机制,这里根据深反射地震资料、VSP资料和最新重力资料对长昌凹陷的地壳结构进行了综合地球物理模拟.结果显示:长昌凹陷北侧地壳厚度为22～24 km,南侧地壳厚度约20～22 km,从两侧向长昌凹陷中央地壳厚度逐渐减薄,最薄处只有2.8 km;莫霍面深度与沉积基底呈镜像关系,沉积基底最深的地方莫霍面深度最浅,最浅深度距海平面13.8 km;凹陷中央东部存在一层厚约4 km的下地壳高速层,该层在地震剖面和层速度剖面上均可识别.     

珠江口盆地基底结构的综合地球物理研究

通过对珠江口盆地重磁资料的分析处理及反演计算，依据盆地的地质、地球物理特征，采取了针对性的综合地球物理研究思路与方法，对地震资料难以解决的珠江口盆地基底结构进行了研究，确定了盆地的重力和磁性基底深度，并对盆地内的断裂和基底岩性作了推断，提供了新的认识，为今后研究提供了依据。     

东海陆架区中北部前第三系基底综合地球物理研究

从地震、钻井资料出发,结合周边地质特征,推断东海陆架区中北部存在中生界和古生界地层。结合地震资料,正演消除了海底和新生界密度不均匀在重力场上的影响,定量反演重、磁力异常并求取了重力基底和磁性基底。重力基底的特征在东西分带的大背景下表现出“靠陆侧南北分块,靠洋侧东西分带”的特点。西湖凹陷区的磁性基底与重力基底埋深大致相同,不一致地方可能是受岩体的影响。西湖凹陷以西地区,包括海礁凸起等单元,总体出现磁性基底埋深比重力基底埋深深2km左右,初步解释为古生界地层的反映。中生界地层厚度的分布也具有东西分带和南北分块特点。西湖凹陷西缘的中生界地层厚度大,其中带中生界虽然含有一定的火山岩或火山碎屑岩,但沉积岩更多,这对下一步的油气勘探有利。     

东海西湖凹陷平湖组沉积环境演化

东海西湖凹陷ＴＷＴ井位于盆地南部,ＰＨＡ井位于盆地西部斜坡,是目前西湖凹陷揭露平湖组最多的两口钻井,以ＰＨＡ,ＴＷＴ井平滑组沉积特征及古生物资料为依据,以海平面升降控相原理为指导,通过旋回地层学分析,建立了Ａ,Ｂ,Ｃ,Ｄ四个等时沉积旋回,而而旋回间两井对比受相应的地震波组控制。通过对比,建立了Ｄｔ－Ａｐ的具最大地史跨度的平湖组沉积序列;而Ｂｔ,Ｃｔ与Ｂｐ,Ｃｐ之间的沉积旋回对比,揭示了同沉积期空间     

东海陆盆地早期沉积体系及其资源远景评价意义

根据东海四轮对外招标和近期部分工作成果，对东海陆架盆地新生代早期与前第三系含油气系统存在的可能性及其油气资源远景评价意义进行了初步分析，推测西湖－基隆（台北）凹陷带新生代盆地早期－古新统（T^04-T6^0）可能发育裂谷早期湖相或滨海湖相沉积体系，与已经钻探证实的长江－丽水（瓯江）凹陷带构成“二坳夹－隆”的沉积格局，认为该河湖沉积体系与前第三系含油气系统的陆架盆地区提供了更为广阔油气资源远景评价和勘探空间。     

胶莱盆地构造单元划分及其特征

根据胶东地区重力反演计算结果，结合地质资料，对胶莱盆地内部单元进行划分，并进一步结合沉积特征，对各构造单元特征进行了初步的总结。     

东海陆架盆地南部区域地震速度分析

在利用速度谱资料进行速度研究的可行性基础上,使用多种方法对速度谱资料进行甄别、筛选,对有效的速度谱资料进行统计、分析,计算出瓯江、闽江、基隆、晋江4个区域及全区的平均速度趋势,阐明了制作各反射层位平均速度分布图的方法,为本区时深转换提供基础资料。同时,分析了地震地质构造与速度趋势的相关性和一致性,对盆地内构造活动不强的区域等速度线与地层分布趋势及密度的关系进行了探讨,指出其对研究重力资料有一定的指导作用。     

