南海中沙天然气水合物资源远景区海底沉积物的物理力学性质研究

根据南海中沙天然气水合物远景区沉积物样品的分析资料,从物理力学特征各方面对本区海底沉积物进行了综合工程地质特征研究。结果表明,本区海底沉积物类型全部为淤泥,工程地质性质相近,以高含水率、高孔隙比、低密度及高塑性为主要特征,抗剪强度很小,压缩系数均大于0.5。土体沉积环境为水动力强度较弱的深海半深海环境。     

渤海湾北部表层沉积物的物理力学性质

利用在渤海湾北部取得的大量海底表层样、原状箱式样和柱状岩心样品,通过现场十字板剪切试验和室内土工试验得出研究区海底表层土的各项物理力学性质和抗剪强度指标.研究表明,研究区的表层沉积物主要有砂-粉砂-黏土、黏土质粉砂、粉砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂、砂及砾砂7种.根据表层沉积物的不排水抗剪强度,发现研究区中部表层土的抗剪强度明...     

海底表层沉积物力学特性分析测量系统设计与实现

针对海底水雷埋设、监听器布设、观测网建设及海底作业等任务对海底沉积物力学特性参数的需求,结合现有科考船的实际装备要求,通过对剪切强度和贯入阻力参数测量技术的研究,设计研制了船载海底表层沉积物力学特性分析测量系统,实现了海底表层沉积物剪切强度和贯入阻力特性参数现场分析测量,解决了因样品多次移动或长期保存致使力学特性变化而导致测试结果失真的问题。详细论述了海底表层沉积物力学特性分析测量系统的组成、方案设计及功能。     

浙闽近岸与南黄海中部沉积物物理力学性质的差异性分析

本文对浙闽近岸和南黄海中部泥质区沉积物的物理力学性质,分别从基本物理性质、水理性质及力学性质进行对比分析,发现两个区域沉积物均以淤泥为主,含水率与密度、压缩系数与压缩模量均呈良好的幂函数负相关性,液限与塑限呈良好的幂函数正相关性,含水率与孔隙比呈较好的线性正相关,十字板剪切强度与微型贯入阻力呈较好的多项式函数关系。总体来说,南黄海中部泥质区沉积物相对于浙闽近岸泥质区沉积物具有含水率高、孔隙比大、密度小、塑性高,压缩性大,抗剪强度低等特征。从地形特征、物质来源、水动力条件、沉积速率和物质组成等方面进行两个区域沉积物物理力学性质差异性的成因分析。结果显示,与浙闽近岸相比,南黄海中部离陆较远、地势低洼、水动力条件较弱,能够扩散至此的物质较少并以极细的粘粒物质为主,沉积物中的蒙脱石和有机质含量高。这些因素使得南黄海中部沉积物的含水率高,塑性大,密度低,强度低。     

南黄海中部海底沉积物剪切波速度测量及其与物理力学性质参数的关系

采用弯曲元剪切波测试方法对在南黄海中部采集到的沉积物样品进行了剪切波速度测试,基于所获得的剪切波速度数据,分析了研究区沉积物剪切波速度特性及分布规律。分析表明,沉积物剪切波速度为12.05~74.55m/s,总体相对较低。浅表层沉积物剪切波速度呈现出分区域分布特征,可分为东北部低速区、西南部高速区、北西-南东向梯度带以及测区东南部的低速背景上的串珠状高速异常区四个区域。通过回归分析,建立了剪切波速度与密度、含水率、孔隙比、孔隙度、液限、塑限、压缩系数、抗剪强度等沉积物物理力学参数之间相互关系的经验回归公式。回归分析结果表明,海底沉积物剪切波速度与上述物理力学参数之间均具有较好的相关性,相关系数R均大于0.80。     

南黄海中部沉积物物理性质与压缩波速相关性分析

根据南黄海中部海底沉积物柱状样的实验室土工试验测试结果,分析沉积物的物理特征,并通过实验室方法获得沉积物压缩波速,探讨物理参数与压缩波速的相关关系,得到经验公式。结果表明:该区域沉积物以淤泥和淤泥质黏土为主,具有含水率高、孔隙比大、塑限高等特征;物理参数与压缩波速之间有较好的相关关系,密度、孔隙比、含水率、塑限、液限及塑性指数与压缩波速的相关性最明显,其中,密度与压缩波速成正比相关关系,而孔隙比、含水率、塑限、液限和塑性指数与压缩波速成反比相关关系;以沉积物天然密度和塑性指数为自变量的双变量回归分析方程能更好地表达沉积物物理特性与压缩波速的相关关系。     

