1998年夏季南海水团分析

根据 1 998年夏季“南海季风试验 ( SCSMEX)”期间所获的 CTD资料 ,使用系统聚类、Fuzzy模式聚类、Bayes判别分析和 Fuzzy分析等水团分析方法 ,对南海水体的结构和水团配置状况等进行了分析 ,划出了南海存在的 9个主要水团 ,并对各水团的温、盐度特征进行了初析。在调查期间 ,南海本地水 (南海水 )几乎控制了整个调查海区 ,而黑潮水仅出现在台湾岛的西南海域 ;海水强烈混合发生在吕宋海峡附近 ;在中南半岛以东和吕宋岛以西海域 ,表层水明显下沉 ;在南海东南部可能有来自苏禄海的海水 ,其温、盐度特征类似于吕宋海峡中的黑潮水     

黑潮和中国近海环流

本文根据历史资料总结和讨论了黑潮对中国近海环流影响的基本结果,指出经巴士海峡进入南海和沿台湾海峡向北运动的黑潮分支,其年际变化明显,并认为该黑潮分支的运动状况对中国近海特别是南海和东海南部的中、下层环流影响显著,需要作进一步的调查研究。     

台湾海峡南部的海洋锋

通过近期水文观测,结合卫星遥感和历史水文资料,对台湾海峡南部海域的海洋锋现象进行了整体分析。结果表明,由于多种水系在此交汇,台湾海峡南部冬、夏季匀有明显锋面发育。受季风气候影响,锋面发育有显著的季节差异。夏季影响本海区的水系主要有韩江冲淡水、上升流、南海水、和黑潮水等。它们的交汇形成了韩江冲淡水羽状锋、台湾浅滩上升流锋、黑潮锋、以及陆架／陆坡锋等的三维锋结构。韩江冲淡水和上升汉对夏季海崃南部浅海峰     

东海西部陆架海域水团的季节特征分析

On the basis of the CTD data and the modeling results in the winter and summer of 2009, the seasonal characteristics of the water masses in the western East China Sea shelf area were analyzed using a cluster analysis method. The results show that the distributions and temperature-salinity characteristics of the water masses in the study area are of distinct seasonal difference. In the western East China Sea shelf area, there are three water masses during winter, i.e., continental coastal water（CCW）, Taiwan Warm Current surface water（TWCSW） and Yellow Sea mixing water（YSMW）, but four ones during summer, i.e., the CCW, the TWCSW, Taiwan Warm Current deep water（TWCDW） and the YSMW. Of all, the CCW, the TWCSW and the TWCDW are all dominant water masses. The CCW, primarily characterized by a low salinity, has lower temperature, higher salinity and smaller spatial extent in winter than in summer. The TWCSW is warmer, fresher and smaller in summer than in winter, and it originates mostly from the Kuroshio surface water（KSW） northeast of Taiwan, China and less from the Taiwan Strait water during winter, but it consists of the strait water and the KSW during summer. The TWCDW is characterized by a low temperature and a high salinity, and originates completely in the Kuroshio subsurface water northeast of Taiwan.     

春季东海不同水域的表层叶绿素含量

利用１９９４年春季在东海及台湾海峡首次获得的表层水中绿素含量大面走航连续观测资料，结合温盐分布及以往的有关东海及台湾海峡的海流和上升流的结论，分析了春季东海表层叶绿素含量在不同水域的分布特征。结果表明，叶绿素含量分布与水文结构关系密切。叶绿素含量值随不同海流流域而变，但在各海流流域内基本不变，黑潮表层水的叶绿素含量最低，其次是台湾暖流表层水，长江冲淡水与江浙沿岸流域的叶绿素含量较高；黑潮西侧弱流剧     

南海上升流研究概述

本文对近40a来南海上升流研究结果进行了概述，重点介绍了南海北部陆架区上升流的时空分布特征，及其消长和形成机制等研究成果．这些研究成果揭示上升沈是整个南海北部陆架区夏季的普遍现象，具有南海海盆的空间尺度．引起南海北部陆架区夏季上升流存在的动力因素是盛行的西南季风．该上升流在空间和时间上的分布是不均一的，海南岛东北和闽、粤边界海域是上升流中心区；台湾浅滩周围的上升流呈多元结构，各上升流区海水的理化性质存在看明显差异；在粤东，上升流的影响可达沿海港湾内部，并支配看这些港湾的夏季水文条件．南海除了在其北部陆架区存在看夏季上升流外，夏季在越南东部沿岸和冬季在吕宋岛沿岸均存在看上升流。     