Structure of the basins of the White Sea rift systems

For the first time, the structure of the sedimentary basins of the Late Proterozoic rift system in the White Sea is characterized based on a set of new marine geological geophysical data such as the results of the common depth point seismic method, gravity and magnetic data, and seismoacoustics. The main tectonic structures in the topography of the heterogeneous basement within the basin of the White Sea are distinguished and described. A structural tectonic scheme of the basement surface is presented. The thicknesses of the sediments are estimated and the stratigraphic confinement of the seismic units recognized is done.     

Velocity structure in the South Yellow Sea basin based on first-arrival tomography of wide-angle seismic data and its geological implications

The South Yellow Sea basin is filled with Mesozoic–Cenozoic continental sediments overlying pre-Palaeozoic and Mesozoic–Palaeozoic marine sediments. Conventional multi-channel seismic data cannot describe the velocity structure of the marine residual basin in detail, leading to the lack of a deeper understanding of the distribution and lithology owing to strong energy shielding on the top interface of marine sediments. In this study, we present seismic tomography data from ocean bottom seismogra...     

High resolution velocity analysis of ocean bottom seismometer data by theτ-p method

A method of high resolution seismic velocity analysis for ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) records is applied to the study of the shallow oceanic crust, especially sedimentary and basement layers. This method is based on the direct-p mapping and the-sum inversion. We use data obtained from a 1989 airgun-OBS experiment in the northern Yamato Basin, Japan Sea and derive P- and S-wave velocity functions that can be compared with the seismic reflection profiles. Using split-spread profile records, we obtain interface dips and true interval velocities from the OBS data. These results show good agreement with the reflection profile records, the acoustic velocities of core samples, and sonic log profiles. We also present a method for estimating errors in the derived velocity functions by calculating covariance of the derived layers' thicknesses. The estimated depth errors are about 150 m at shallow depths, which is close to the seismic wavelength used. The high resolution of this method relies on accurate determination of shot positions by GPS, spatially dense seismic observations, and the use of unsaturated reflected waves arriving after the direct water wave that are observed on low-gain component records.     

Isostasy and paleotemperatures in the Southern Tyrrhenian Basin,Mediterranean Sea

The present-day basement depth of the seafloor in the absence of sediment loading was inferred along a traverse crossing the Southern Tyrrhenian Basin. A correction for sediment loading was proposed on the basis of density, seismic velocity and porosity data from selected deep boreholes. The empirical relation between sediment correction and seismic two-way travel time was extrapolated downward by applying the Nafe–Drake curve and a specific porosity–depth relation. The sediment loading response of the basement calculated for flexural isostasy is on average about one hundred meters lower than results for local isostasy. A pure lithosphere extensional model was then used to predict quantitatively the basement subsidence pattern on the margins of the basin. The basement depth is consistent with uniform extension model predictions only in some parts of the margins. The observed variability in the region of greatest thinning (transition from continental to oceanic crust) is attributable to the weakening effect caused by diffuse igneous intrusions. Subsidence of the volcanic Calabrian–Sicilian margin is partly accounted for by magmatic underplating. The comparison of the calculated subsidence with an oceanic lithosphere cooling model shows that subsidence is variable in some areas, particularly in the Marsili Basin. This argues for a typical back-arc origin for the Tyrrhenian Basin, as a result of subduction processes. By taking into account the geodynamic setting, stratigraphic data from the deepest hole and the terrestrial heat flow, we reconstructed the paleotemperatures of cover sediments. The results suggest that low temperatures generally have prevailed during sediment deposition and that the degree of maturation is expected not to be sufficient for oil generation processes.     

