共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 718 毫秒
1.
对跨河水准测量和跨海高程传递三角高程测量的观测方法和数据处理进行了比较.简单介绍了4处跨海高程传递测区的概况,并提出一种针对“光段差互差”的评估方法.对4处跨海点三角高程实测数据进行质量分析和平差计算,结果表明:除实验区外,跨海三角高程测量的偶然中误差可以达到二等水准测量的精度;数据质量分析结果表明,满足二等水准限差的外业观测数据的有效率为50%左右;满足三等水准限差的数据有效率为90%左右. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
本文介绍了平潭海峡采用了较先进的测距三角高程法和计算理论。完成距离长达3478m跨海三等水准测量。通过改造观测觇板、提高照准精度、运用两个大地四边形的布网形式,构成一个以跨海测线为主的具有外部检核条件的水准闭合环;通过间接测量仪器高、间接计算高差、间接求两差改正数的方法,取得了远距离跨海水准测量的一些成功经验。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
H. JÄRVINEN K. SALONEN M. LINDSKOG A. HUUSKONEN S. NIEMELÄ R. ERESMAA 《地球,A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》2009,61(2):278-287
An observation operator for Doppler radar radial wind measurements is developed further in this article, based on the earlier work and considerations of the measurement characteristic. The elementary observation operator treats radar observations as point measurements at pre-processed observation heights. Here, modelling of the radar pulse volume broadening in vertical and the radar pulse path bending due to refraction is included to improve the realism of the observation modelling.
The operator is implemented into the High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM) limited area numerical weather prediction (NWP) system. A data set of circa 133 000 radial wind measurements is passively monitored against the HIRLAM six-hourly background values in a 1-month experiment. No data assimilation experiments are performed at this stage. A new finding is that the improved modelling reduces the mean observation minus background (OmB) vector wind difference at ranges below 55 km, and the standard deviation of the radial wind OmB difference at ranges over 25 km.
In conclusion, a more accurate and still computationally feasible observation operator is developed. The companion paper (Part II) considers optimal super-observation processing of Doppler radar radial winds for HIRLAM, with general applicability in NWP. 相似文献
The operator is implemented into the High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM) limited area numerical weather prediction (NWP) system. A data set of circa 133 000 radial wind measurements is passively monitored against the HIRLAM six-hourly background values in a 1-month experiment. No data assimilation experiments are performed at this stage. A new finding is that the improved modelling reduces the mean observation minus background (OmB) vector wind difference at ranges below 55 km, and the standard deviation of the radial wind OmB difference at ranges over 25 km.
In conclusion, a more accurate and still computationally feasible observation operator is developed. The companion paper (Part II) considers optimal super-observation processing of Doppler radar radial winds for HIRLAM, with general applicability in NWP. 相似文献
13.
14.
通过分析高程异常的扰动源,探究地形均衡扰动物质引起的均衡高程异常,说明全球许多高原地区的高程异常为负值的主要原因在于地球深部的密度异常,而非地球表面突起的扰动物质和相应地壳均衡部分的扰动物质。一般地,地形及均衡部分对高程异常的影响不足以完全反映高程异常的符号,在许多高原地区的高程异常为负值,可能在深层地幔有大尺度负的扰动质量进行补偿。 相似文献
15.
16.
一维综合孔径微波辐射计能够有效提高观测的空间分辨率,其观测入射角通常在0°~55°范围内变化。为了开发适用于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的海面温度反演算法,需要评估其观测亮温对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性。利用海面发射率模型和大气辐射传输模型,构建了适用于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的微波海洋大气辐射传输模式,研究了C波段垂直和水平极化微波辐射亮温在不同入射角下对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性变化情况,并定量计算了相应的敏感系数。结果表明:垂直和水平极化亮温对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性表现出不同的特性。随着入射角的增大,垂直极化亮温对海面温度的敏感性增强,对海面风场的敏感性相对减弱;水平极化亮温则相反。由大气水汽含量和云液态水含量误差引入的垂直和水平极化亮温误差随入射角增大而增大,但是,即使在55°的大入射角下垂直和水平极化亮温误差仍小于0.12 K。对于海面温度反演精度优于1 K的要求,一维综合孔径微波辐射计的测温精度需优于0.6 K。研究结果对于一维综合孔径微波辐射计海面温度反演算法的研究和载荷设计具有一定的理论指导意义。 相似文献