Hydrological analysis of Kuroshio water intrusion into the South China Sea

IN~crIONInvestigation of physical oceanography in the sleuth China Sea can be traced back tO the early17th century. America, England, Japan and Russia all carried out investigations in the sea. Butthe survey areas were limited and the data were scrappy. After entering this century big progresshas been achieved in the investigation of the sea both in the scale of survey and the depth ofstudy. So far the papers such as "Wind and drift currents in the mouth China Sea" (Dale, 1956)and "Phys…     

台湾海峡西南部海域春季悬浮体及沉积物来源与输运机制

台湾海峡作为连接东海和南海的重要通道,其悬浮体和沉积物的来源和输运格局非常复杂。2005年4~5月利用带有浊度传感器和荧光传感器的SD204型CTD对台湾海峡西南部海域627个站位的悬浮体特性进行了综合调查,并采集了底层沉积物。在室内分别利用英国Marlvern公司生产的Mastersizer 2000型激光粒度仪和德国ELEMENTOR公司生产的ELEMENTOR varioELIII型元素分析仪对表层沉积物进行了粒度分析和沉积物碳、氮含量测定,结果表明,台湾海峡西南部海域春季受粤东沿岸流、韩江冲淡水、九龙江冲淡水及台湾海峡混合水影响,其中粤东沿岸流在向北输运过程中影响强度逐渐减弱,韩江冲淡水影响范围较大,并且在西南季风的控制下向东北方向输运;长时间尺度的沉积物输运格局表明,近岸沉积物由岸向海输运,远海地区沉积物由海向岸输运,并且在汕尾南部海域、南澳岛东南部海域形成了沉积物的汇聚区,沉积物以陆源为主;表层沉积物的输运过程受控于区域内水团、悬浮体分布及运动格局;在春季上升流形成早期尽管叶绿素荧光值相对较低,但其对表层沉积物的输运过程起着非常重要的控制作用。     

Response to Liu's comments on “The Kuroshio intermediate water is the major source of nutrients on the East China Sea continental shelf” by Chen (1996)

Exchanges between the East China Sea (ECS) and the Kuroshio have been recalculated by taking into consideration the intra-annual variation of salinity on the shelf. Flux through the Taiwan Strait, previously unavailable data in the Yellow Sea and in the central and northern ECS, denitrification and ground water fluxes are now also considered. The Kuroshio Intermediate Water remains the major source of nutrients on the East China Sea continental shelf, with slightly more upwelling in the dry season than in the wet season.     

Evolution of the Kuroshio Tropical Water from the Luzon Strait to the east of Taiwan

This study examines the evolution of the Kuroshio Tropical Water (KTW) from the Luzon Strait to the I-Lan Ridge northeast of Taiwan. Historical conductivity temperature depth (CTD) profiles are analyzed using a method based on the calculation of the root mean square (rms) difference of the salinity along isopycnals. In combination with analysis of the distribution of the salinity maximum, this method enables water masses in the Kuroshio and the vicinity, to be tracked and distinguished as well as the detection of the areas where water masses are modified. Vertical and horizontal eddy diffusivities are then calculated from hydrographic and current velocity data to elucidate the dynamics underlying the KTW interactions with the surrounding water masses. Changes in KTW properties mainly occur in the southern half of the Luzon Strait, while moderate variations are observed east of Taiwan on the right flank of the Kuroshio. In spite of a front dividing the KTW from the South China Sea Tropical Water (SCSTW) on Kuroshio׳s western side, mixing between these two water masses seemingly occurs in the Luzon Strait. These water masses׳ interaction is not evident east of Taiwan. The estimation of eddy diffusivities yields high horizontal diffusivities (K_h~10² m² s⁻¹) all along the Kuroshio path, due to the high current shear along the Kuroshio׳s flanks. The vertical diffusivity approaches 10⁻³ m² s⁻¹, with the highest values in the southern Luzon Strait. Instabilities generated when the Kuroshio encounters the rough topography of this region may enhance both vertical and horizontal diffusivities there.     

黑潮水入侵南海的水文分析──Ⅱ.1994年8—9月期间的观测结果

利用1994年8－9月期间，由台湾海峡两岸的4艘海洋调查船在南海东北部海域所获之CTD和ADCP资料，并结合1992年3月间在同一海域获取的CTD资料及部分历史水文资料，对该区域的海水特性以及黑潮水入侵南海等问题进行了分析探讨。结果表明：调查期间，本海区水团分布与冬末、春初（1992年3月）航次基本相似，即南海和西北太平洋海域的海水结构有着各自相对独立的温、盐度特性。虽发现有黑潮水穿越巴上海峡进入南海，但其势力甚弱。因此，在夏末秋初，黑潮亦无直接的分支深入南海，即使在巴士海峡北端进入台湾海峡的黑潮水，其影响也是十分微弱的。由等密度面、地转流分析和实测ADCP资料显示，在调查海区的东南海域存在一支较强的N向流动。它沿菲律宾西海岸北上，绕过吕宋岛西北角流向东北，在巴上海峡呈现与黑潮水混合的迹象，其水体在冬季明显呈高温、低盐的特性；夏季则为相对低温、低盐。故在冬季的几幅卫星图像上也有较好的体现，很有可能长年存在。     

东海西部沿岸海域冬季的逆温跃层现象及其与环流的关系

本文引用《渤海、黄海、东海海洋图集──水文》分册（１９９２）中有关逆温跃层分布变化的图幅以及温盐历史资料,指出东海西部沿岸（２２～３２°Ｎ）冬季出现逆温跃层的区域北起长江口,南到南澳岛以南几乎相联成片的现象,论述了这一分布与中国东南近海冬季潜伏于深底层的暖流水的区域相吻合,从而从水文结构上证实了冬季在深底层粤东沿岸的南海暖流北上通过台湾海峡西部与闽浙沿岸的台湾暖流相接这一环流特征。     

东中国海拉格朗日环流数值模拟Ⅱ.环流模拟

依据自适应数值模型，模拟了东中国海冬、夏季三维斜压Lagrange环流。模拟发现：台湾暖流的上层水来自台湾海峡入流和台湾东北黑潮的表层水；50m以下的深底层水主要由台湾东北黑潮的次表层水入侵陆架生成。冬季对马暖流外海一侧主要由黑潮水构成，而其近陆一侧由台湾暖流和陆架混合水构成，西朝鲜沿岸流在济州海峡汇入对马暖流；夏季它还包含转向后的长江冲淡水。冬季黄海暖流并非对马暖流的直接分支，黄海暖流水是对马暖流水和陆架水混合而成，这与传统观点相悖，而与中韩黄海水循环动力学合作调查结果一致。黄海暖流东西两侧分别为2支向南流动的滑岸流。夏季黄海环流构成基本封闭的逆时针环流。冬季渤海环流主要有一逆时针大环流，但辽东湾的环流是顺时针向的。渤海环流冬强夏弱，水流在渤海海峡北进南出。     

夏季台湾暖流的水文化学特性及其对东海赤潮高发区影响的初步探讨

依据2006年夏季对东海区水文化学数据的现场调查, 对台湾暖流的水文化学特性进行了初步分析, 并对台湾暖流自身的水文化学特性对东海赤潮高发区的影响进行了初步探讨。结果表明, 夏季, 台湾暖流水具有台湾海峡水和黑潮次表层涌升水两个来源, 分别构成台湾暖流的表层水和深层水。通过亚硝酸盐含量的多少能够对表层水和深层水进行明显的区分。此外, 通过对台湾暖流水文特征的分析, 发现夏季台湾暖流在浙江沿海出现的上升流给赤潮生物提供了适宜的温度。并通过对台湾暖流的营养盐含量进行分析, 发现相对于硝酸盐含量, 台湾暖流含有较高的磷酸盐浓度, 能够缓解海区“过剩氮”导致的磷限制。     

2000年7-8月台湾海峡南部至珠江口附近海域表层温、盐度分析

根据表层温、盐度的观测结果，结合相关断面的CTD调查资料和同期的卫星遥感海表温度图，分析了2000年7月10日到8月2日台湾海峡南部至珠江口附近海域的一些海洋现象，结果表明：(1)在调查期间，东山至惠来沿岸海域存在明显的低温高盐区，海丰和惠来以南近岸海域的海水也具有相对高盐的性质，说明调查期间在闽南、粤东沿岸普遍存在上升流现象；(2)调查期间在台湾海峡南部至珠江口之间陆架—陆坡区附近的多个断面上观测到了较明显的盐度锋面；(3)珠江口外的盐度锋面的位置随时间而不断变化。     

Circulation of the East China Sea,a numerical study

A three-dimensional, primitive-equation model is developed to study how the Kuroshio, the monsoon, the Yangtze River outflow and the buoyancy forcing from the South China Sea affect the circulation of the East China Sea. It is found that the Kuroshio water usually intrudes into the East China Sea from both sides of Taiwan Island. Winter winds enhance the Kuroshio intrusion from northeast of Taiwan, but weaken it from the Taiwan Strait. Summer winds act in the opposite way. The increased presence of the Kuroshio water in the East China Sea in winter can be largely attributed to the shoreward surface Ekman drift associated with the northerly wind. In summer, the-shaped plume emanating from the Taiwan Strait is, to a large extent, produced by the buoyancy forcing from the South China Sea.In summer, the bimodal distribution of the Yangtze River outflow is initially produced by the upwelling-favorable wind. Away from the Yangtze River, the far-field dispersal of the fresher water depends on the strength of the Kuroshio. A stronger Kuroshio enhances the seaward dispersal of the northern branch of the Yangtze outflow north of Taiwan, but reduces the southward penetration of the southern branch. In winter, downwelling-favorable winds confine the Yangtze River outflow to a narrow band forming nearshore coastal jet penetrating southward. The northern tip of Taiwan acts as a conduit, channeling the seaward dispersal of the fresher water. The model results interpret the observed circulation patterns.     

Review on current and seawater volume transport through the Taiwan Strait

Patterns and features of currents and seawater volume transports in the Taiwan Strait have been reviewed by examining the results from more than 150 research papers in recent decades. It is noted that there are diverse or even conflicting viewpoints on these subjects. Here both common and different opinions are summarized. This review paper covers the studies involving in situ measurements and numerical modeling of current velocity, analyses of hydrographic data, and classification of water masses. Generally speaking, there are three currents in the Taiwan Strait: the China Coastal Current along the Fujian coast in the western Taiwan Strait, the extension of the South China Sea Warm Current in the western and central Taiwan Strait, and the Kuroshio’s branch or loop current intruding through the eastern Taiwan Strait. The current pattern in winter is quite different from that in summer, and the currents also exhibit differences between the upper and lower layers. The seawater volume transport through the Taiwan Strait is about 2.3 Sv northward in summer but about 0.8 Sv northward in winter. Both the current pattern and the seawater transport vary with local winds in the Taiwan Strait. This is particularly true in winter when the currents and the transport in the upper layer are significantly affected by strong northeasterly winds.     

Study on interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshio water in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea

The main processes of interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshiowater in the Huanghai Sea (HS) and East China Sea (ECS) are analyzed based on the observation and study results in recent years. These processes include the intrusion of the Kuroshio water into the shelf area of the ECS, the entrainment of the shelf water into the Kuroshio, the seasonal process in the southern shelf area of the ECS controlled alternatively by the Taiwan Strait water and the Kuroshio water intruding into the shelf area, the interaction between the Kuroshio branch water, shelf mixed water and modified coastal water in the northeastern ECS, the water-exchange between the HS and ECS and the spread of the Changjiang diluted water.     

中国东部海域中239+240Pu的来源与沉积过程研究

本文对东海及毗邻海域中239+240Pu比活度、240Pu/239Pu原子比值和239+240Pu累积通量或沉积通量数据进行整理,首次从大气沉降、海水中、生物体中、沉积物捕获器中以及沉积物中的239+240Pu 5个方面阐述了东海及毗邻海域中239+240Pu的地球化学行为。研究结果表明,全球大气沉降和太平洋核试验场输入的239+240Pu是东海海水和沉积物中239+240Pu的两个主要来源;在长江径流、浙闽沿岸流、台湾暖流、黑潮与上升流等水团的混合作用以及清除作用的影响下,东海近岸海水中239+240Pu浓度在时间上呈现被清除而减少的趋势,相应近岸浅水区沉积物中239+240Pu的埋藏深度高于远岸深水海域。在黑潮入侵和上升流的作用下,冲绳海槽区尤其是台湾岛东北部,沉积物中的239+240Pu比活度与沉积通量显著增大。同时,利用东海表层沉积物中239+240Pu比活度和240Pu/239Pu原子比值的相关关系证实了台湾东北部黑潮底层分支流的存在,并指示出台湾暖流与黑潮底层分支流可能交汇的海域位置。     

东海和南黄海夏季环流的斜压模式

基于拉格朗日余流及其输运过程的一种三维空间弱非线性理论，引进了黑潮边界力及长江径流，给出了东海和南黄海的夏季环流及上升流区的分布。计算结果表明：在黑潮西侧存在着台湾－对马暖流系统；进入朝鲜海峡的对马暖流来自台湾暖流、黑潮、东海混合水和西朝鲜沿岸流；黄海暖流主要来源于东海混合水，表面有部分来自对马暖流；闽浙沿岸存在上升流区且构成一带状区域；在长江口外、东海东北部和陆坡上也存在在上升流式；陆坡处上升流