Depth anomalies in the Arabian Basin, NW Indian Ocean

We present previously unreported depth anomalies in the Arabian Basin, northwest Indian Ocean, to provide constraints on the evolution of the oceanic lithosphere of that basin. The depth anomaly reported in this study was calculated as the difference between the observed depth to oceanic basement (corrected for sediment load) and the calculated depth to oceanic basement of the same age. The results indicate an anomalous depth to basement of oceanic crust in the Arabian Basin in the age bracket of 63–42 Ma, suggesting that subsidence in this basin does not follow the age–depth relationship of normal oceanic crust. The depth anomalies in the basin vary from +501 to −905 m. A negative depth anomaly zone, mapped in the eastern part of the basin near the Laccadive Ridge, indicates that here the basement depth is shallower than predicted. By contrast, a positive depth anomaly zone, mapped in the western part of the basin, indicates a deeper basement depth than expected. We propose that the excess subsidence of basement of the western part of the basin is probably caused by a relatively cold mantle, compared to the nearby eastern part of the basin which is affected by the intense thermal field of the former Reunion hotspot. Here, the rise in oceanic basement is caused by the vertical upwelling of oceanic crust due to convection, followed by a lateral across-axis flow facilitated by the Reunion hotspot at the time of spreading in early Tertiary times. This interpretation is in good agreement with spreading-ridge propagation and ridge-hotspot interaction reported earlier for the basin.     

琉球沟弧盆系莫氏面深度的三维广义反演

本文利用三维广义反演技术对重力资料进行反演，计算出了琉球沟弧盆系地区的莫氏面深度。由于考虑了分辨率和方差之间的最佳折衷问题，反演结果不论是在精度上还是在分辨能力方面都有了明显改进。分析结果也表明，重力反演得到的莫氏面深度同李昭兴等人用地震折射波法得到的莫氏面深度有较大的差别。文中地产生这种差别的可能原因提出了自己的见解。     

Calculation of geoid undulations and gravity anomalies in the Northwest Pacific by using the Topex/Poseidon and Geosat altimeter data

INTRODUCTIONThegeoidistheiargeopotentials~econfidingmostlywiththemeanseasurfaceandisdenotedastheheightrelativetotheidealelliPSes~eoftheearth.Thegeoidundulationsinglobalaceareupto100m.TheunevenstructureOftheearthgivesrisetotheunevenfeatureofthecitysot...     

2-D and 3-D modelling of wide-angle seismic data: an example from the Vøring volcanic passive margin

This study presents the modelling of 2-D and 3-D wide-angle seismic data acquired on the complex, volcanic passive margin of the Vøring Plateau, off Norway. Three wide-angle seismic profiles were shot and recorded simultaneously by 21 Ocean Bottom Seismometers, yielding a comprehensive 3-D data set, in addition to the three in-line profiles. Coincident multi-channel seismic profiles are used to better constrain the modelling, but the Mesozoic and deeper structures are poorly imaged due to the presence of flood basalts and sills. Velocity modelling reveals an unexpectedly large 30 km basement high hidden below the flood basalt. When interpreted as a 2-D structure, this basement high produces a modelled gravity anomaly in disagreement with the observed gravity. However, both the gravity and the seismic data suggest that the structure varies in all three directions. The modelling of the entire 3-D set of travel times leads to a coherent velocity structure that confirms the basement high; it also shows that the abrupt transition to the slower Cretaceous basin coincides in position and orientation with the fault system forming the Rån Ridge. The positive gravity anomaly over the Rån Ridge originates from the focussed and coincident elevation of the high velocity lower crust and pre-Cretaceous basement. Although the Moho is not constrained by the seismic data, the gravity modelled from the 3-D velocity model shows a better fit along the profiles. This study illustrates the interest of a 3-D acquisition of wide-angle seismic over complex structures and the benefit of the subsequent integrated interpretation of the seismic and gravity data.