海水液压作业工具系统的研制

介绍了一种以海水液压驱动的水下作业工具,分析了该系统的组成、工作原理、研制难点及解决方案。该工具系统能工作于300m以浅的海域,完成水下钢缆切断、船体和水下结构物表面的清刷、打磨等工作。     

“南浮一号”浮标体和锚碇系统研制中的模拟实验

海洋遥测遥控浮标系统,是先进的海洋调查工具。它具有长期、连续、定点,同步、综合性、自动化等特点。自六十年代起,不同类型、功能各异的浮标系统相继投入研制和使用。     

水下作业工具液压动力源的研制

通过水下作业工具的有关技术的介绍 ,阐述了液压动力源的基本构成及工作原理 ,设计了水压力自动补偿器可消除深水压力对工具系统的影响 ,最后 ,经过试验验证了理论的正确性     

本刊编辑部将启用“腾云”期刊协同采编系统(知网版)的启事

<正>"腾云"期刊协同采编系统(知网版)由中国知网制作,具有学术文献快速发表、稿件质量辅助评审、建立规范化、国际化的投稿采编系统的功能。可以通过在线采编系统,缩短审稿流程,加快稿件处理速度,实现论文快速发表;建立一稿多投、抄袭等学术不端稿件自动预审机制,提供稿件创新性比较分析工具和成果查新工具,减少低水平稿件,提高审稿的效率;建设期刊专业领域高水平作者数据库与审稿专家库,培育国际化读者群,作者群,为扩大期刊国际影响创     

本刊编辑部启用“腾云”期刊协同采编系统(知网版)的启事

<正>"腾云"期刊协同采编系统(知网版)由中国知网制作,具有学术文献快速发表、稿件质量辅助评审、建立规范化、国际化的投稿采编系统的功能。可以通过在线采编系统,缩短审稿流程,加快稿件处理速度,实现论文快速发表;建立一稿多投、抄袭等学术不端稿件自动预审机制,提供稿件创新性比较分析工具和成果查新工具,减少低水平稿件,提高审稿的效率;建设期刊专业领域高水平作者数据库与审稿专家库,培育国际化读者群,作者群,为扩大期刊国际影响创     

本刊编辑部启用“腾云”期刊协同采编系统(知网版)的启事

<正>"腾云"期刊协同采编系统(知网版)由中国知网制作,具有学术文献快速发表、稿件质量辅助评审、建立规范化、国际化的投稿采编系统的功能。可以通过在线采编系统,缩短审稿流程,加快稿件处理速度,实现论文快速发表;建立一稿多投、抄袭等学术不端稿件自动预审机制,提供稿件创新性比较分析工具和成果查新工具,减少低水平稿件,提高审稿的效率;建设期刊专业领域高水平作者数据库与审稿专家库,培育国际化读者群,作者群,为扩大期刊国际影响创     

本刊编辑部启用“腾云”期刊协同采编系统(知网版)的启事

<正>"腾云"期刊协同采编系统(知网版)由中国知网制作,具有学术文献快速发表、稿件质量辅助评审、建立规范化、国际化的投稿采编系统的功能。可以通过在线采编系统,缩短审稿流程,加快稿件处理速度,实现论文快速发表;建立一稿多投、抄袭等学术不端稿件自动预审机制,提供稿件创新性比较分析工具和成果查新工具,减少低水平稿件,提高审稿的效率;建设期刊专业领域高水平作者数据库与审稿专家库,培育国际化读者群,作者群,为扩大期刊国际影响创     

“十四五”中医药发展规划的扩散与调适——基于25份省级政策文本的分析

目的：分析“十四五”中医药发展规划的外部结构特征、政策扩散规律以及政策工具的使用情况及其不足之处,为提高“十四五”中医药发展规划执行的有效性提供建议。方法：基于政策工具理论和政策扩散理论,构建政策外部特征、政策工具、政策扩散过程三维分析框架对我国25个省份的“十四五”中医药发展规划进行系统全面的分析。结果：分析结果显示,“十四五”中医药发展规划政策发文主体单一,政策领域相对集中;政策工具使用不均,内部结构有待优化;政策扩散过程具有近邻效应和时间聚集效应,而政策的创新性不足是其主要问题。结论：建议政策的优化应加强政策协同强度,强化政策工具的适配性,优化政策扩散机制,不断增强“十四五”中医药发展规划的创新性。     

遥控水下机器人（ROV）结构综述——以hysub130—4000ROV系统为例

本文以HYSUB130—4000ROV系统为例介绍了遥控水下机器人的系统结构原理和功能，具体包括甲板控制台、甲板供电单元、提升系统、脐带缆、ROV本体、机械手及工具等各部分结构特点。     

海域使用管理信息系统的建立

通过分析海域使用管理信息系统的需求与现状，提出了建立海域管理信息系统的方案。根据数据量和共享需求，可建立两种海域管理系统：基于单机的系统和基于网络的系统。对两种系统进行了比较，利用GIS、关系型数据库和编程工具实现了该方案。     

海水液压水下作业工具系统的微生物污染和腐蚀

海水液压水下作业工具直接用海水作为工作介质，具有许多用油作价质所不可比拟的优点。然而，用海水作为工作介质也面临着许多挑战，微生物的污染和腐蚀即是其中之一。本文在分析微生物造成的危害的基础上，对现有的防止办法进行了分析和比较，并提出了防止水下作业工具系统生物污染和腐蚀的措施。     

直流无刷电机驱动的水下电缆绞车系统

水下电缆绞车多采用液压驱动,但液压驱动存在无效动力转换,能源使用率不高,因此直流无刷电机驱动的水下电缆绞车具有实际意义。采用直流无刷电机驱动,不仅提高了水下电缆绞车系统的能源利用率,而且改善了系统的调速性能。与直流有刷电机相比,直流无刷电机可实现充油均压密封,更有利于在水下工作。介绍了直流无刷电机驱动水下电缆绞车的组成、功能及工作原理,针对研制的专用水下直流无刷电机,重点论述了其充油密封原理和工艺,并设计了一种全新的低成本高性能驱动控制电路。该水下电缆绞车系统已初步调试完毕,试验表明各项性能良好,即将投入实际应用。它具有结构简单,工作可靠,成本低的优点,因此在实际工程应用中具有推广意义。     

Numerical modeling of long waves in shallow water using Incremental Differential Quadrature Method

Incremental Differential Quadrature Method (IDQM) as a rapid and accurate method for numerical simulation of Nonlinear Shallow Water (NLSW) waves is employed. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first endeavor to exploit DQM in coastal hydraulics. The one-dimensional NLSW equations and related boundary conditions are discretized in space and temporal directions by DQM rules and the resulting system of equations are used to compute the state variables in the entire computational domain. It was found that the splitting of total simulation time into a number of smaller time increments, could significantly enhance the performance of the proposed method. Furthermore, results of this study show two main advantages for IDQM compared with other conventional methods, namely; unconditional stability and minimal computational effort. Indeed, using IDQM, one can use a few grid points (in spatial or time direction) without imposing any stability condition on the time step to obtain an accurate convergent solution.     

海岸带环境遥感信息的系统集成

利用遥感资料进行海岸带环境动态变化监测具有快速准确的优点。随着高空间分辨遥感技术的发展,遥感技术已成为海岸带资源环境管理中一个重要的信息获取手段。海岸带环境遥感信息系统以遥感数据应用为核心,根据信息产品生产的业务化需求将遥感数据的获取、预处理、专题信息提取、遥感专题图产品制作的整个过程有机地集成为一体,实现了遥感数据处理、遥感信息提取、专题信息综合、专题产品制作等信息产品的业务化生产。海岸带环境遥感信息系统由硬件集成、软件集成、功能集成、数据集成等4方面内容组成,对系统集成的优缺点作了分析和探讨,并展望了其应用前景。     

Hydrodynamic simulation of a floating wave energy converter by a U-tube rig for power take-off testing

Floating oscillating-bodies constitute an important class of offshore wave energy converters. The testing of their power take-off equipment (PTO) (high-pressure hydraulics, linear electrical generator or other) under realistically simulated sea conditions is usually regarded as a major task. A laboratory rig, consisting of a U-tube enclosing an oscillating column of water driven by a time-varying air-pressure, was devised to simulate the hydrodynamics of an oscillating buoy absorbing energy from sea waves, especially the inertia and the resonant frequency of the oscillating body. The PTO force is applied (by means of a piston) on one of the ends of the U-tube oscillating water column, whereas the other end is subject to a controlled time-varying air pressure. This is found to provide a reasonably realistic way of testing the PTO system (including its control) at an adequate scale (say about 1:5 to 1:4), which would avoid the use of a much more expensive experimental facility (very large wave tank) or testing in real wind-generated sea-waves. The matching conditions that the U-tube geometry and the driving time-varying air pressure must meet to ensure an adequate simulation are derived. These conditions leave some freedom to the U-tube rig designer and operator, allowing practical and engineering issues to be taken into account.     

