用科学发展观改善气象事业的发展环境

本文根据落实科学发展观的要求及行政生态原理,探讨如何从事业规划、工作创新、根本目的和统筹发展环境四个方面提出改善气象部门发展环境的途径。     

气象部门依法行政刍议

阐述了气象部门依法行政的内涵与意义，讨论了气象部门依法行政的现实价值，提出了气象部门依法行政亟待解决的问题与对策。特别是就解决气象行政管理体制上的弊端问题；解决气象行政实施机制上失灵的问题；解决气象行政自由裁量权的运作及其监督问题等三方面，提出笔者的一些思考。     

关于气象行政许可和行政执法工作的思考

气象行政许可和行政执法是气象部门履行行政管理职能工作的重要手段和途径,是气象法制建设的重要内容。为适应气象行政执法工作不断发展的新形势,要使气象法制建设取得不断的进步,必须要建立健全组织机构,强化气象行政执法队伍建设,建立规范的管理制度,依法行政。     

加大基层气象行政执法力度管见

从基层气象部门执法中存在的执法人员信心不足而敢依法行政、执法尺度掌握不准，难以适应当地执法环境等实际问题出发，结合武穴市气象局近两年来的气象执法情况，指出了基层气象部门加大行政执法力度应从营造良好的气象执法环境、加强气象执法队伍素质培训、积累执法实践经验等方面抓起。     

加强气象依法行政促进气象事业发展

随着“依法治国”方略在气象部门的贯彻，作为气象行政执法主体机关，气象部门应如何搞好依法行政，保证气象事业快速有序发展，从而更好地为经济社会服务，本文从目前气象依法行政工作中面临的主要问题出发，结合市(地)气象部门的实际情况，提出了今后气象依法行政要做好的五方面工作。     

气象部门监察工作现状及对策

随着气象事业的发展和国家政策法规的调整，气象部门监察工作特别是基层监察工作面临一些自身无法解法的问题。这势必影响气象部门监察工作的全面开展和监察职能作用的有效发挥，不利于维护国家利益和气象部门形象。因此，为了适应事业发展的需要，更好地为气象事业持续、快速、健康发展保驾护航，气象部门监察工作也需与时俱进，进一步加强内部监察工作的法规建设，扩大监察对象范围，补充有关监察处分权限的规定，确保整个气象系统政令畅通，为维护行政纪律，促进廉政建设，改善行政管理，提高工作效能发挥应有的作用。     

浅谈地县级气象系统聘用合同制改革

为了适应我国建立社会主义市场经济体制，中国气象局提出了气象事业结构战略性调整，从目前基本气象系统、气象科技服务和综合经营的“三大块”事业结构，逐步过渡到依法行政的气象行政管理体系、精干高效的基本业务体系、以气象信息产业为主体的气象科技服务与产业体系“三大部分”的事业结构。为了实现这个调整，就必须按照国家对事业单位改革的总体要求，加快推行以聘用制为主体的人事等制度的改革。１存在的问题１９９９年，昌吉州气象系统按照中国气象局《省和省以下气象部门基本气象系统岗位设置意见》和《省和省以下气象部门基本气象…     

气象行政执法实践中的问题及对策

气象行政执法工作是气象部门履行行政管理职能的重要途径,是气象法制建设的重要内容。经过十余年实践,气象行政执法工作取得了良好的进展,但仍存在着诸多问题,如个别单位执法治标多治本少,执法人员业务素质不够全面,执法不严,执法行为不规范等。要使气象行政执法工作不断适应新的形势和任务,并取得更大的进步,应致力于强化执法队伍建设,营造良好的气象执法环境,健全适应气象行政执法规律特点的监督机制,加强执法经验交流等。     

加强气象法制工作促进气象事业发展

山西省气象部门在局党组的领导下，认真贯彻实施《气象法》、《山西省气象条例》。全面推行依法行政，深入开展行政执法，有效地保证了气象事业健康，快速发展。山西省各级气象部门通过健全组织机构，加强制度建设，开展法制宣传，加强发展队伍建设，强化行政执法，协助地方人大开展执法大检查等方式和手段，全面推进气象法制工作，取得了一些宝贵的经验，为全面贯彻“依法兴气象”战略打下了基础。     

如何搞好气象行政执法

气象部门担负着《中华人民共和国气象法》、《人工影响天气管理条例》、《施放气球管理办法》、《通用航空飞行管制条例》、《河南省气象条例》、《河南省防雷减灾实施办法》等一系列重要法律法规的执法任务,因此必须造就一支能够依法行政、统一规范、纪律严明的合格的气象行政     

要重视指示性云的观测及编码

以一些易被忽略、简化的指示性云状及编码为依据，论述云天演变，对于观测、记录及编码具有重要意义。     

要重视指示性云的观测及编码

以一些易被忽略、简化的指示性云状及编码为依据,论述云天演变,对于观测、记录及编码具有重要意义。     

对百色工业立市气象信息服务的探讨

就百色工业立市的情况作简要概叙,并在工业立市进程中,除了决策和公益气象服务以外,气象信息服务的市场前景、营销人员队伍、服务中应注意的事项及气象信息服务的可能服务对象和内容作了较为详细的探讨。     

综合布线系统在气象核心网络升级中的应用

综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备,各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上,统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。     

综合布线系统在气象核心网络升级中的应用

综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备，各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上，统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。     

The Impact Of Air-Flow Separation On The Drag Of The Sea Surface

An approach that allows assessment ofthe impact of air-flow separation (AFS) fromwave breaking fronts on the sea-surface drag is presented. Wave breaking fronts are modelled by the discontinuities of the sea-surface slope. It is assumedthat the dynamics of the AFS from wave breaking crests is similar to thatfrom the backward facing step. The form drag supported by an individualbreaker is described by the action of the pressure drop distributed alongthe forward face of the breaking front. The total stress due to the AFS isobtained as a sum of contributions from breaking fronts of different scales.Outside the breaking fronts the drag of the sea surface is supported by theviscous surface stress and the wave-induced stress. To calculate the stressdue to the AFS and the wave-induced stress a physical model of the wind-wavespectrum is used. Together with the model of the air flow described in termsof surface stresses it forms a self-consistent dynamical system for the seasurface-atmosphere where the air flow and wind waves are strongly coupled.Model calculations of the drag coefficient agree with measurements. It is shownthat the dimensionless Charnock parameter (roughness length normalized onthe square of the friction velocity and the acceleration of gravity)increases with the increase of the wind speed in agreement with fieldmeasurements. The stress due to the AFS normalized on the square of thefriction velocity is proportional to the cube of wind speed. At low windsthe viscous surface stress dominates the drag. The role of the form drag,which is the sum of the stress due to the AFS and the wave-induced stress, isnegligible. At moderate and high winds the form drag dominates. At windspeeds higher than 10 m s^-1 the stress supported by the AFS becomescomparable to the wave-induced stress and supports up to 50% of the totalstress.     

黑潮OLR距平指数与华南西部主汛期降水的关系

OLR距平场与华南西部主汛期降水的相关分析场显示,在黑潮区域有强烈的高相关信号反映。黑潮区OLR距平指数与华南主汛期降水的遥相关分析显示,前期黑潮区OLR距平指数的异常,可以成为预测主汛期降水有一定指示意义的前兆信号。并在此基础上建立主成分降维分析方法,对1989~2000年主汛期降水作预测及回代检验,检验结果准确率达75%,说明用黑潮区OLR距平指数作为预报因子可以取得良好的预报成绩。     

The Role Of Halocarbons In The Climate Change Of The Troposphere And Stratosphere

Releases of halocarbons into the atmosphere over the last 50 years are among the factors that have contributed to changes in the Earth’s climate since pre-industrial times. Their individual and collective potential to contribute directly to surface climate change is usually gauged through calculation of their radiative efficiency, radiative forcing, and/or Global Warming Potential (GWP). For those halocarbons that contain chlorine and bromine, indirect effects on temperature via ozone layer depletion represent another way in which these gases affect climate. Further, halocarbons can also affect the temperature in the stratosphere. In this paper, we use a narrow-band radiative transfer model together with a range of climate models to examine the role of these gases on atmospheric temperatures in the stratosphere and troposphere. We evaluate in detail the halocarbon contributions to temperature changes at the tropical tropopause, and find that they have contributed a significant warming of ~0.4 K over the last 50 years, dominating the effect of the other well-mixed greenhouse gases at these levels. The fact that observed tropical temperatures have not warmed strongly suggests that other mechanisms may be countering this effect. In a climate model this warming of the tropopause layer is found to lead to a 6% smaller climate sensitivity for halocarbons on a globally averaged basis, compared to that for carbon dioxide changes. Using recent observations together with scenarios we also assess their past and predicted future direct and indirect roles on the evolution of surface temperature. We find that the indirect effect of stratospheric ozone depletion could have offset up to approximately half of the predicted past increases in surface temperature that would otherwise have occurred as a result of the direct effect of halocarbons. However, as ozone will likely recover in the next few decades, a slightly faster rate of warming should be expected from the net effect of halocarbons, and we find that together halocarbons could bring forward next century’s expected warming by ~20 years if future emissions projections are realized. In both the troposphere and stratosphere CFC-12 contributes most to the past temperature changes and the emissions projection considered suggest that HFC-134a could contribute most of the warming over the coming century.     

On The Influence Of The Eulerian Velocity PDF Closure On The Eddy Diffusion Coefficient

The flux-gradient model, often used to describe turbulent dispersion, implicitly defines an eddy diffusion coefficient K that is known to be related to the Eulerian probability density function (pdf) of the turbulent velocity field. In the strict limit of applicability of Fick's law, the relationship between K and the pdf is used to investigate the influence of non-Gaussianity on dispersion in homogeneous turbulence. A bi-Gaussian pdf is used as a closure model that allows for separate studies of skewness and kurtosis variations. The choice of model parameters can have a significant influence on K, especially when the pdf is bimodal. Both arbitrariness of the closure and bimodality are then reduced using the maximum entropy criterion for the selection of the free parameter of the closure scheme, together with the assumption that the model is valid only for those values of the parameters for which a unimodal pdf is possible. The variations of K are found to be sensitive to both skewness and kurtosis showing a more complex behaviour than that found in literature.     

对夜间云观测的体会

介绍夜间进行云观测的工作程序,对云的特征进行分析,提出了观测云的注意事项。