南海西部海盆深海沉积物物理性质初探

针对从中国南海西部某海域2 000多米水深水域采集的柱状样和表层样进行初步分析,探究该区域海底沉积物的基本物理性质,获得天然含水率、天然密度、比重、孔隙比、液塑限、粒度特征等指标。结果表明:南海西部深海沉积物类型均为黏土,相比于近海沉积物,具有高含水率、低密度、高孔隙比、高液塑限和高黏粒含量等特点;不同站位沉积物物理性质略有差异,柱状样物理性质随沉积深度不同稍有波动;沉积物的天然含水率远大于液限,属于一种高敏感度黏性土,且其高塑性指数的特征与黏粒含量较高有关。该研究获得的南海深水域土样基本物理性质为今后对该海域沉积物研究及进行相关海洋工程建设提供重要的参考数据。     

南黄海油气资源区海底沉积物的工程地质特征

根据HY126-04项目1998年9月的航次调查及随后的沉积物样品的实验室分析资料，从物理性质和力学特征各方面对南黄海海底沉积物进行了综合工程地质特征研究，发现本区沉积物结构、剪切特征、含水量和液盖子发随深度的变化而变化；本区样品主要为粒径较细的软沉积物，具有高含水量、中-高塑限、高压缩性和抗剪切强度小的物理力学特性，并对样品的物理性质和力学特征二者关系进行回归分析，得出回归方程。     

生物活动对黄河口潮滩表层沉积物扰动作用的研究

以螃蟹扰动作用下黄河口刁口地区潮滩表层沉积物为例,对沉积物的物理力学性质及其运移进行了试验研究,结果表明:螃蟹扰动作用使表层20 cm以内沉积物的含水率明显增加,渗透性略有提高,表层30 cm以内土体贯入强度降低,下层土体贯入强度增高;螃蟹每日掘出的细粒物质达502.08 g/m2(干重),远大于螃蟹洞穴在涨落潮过程中所捕获的细颗粒物质,并使潮滩表层沉积物细化。从螃蟹扰动对沉积物组成、性质和运移产生的作用,可以得出生物活动对黄河口潮滩的稳定性具有一定的影响。     

深海沉积物抗剪强度影响因素及其变化规律

深海沉积物土工力学特性是研发深海海底作业装备的依据。利用现有的深海土工力学原位测量数据和取样分析的成果,采用回归分析方法,得到了沉积物物化组成等参数与抗剪强度的相关关系。研究表明:深海沉积物以粉质土、有机黏土为主,具有高含水率、大孔隙比、低密度等特征;随着埋藏深度的增加,深海沉积物的含水率和孔隙比逐渐减少,湿密度与抗剪强度则呈增大趋势;物理参数与抗剪强度之间有较好的相关关系,含水率、密度及孔隙比与抗剪强度的相关性明显,其中,密度与抗剪强度成正比,而含水率、孔隙比与抗剪强度成反比;以含水率、密度和孔隙比为自变量的多变量回归分析方程能更好地表达沉积物物理特性与抗剪强度的相关关系。     

Parameter studies of sediments in the Storegga Slide region

Based on classification tests, oedometer tests, fall-cone tests and triaxial tests, physical and mechanical properties of sediments in the Storegga Slide region were analysed to assess parameter interrelationships. The data show good relationships between a number of physical and mechanical parameters. Goodness of fit between compression index and various physical parameters can be improved by multiple regression analysis. The interclay void ratio and liquidity index correlate well with the undrained shear strength of clay. Sediments with higher water content, liquid limit, activity, interclay void ratio, plasticity index and liquidity index showed higher compression index and/or lower undrained shear strength. Some relationships between parameters were tested by using data from two other sites south of the Storegga Slide. A better understanding of properties of sediments in regions such as that of the Storegga Slide can be obtained through this approach.     

Geotechnical characteristics of mississippi delta sediments,southeast Louisiana

An investigation of the geotechnical properties of sediments from 57 boreholes drilled in West Delta and South Pass OSC Lease Areas, offshore Louisiana, indicated that sediment texture, shear strength, water content, and liquid limit vary significantly laterally and with depth. Samples are predominantly soft, fine‐grained sediments with high water content and medium to high plasticity. Firm, coarser‐grained sediments were obtained near the shoreline in South Pass OCS Lease Area and in the northern and eastern parts of West Delta OCS Lease Area. Trends in the distribution of geotechnical properties appear to be influenced by sediment texture and rate of sedimentation.     

Geotechnical characteristics of deep-sea sediments from the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans

Geotechnical properties from a series of deep-sea sites in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans are examined to evaluate overall trends and to compare with similar fine-grained soils found on land. The study areas encompass a range of sedimentary environments dominated by combinations of turbidite and pelagic deposits. Carbonate content in excess of 20% is seen to result in a decrease in liquid limit and compressibility. Vertical profiles of geotechnical properties in the North Pacific show broader changes in down-core geotechnical properties compared to the North Atlantic and reflect the effects of long-term climatic changes and seafloor spreading. Sediments in the North Atlantic indicate significant differences depending on location, which is attributed to variability in turbidite deposition, water depth, distance from sediment sources, and the effects of bottom currents. Compared to equivalent fine-grained soils on land, deep-sea sediments are generally softer, more compressible and have higher friction angles at comparable Atterberg limits. Deeper and older sediments in the North Pacific are characterized by unusually large plastic limits, which are attributed to the presence of volcanic fractions. Empirical relationships for compression index and friction angle are discussed for sediments from both oceans.     

舟山—岱山间西部海域第四纪海底沉积物物理力学指标统计分析

根据工程地质钻探资料,对舟山—岱山岛间西部海域第四纪沉积物的物理力学指标进行统计分析,发现本海区第四纪海底土具有含水量高、孔隙比大、高压缩性、抗剪强度低等特征.统计表明,物理指标之间、力学指标和物理指标之间因参数的不同,相关性和变异性具有明显的不同,且随着地层深度的变化,物理力学指标的变异系数变化较明显.物理指标和力学...     

Geotechnical Properties of Surface Sediments in the INDEX Area

As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0-10 cm) have a shear strength of 0-1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312-577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm 3 . Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer.     

Geotechnical Properties of Surface Sediments in the INDEX Area

Abstract

As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0–10 cm) have a shear strength of 0–1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312–577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm³. Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer.     

海底沉积物实验室剪切波速度及其与沉积物的物理性质之间的关系

采用压电陶瓷弯曲元法和共振柱试验的方法对采自我国海域的一些典型海底浅表层沉积物样品进行了剪切波速测试,获得首批可信数据.两种方法所测得的剪切波速数据具有很好的一致性,且在数赫兹至数十千赫兹频段范围内剪切波速不具明显弥散性.剪切波速与沉积物类型关系密切,不同海区和不同类型海底沉积物的剪切波速有明显差异.近海较细颗粒沉积物粉砂的剪切波速在100m/s左右,细颗粒沉积物的剪切波速在100m/s以下;陆架较粗颗粒沉积物的剪切波速最大,超过100m/s;深海、半深海细颗粒沉积物的剪切波速最低,小于50m/s.剪切波速与含水量、密度、孔隙度、塑限和液限等沉积物物理参数之间具很好的相关性,反映了剪切波速和物理性质之间的密切关系.剪切波速与压缩波速呈正相关性,但在不同的波速范围剪切波速随压缩波速的变化有很大不同.     

A note on the relationships between organic matter and some geotechnical properties of a marine sediment

Abstract

An analysis of the relationship between organic matter and liquid and plastic limits, and grain‐specific gravity of a marine sediment was accomplished by making a stepwise adjustment in the organic content of that sediment. The sample used was from Santa Barbara Basin (off southern California) and is typical of fine‐grained marine sediments: it is a clayey silt with a common suite of minerals and other constituents. During the experiment, texture and composition (except organic content) were constant; only the quantity of natural, indigenous organic matter was changed.

A strong linear relationship exists between the independent variable, the amount of organic carbon present in the sample, and the dependent variables. Liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index all increased with increasing organic content over the range studied (0.57–3.20% organic carbon). Grain‐specific gravity decreased. All had linear correlation coefficients (r) greater than |0.90| and r ² values greater than 90%, except the plasticity index (83%).

Comparing the results of regression analyses from this and several similar studies shows that although there is good qualitative agreement, there are quantitative inconsistencies. In particular there is considerable overall variability in the regression coefficients. Among studies on marine sediments the inconsistencies are less pronounced, yet still evident. The increase in liquid limit as organic carbon increased by 1 % sediment dry weight ranged from 9 to 28% water content; in the plastic limit the range was from 4 to 18%. However, in these marine studies regression coefficients are relatively close in value in some cases, levels of significance of the regressions are high in most cases, and in all cases the relationships appear to be linear over the range of organic carbon percentage studied. Finally, we believe that a relatively clear relationship between plasticity and organic carbon begins to emerge when the latter exceeds a value of 2%.