海雾历史检索数据库的设计和实现

针对我国海雾预报业务及科研需求,收集整理了中国近海最近10年海雾个例数据,开发了海雾个例数据库系统,实现了国家、省、市级预报员和科研人员对海雾个例相关数据的实时调阅和打包下载。系统提供不同检索条件的多功能查询和海雾个例的实时查阅以及历史数据、卫星监测产品等资料的下载功能。为预报员更有效地开展实时预报提供了便捷参考,也为科研人员从事海雾研究提供了详细和全面的观测数据和分析产品支撑。     

广东灾害天气历史个例库系统的设计与实现

介绍基于地理信息系统(GIS),用VC++开发的灾害天气历史个例库系统的开发与应用。系统实现了:1)灾害天气个例相关气象资料的收集整理、分类入库、查询检索。2)在具有GIS功能的平台上快速方便地浏览MICAPS数据、图片格式数据、数据库资料以及NetCDF、GRIB格式数据和转换的二进制数据。3)各级台站可以根据自身业务需求,定制个性化的灾害性天气历史个例库。     

陕西省短时临近智能预报服务系统简介

陕西短时临近智能预报服务系统(简称NIFS短临系统)是一套集实况监测、智能报警、预警发布、人机交互和上下联动为一体的多功能预警业务系统。主要面向省、市、县三级气象部门的一线业务人员,通过与陕西省气象智能网格预报一体化平台、SWAN系统、国家突发事件预警信息发布系统等集约衔接,实现对省、市、县突发气象灾害临近预警服务的及时有效支撑。NIFS短临系统首创性研发了陕西0～2 h分钟降水预报、对流天气分类识别、暴雨客观预警等产品,通过报警信息自动推送、预报指导客观定量、上下在线互动留痕等方式,帮助各级气象台加快改进现有短时临近预报业务流程体系,并为决策部门改进和完善陕西现行短临预报业务制度提供一定帮助。本文介绍NIFS短临系统主要功能及部分关键技术,包括天气实况监测、智能报警、强对流天气预报制作、人机交互订正、预报检验评估、智能管理等系统功能与暴雨预警信号智能报警关键技术,为其他省份气象部门研究开发本地短临业务系统提供参考。     

基于数据库的区域自动站资料Micaps显示技术

在区域自动气象站中心数据库基础上,根据Micaps系统数据管理的方式,结合实际业务需求,用VB语言将区域自动站资料转化为Micaps数据格式文件,从而实现了包括要素填图、等值线绘制功能的区域自动站资料在Micaps系统中显示。系统设计了自动和手动2种运行方式,方便进行实时资料与历史资料调阅分析。通过这项技术能将区域自动站采集到的加密气象观测数据应用到天气预报业务中,为分析和预报中小尺度天气系统提供良好的平台。     

灾害性天气个例库智能分析系统的设计与实现

灾害性天气个例库智能分析系统是由基础数据支持子系统(数据层)、气象数据应用中间件子系统(服务层)和个例库综合分析业务子系统(应用层)3部分组成,综合运用HTML5 Canvas技术、数据库技术、GIS技术、高效可视化渲染技术等实现了气象灾害性天气个例的交互式录入、关键词查询与检索以及相关气象资料智能再分析等功能。文章针对系统的组成架构、个例库设计、功能特点等关键技术进行了重点探讨,并详细介绍个例库录入与查询、WebGIS组件、可视化渲染以及气象资料再分析等功能的设计和实现。系统投入业务运行结果表明,页面响应速度快、兼容浏览器性能佳、人机交互体验好,能够满足高效、智能、灵活的业务需求,在为预报员建立正确的预报思路、提升天气过程分析能力等方面发挥了重要作用。     

西北地区东部重要天气预报业务系统

利用实时资料和数值预报产品,建立以多种数据库为支撑的西北地区东部重要天气预报业务系统。该系统在本地灾害性、关键性和转折性天气的中短期预报方面具有较好的业务实用效果。     

如何做好区县天气预报

从了解责任区域内影响气候的主要因素,熟悉责任区域内天气气候特点,掌握责任区域内预报服务的重点和内容,做好数值预报产品对本地降水、气温预报能力的检验分析和应用,加强历史天气个例的分析总结等方面介绍了区县天气预报一线服务人员制作责任区域内天气预报的一些经验和方法,形成适合本地预报员的工作流程,这些经验和方法为区县预报员制作本地天气预报提供了参考,从而进一步适应区县气象综合业务服务发展需求。     

辽宁内蒙古AMDAR资料统计及个例预报应用

利用2005年1~6月AMDAR资料,根据天气预报业务需求,对辽宁、内蒙古地区具有业务应用意义的逐日数据进行遴选和统计,揭示了资料的时空分布规律,并对2005年5~9月实时接收的AMDAR资料进行了个例预报业务试验,结果表明AMDAR资料在天气预报业务中,尤其是在临近预报中具有参考价值。     

安顺市暴雨个例数据库应用系统的设计与实现

基于省—地—县气象光纤通信网,采用B/S软件体系结构,建立安顺市暴雨个例数据库应用系统,实现安顺市暴雨天气个例档案、各种物理量及历史灾情的显示与查询、统计与输出等功能。系统基于Web方式,所有程序运行在服务器端,用户端不用安装任何程序,各部分功能设计均结合实际需求。自投入业务运行以来,在本地预报业务、气象服务、科研与管理等方面发挥了重要作用,已成为一个实用性较强的业务服务支撑系统,有效提高了灾害性天气保障能力。     

江西省天气预报业务技术体制改革的思路和进展

引言 七五期间,江西省初步建成了STYS系统,完成了以中速通信、实时资料库、图形图像库和局地网络等为基础的省级气象实时业务服务系统,开发了长、中、短期天气预报自动化或半自动化业务系统。以气象卫星资料、天气雷达监测资料和灾害性天气联防为基础的短时天气预报业务得到加强,提高了灾害性天气的监测预报和服务能力。初步改变了单一依靠天气图作预报的状况,我省的天气预报正向以计算机处理为主要手段,以数值预报产品应用为基础,各种信息和方     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Editorial

As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields.