我国海洋渔业地理信息系统发展现状

详细总结了我国海洋渔业地理信息系统的研究与应用现状,远洋渔业地理信息系统主要应用于金枪鱼、鱿钓业和秋刀鱼的资源分布、渔获量与渔场环境关系、渔情预报、渔场图绘制等方面,近海主要用于分析东海渔业资源分布和漂移特征、渔场环境分布、部分种类渔获量分布与环境关系及渔情预报等方面。除渔业资源与渔场领域外,渔业地理信息系统还被应用到渔船跟踪、捕捞违法行为判别、渔业信息发布和水产品查询,以及渔港建设等领域,国内学者在进行渔业地理信息系统技术应用的同时,还注重了其技术的研究及改进。     

基于“互联网+”背景下我国海洋休闲渔业新型业态发展路径探析

海洋休闲渔业对于发展海洋经济与传统渔业转型具有重要意义,但是近年来我国海洋休闲渔业产业发展遭遇瓶颈,传统业态急需转型,海洋休闲渔业新型业态作为海洋休闲渔业产业的存在形式,为海洋休闲渔业产业的研究开启了新的研究领域。文章通过文献梳理对海洋休闲渔业新型业态进行概念界定;在微笑曲线理论的支撑下,提出海洋休闲渔业新型业态发展路径应趋向于高附加值的品牌与服务;并基于互联网平台的集聚传播功能以及即时、互动、便捷等特性,提出"互联网+休闲渔业新型业态"可以实现品牌经济与完善服务体系。     

渔业电子海图手持终端的设计与实现

地理空间信息科学和技术是海洋渔业信息化研究与应用的重要领域之一。移动地理信息系统技术的发展为海洋渔业信息化建设提供了基础支持,促进了海洋渔业综合信息的互联互通和信息服务模式的转变。基于智能移动设备和Mobile GIS技术,提出了应用ArcGIS API for Android开发组件和Java编程语言设计渔业电子海图手持终端的技术方案,并介绍了实现的Web浏览器、渔业模式和导航模式等主要功能。     

基于文献计量学的灰色系统理论在渔业科学中的应用研究进展

灰色系统理论是由我国学者首创的新型学科,在社会科学与自然科学的各个领域已得到广泛的应用。基于中国知网(CNKI)数据库文献检索到的136篇文献,运用文献计量学的方法,对灰色系统理论在渔业科学中的应用研究进行了系统地整理与分析,对未来的发展趋势与存在的问题进行了讨论。分析结果显示,1988年首次在渔业科学领域采用灰色系统理论研究,其成果和应用得到较为快速的发展。在研究内容上,渔业产业结构调整、渔业水域环境评价、产量预测等研究已较为成熟;在研究方法上,灰色关联法、灰色聚类分析、GM(1,1)模型预测等应用较为广泛。建议以后拓展渔情预报等方面的研究,深入探讨灰色理论原理,优化预测模型,最终开发出应用于渔业科学领域的灰色系统软件。     

海域使用格局卫星遥感监测与评价——以葫芦岛试验区为例

研究了海域使用类型遥感监测的分类系统,探索建立了各类海域使用类型的卫星遥感监测方法。在此基础上,以葫芦岛试验区为例,对该验区海域使用格局进行了卫星遥感监测与评价。结果表明:卫星遥感技术结合地理信息系统技术与全球定位系统技术可以较好地对海域使用空间格局进行监测和评价。葫芦岛试验区海域使用类型以工矿业用海和渔业用海为主,工矿业用海以大斑块的集中用海为主要特征,而渔业用海则以小斑块的分散用海为主。在海域使用空间格局上,葫芦岛区块海域以工矿业用海为主,兴城区块海域以工矿业和渔业用海为主,绥中区块海域则是以渔业用海为主,葫芦岛试验区海域使用空间格局具有明显的空间分异特征。     

我国近10年苗族医药研究的文献分析

目的：分析2007—2016年我国苗族医药的研究现状及发展趋势，为苗族医药的进一步研究提供参考。方法：采用文献分析的方法，检索中国学术期刊全文数据库（CNKI），辅以手工检索，对2007—2016年所检索文献的年度分布、作者分布、期刊分布、研究类型等指标进行计量学分析。结果：共检索出相关文献213篇，符合要求的共101篇，以2012年数量最多，文献数量呈波动式发展。论文主要来源于湘黔等苗族比较集中地区，且以高等医学院校为主，发表期刊以民族类医学期刊为主，研究热点倾向于理论研究和苗医药开发及保护等方面。结论：目前我国苗族医药研究人员相对较少，没有形成更多的核心作者群，研究机构相对局限，苗医基础理论研究偏少，亟需进一步加大研究力度和技术资金投入。     

我国海洋档案工作研究初探

运用文献计量分析方法,对超星发现系统检索到的截至目前我国海洋档案研究领域的图书、学位论文、会议论文、期刊论文进行了统计分析和研究,发现我国海洋档案领域研究文献少、研究水平偏低的现状。根据对检索结果的分析,总结了海洋档案研究中存在的问题,并提出了对策。     

广东省海洋与渔业信息化建设研究

从"十一五"广东省海洋与渔业信息化建设的进展和存在的问题出发,提出"十二五"期间海洋与渔业信息化建设的指导思想、基本原则、发展目标,研究建立和完善数据中心、系统互联平台、办公自动化系统、无线网络、公众网站、政务内网等重点工程,提出广东省海洋与渔业信息化建设的保障措施。     

近十年渔业发展研究——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

为了推进渔业可持续发展,在系统梳理近十年内我国学者对渔业发展研究成果基础上,厘清其主题、热点以及趋势等相关问题。以“渔业发展”为关键词,在中国知识资源总库(CNKI)中收集2010—2020年间的文献作为数据样本,采用CiteSpace软件进行作者、机构合作和关键词共现等分析。结果表明：(1)形成4个主要的作者研究团队,(2)形成9个中高产机构;(3)研究主题聚焦在渔业、休闲渔业、海洋渔业、对策、现代渔业、水产品、渔业资源、水产养殖、渔业生产等方面。针对现有成果中关于渔业结构调整和新型渔村建设存在的不足,提出大力发展远洋渔业、借鉴日本“6次产业化”的经验和建设共享渔村等建议。     

基于文献计量分析法的近三十年我国海权问题研究评述

维护和发展海权是加快建设海洋强国的关键.为系统梳理我国海权研究现状并探索其未来研究趋势,从CNKI检索1990-2020年篇名为"海权"、"海洋权益"且被引频次大于1的501篇期刊为数据源,运用计量软件BibExcel对其增长趋势、作者、机构、关键词进行分析.分析结果显示:研究文献前期增长迅速,目前呈平稳发展状态;活跃...     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...