A new method for platform design based on parametric technology

A new method for platform design, named parametric platform design method (PPDM), is presented in this paper in order to improve the mobile platform design efficiency. In this method, an integrated parametric system that fully considers the characteristics of the platform is developed, which significantly optimizes the design process with the top–bottom design concept. In the parametric system, the main geometric dimensions are taken as parameters, while the topology between the structure members, the function requirements and the safety requirements are converted into geometric constraints. By geometric constraint solving (GCS), a set of parameters that satisfy all the given constraints are determined, and then the design scheme is obtained by several core algorithms, such as parametric tank subdivision, 3D stability calculation, parametric structure design, FEM preprocessing, etc. The parametric method greatly increases the changeability and the reusability of the platform model, and concurrent design is well supported. As the model is driven by parameters, PPDM is an excellent method for optimization design. As a result, PPDM has incomparable advantages on the design efficiency over traditional methods.     

Performance of a northwestern Mediterranean bottom trawl fleet: How the integration of landings and VMS data can contribute to the implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management

The European Union has established a framework to achieve or maintain good environmental status in the marine environment by 2020. The Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires the application of the ecosystem approach to the management of human activities, covering all sectors having an impact on the marine environment. However, fisheries in the Mediterranean are far from a systematic implementation of an ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). Aiming to address this issue, this study explores the potential of the relationship between daily yield by vessel (landings and income by species) and vessel position (known via vessel monitoring system) as a tool for fleet management. This approach is possible due to the current dynamics of Mediterranean fleets, with vessels returning daily to the harbour where landings are registered as weight and income by vessel. Moreover, vessels of >15 m total length have been compulsory monitored by VMS since 2005. A bottom trawl fleet that operates in the northwestern Mediterranean was chosen to develop this approach. Different groups of trawlers were identified, which could be linked to the strategies displayed by the fishermen that were mainly driven by the target species dynamics. Accurate knowledge of the fishing targets driving the fleet dynamics and of the fishing strategies at the vessel level (i.e. fishing ground habitat where the fishing pressure is exerted and corresponding landings) are shown to be a feasible tool for fleet management.     

潮汐汊道均衡断面面积计算与稳定性分析中的问题 ——以海南陵水新村为例

通过对潮汐汊道稳定性与均衡断面面积定义的探讨,明确了O Brien等、Kreeke与Bruun对潮汐汊道稳定性定义的差异。通过不同方法求解一维水力学与连续方程,计算了海南陵水新村潮汐汊道的封闭曲线,并采用华南沿海A-P关系得出的均衡流速曲线及Soulsby临界流速曲线,计算了新村潮汐汊道的均衡断面面积,根据O Brien等与Kreeke的稳定性定义对新村潮汐汊道的稳定性进行了判别。结果表明,在大、小潮期用不同方法及不同的断面变化方式得出的稳定均衡断面面积(A2)在同样的均衡流速曲线下基本一致,而小潮期的稳定均衡断面面积要小于大潮期,最大流速处的断面面积(Acc)要大于大潮期。A2、Acc及饱满系数为0.8时对应的断面面积三者之间具有较大的差异。用封闭曲线求取潮汐汊道均衡断面面积并进行稳定性判断,在概念上有一定意义,可以作为潮汐汊道稳定性判断的一个依据,但通过求解一维水力学与连续方程以获取均衡断面面积则具有较大的局限性与不确定性。应通过中长期的野外观测、数值模拟与物理模型,以确定潮汐汊道的水动力特征以及地形演变规律,得出A-P关系进而求出均衡断面面积,并结合Bruun方法判定潮汐汊道的稳定性。     

The role of marine spatial planning in sea use management: The Belgian case

The expansion of offshore activities and the increasing need to meet international and national commitments to biodiversity conservation have led to an enhanced interest in marine spatial planning (MSP) as a tool for sea use management. Several European countries, on their own initiative or driven by European legislation and policy, have taken global leadership in implementing MSP. This article will discuss the Belgian experiences with MSP. It will give a short historical overview based on legal developments and review the implementation process of a ‘Master Plan’ as a spatial management policy for the Belgian Part of the North Sea. Additionally, this article will reflect on the research that has been done in Belgium to apply a land-use planning approach to the marine environment. The MSP process in Belgium shows that a spatial approach to sea use management is possible despite the lack of a legal zoning framework. However, it concludes that a legal basis for MSP, in addition to the current permit system, would provide a more strategic and integrated framework for ecosystem-based, sea use management.