四川省第三次农业气候区划简介

通过对第三次农业气候区划与第一次、第二次农业气候区划的变化特点的介绍,以及第三次农业气候区划主要技术方法的介绍,阐明了四川省第三次农业气候区划成果的应用,对于四川省的农业气候区划工作的进一步开展有一定的参考作用.     

四川省第三次农业气候区划简介

通过对第三次农业气候区划与第一次、第二次农业气候区划的变化特点的介绍，以及第三次农业气候区划主要技术方法的介绍，阐明了四川省第三次农业气候区划成果的应用，对于四川省的农业气候区划工作的进一步开展有一定的参考作用。     

农业气候区划成果演示系统制作方法简介

1　引言农业气候区划成果演示系统是面向用户的全面展示全国第三次农业气候区划试点所完成的农业气候区划信息系统结构、功能及区划产品和区划成果的一个子系统。考虑到农业气候区划信息系统 7个试点省 (市 )系统界面及演示内容的统一和今后向全国的推广应用 ,本系统在遵守一定的共同规范前提下 ,兼顾到具体省 (市、区 )和具体任务的需要及考虑本次农业气候区划的特点 ,采用北大三秦公司ＣＩＴＹＳＴＡＲ地理信息系统软件 (Ｃｓ ｍａｋｅｒ模块 )进行制作。2　系统特点农业气候区划成果演示系统是一个专业的演播系统 ,具有很强的实用性和兼…     

三明市第3次农业气候区划概况

以地理信息系统为基础的三明市第 3次农业气候区划 ,主要有粮食作物、经济作物、果树、林木、竹类、食用菌、蔬菜和茶叶等 8类 2 7项的专题农业气候区划 ,包括确定指标、建立模式、以ARC/INFO生成区划图、进行分区评述 ,并提出趋利避害措施等过程 ,由于精度的提高 ,使区划结果对三明市的农业生产具有较大的指导作用。     

我国农业气候区划研究工作进展

历史回顾1978年3月在全国科学大会上,党中央提出:“在三、五年内积极进行农林牧副渔资源的综合考察,研究资源合理开发利用和生态系统的保护,研究各业合理区划,为我国社会主义大农业的发展提供科学依据”。为此,中央气象局先后于1979年5月在北京召开了全国农业气候资源和区划科研协调会议,1979年7月在秦皇岛召开了全国农业气候资源和区划工作会议,19180年2—3月间举办了全国农业气候区划经验交流学习班,1980年12月在杭州召开了全国农业气候资源和区划学术讨论会,1981年9月在武汉召开了第二次农业气     

地理信息系统(GIS)与农业结构调整

文中简要介绍了地理信息系统(GIS)的基本概念和现今农业结构战略性调整的具体内涵,介绍了地理信息系统应用于农业气候区划工作的背景和制作专题农业气候区划的步骤,同时对"3S"集成技术进行了简单的综述。     

农业气候调查和区划会议召开

第二次全国气象部门农业气候资源调查和农业气候区划会议于1981年9月12日在武汉市召开,会期7天。出席这次会议的有各省、市、自治区气象局主管科教工作的领导同志、农业气候区划办公室的负责同志、主持农业气候资源调查和区划技术工作的同志和部分地区气象局、县气象站的代表。国家农委区划办,湖北省农委区划办和有关科研部门、高等院校的代表也应邀到会。 会议开始,由中央气象局副局长戈锐同志对两年来全国气象部门的农业气候资源调查和区划工作进行了总结。国家农委区划办张巧铃同志作了发言,肯定了气象部门农业气候资源调查和农业气候区划工作取     

农业气候区划图集查询系统制作方法简介

农业气候区划图集是本次农业气候区划成果的集中展示 ,本系统提供第三次农业气候区划资源图、区划图 (包括专项区划、风险区划 )、成果应用等的查询、演示。考虑到农业气候区划信息系统 7个试点省 (市 )系统界面及演示内容的统一和今后向全国的推广应用 ,本系统在遵守一定的共同规范前提下 ,还要兼顾到具体省 (市、区 )和具体任务的需要。同时还要考虑本次农业气候区划的特点。因此 ,采用北大三秦公司ＣＩＴＹＳＴＡＲ地理信息系统软件 (Ｃｓｍａｋｅｒ模块 )进行制作。1　系统内容①　气候资源 :该模块以图形ＢＭＰ(图集 .ｃｌｙ)形式向用…     

城市之星系统插件制作农业气候区划专题图方法

本文简要介绍应用地理信息系统软件城市之星(Citystar)3.0版二次开发功能,采用C语言编制插件,制作农业气候区划专题图的方法和步骤.     

地理信息系统在广东省农业气候资源分析中的应用

利用地理信息系统和广东省新30年气候资料,制作了“广东省农业气候资源数据层集”,可实现对广东省农业气候资源的综合查询分析,为广东省农业气候区划打下坚实的基础。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.