图形模式识别方法及其在中期雪灾天气预报中的应用

文章介绍了一种将计算机图形识别技术与数值预报产品相结合, 预报中期天气过程的图形模式识别方法和模式基元识别过程。 利用 ECM WF 的产品, 建立川西北高原雪灾中期预报模型。 在计算机中模仿预报员的思维步骤, 自动分类推理判别, 滚动预报未来 3～ 5 日内雪灾天气发生日期。 1998 ～ 1999 年雪灾中期预报效果显著。     

非线性判别函数在甘孜州雪灾预报中的应用

一、引言雪灾对畜牧业、国民经济建设带来严重的危害。据有关资料统计,一地雪灾严重,仅牲畜损失可达25％左右。可见做好雪灾的长期预报,是迫切需要的。越来越多的人认为,天气预报的因果关系呈非线性,雪灾的预报更是如此,它的形成多种气象因素影响造成的。为此我们引用非线性判别函数做雪灾预报,实践证明,其效果是令人满意的。     

川西高原牧区雪灾长期预报方法研究

利用阿坝州气象局提供的１９６７－１９９６年各月雪灾资料及５００ｈＰａ环流特征指数资料,经遥相关分析,建立预报因子和预报对象之间的联系和阿坝州雪灾长期预报模式。     

用多组判别法作高原牧区雪灾等级预报

应用阿坝州气象局提供的１９６７－ １９９６ 年各月雪灾档案资料,结合文献［１］选用的长期预报因子,进行多组判别分析,最后得到高原牧区雪灾强度等级预报。     

青海高原牧区雪灾等级预警方法研究

本研究根据层次分析法原理,在分析导致雪灾的因素及其预报的基础上,对雪灾进行等级划分,然后计算导致雪灾的各因子的隶属度和权重,最后通过判断矩阵及矩阵运算的数学方法,得出预警雪灾的等级。     

内蒙古地区雪灾分析

分析内蒙古地区雪灾的形成特点和影响成灾因素,综合归纳大雪、暴雪形成机理、气候特点、天气形势和客观预报方法,以及新技术在雪灾监测和评估中的应用,最后给出雪灾的减灾对策。     

高原牧区雪灾的数值模拟

使用中科院的LASGη模式对1991年4月16-23日的高原牧区雪灾过程进行了降水模拟和成因分析,揭示了造成这次雪灾天气的主要原因,首次证实了该模式对雪灾天气有一定的预报能力.     

2012年1-2月果洛雪灾天气分析

2012年1-2果洛由于持续降雪致使中北部发生雪灾,其中甘德达到了重度雪灾标准。本文利用实况观测资料及各种物理量场对造成此次雪灾的五次天气过程进行了分析和归纳,以期获得一些对果洛冬季降雪有指导意义的预报指标。     

川西北高原雪灾与冷空气活动

初步揭示了影响阿坝牧区造成雪灾的冷空气的源地、移动路径、强度、引导冷空气上高原的有利环流形势。提出了因地形的作用使冷空气在雪灾过程中产生的特征,为监视和预报雪灾天气提供了科学依据。     

川西北高原雪灾与冷空气活动

初步揭示了影响阿坝牧区造成雪灾的冷空气的源地、移动路径、强度、引导冷空气上高原的有利环流形势.提出了因地形的作用使冷空气在雪灾过程中产生的特征,为监视和预报雪灾天气提供了科学依据.     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Addressing the necessity of the registration of the effects of causal mechanics in the example of a simple barotropic model of the atmosphere

Summary Considering the effects of causal mechanics on geophysical problems enables us to explain a number of phenomena, which cannot be explained from conventional positions. This paper shows that the introduction of the force of causality in a simple barotropic hydrodynamic model of weather forecasts results in the outcomes, which, on the one hand, can not be described from the positions of classical hydro-thermodynamics, whilst on the other hand, exist in nature.     

Modeling the evolution of the family of Mediterranean cyclones using the regional model of the atmosphere

Due to the complex orography and the presence of the moisture-saturated air, the Mediterranean region is characterized by the increased baroclinic and convective instability, that leads to the sudden cyclogenesis and the formation of dangerous weather phenomena. The results are given of the investigation of formation mechanisms of Mediterranean cyclones, peculiarities of stages of their evolution and dynamical processes, which occur throughout the atmosphere, using the regional numerical ETA model of the atmosphere by the example of individual cases of the cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean Sea. It is revealed that the cold Arctic air outbreak (the intrusion of the cold Arctic air) to the south of the Western Europe, leading to the formation of the areas of the baroclinic instability and the increased moisture content of the air in the area of the vortex origin, favors the cyclogenesis. The use of the vertical coordinate η in the model enabled to compute more precisely the vertical wind speed, therefore, the influence of the orography on the moisture content and precipitation increase became pronounced. The transformation of the structure of meteorological fields in the course of the development of vortexes is considered. The computation of the helicity is made, and it is shown that this characteristic can be one of the earliest predictors of cyclogenesis.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

On the determination of the height of the Ekman boundary layer

The heighth of the Ekman turbulent boundary layer determined by the momentum flux profile is estimated with the aid of considerations of similarity and an analysis of the dynamic equations. Asymptotic formulae have been obtained showing that, with increasing instability,h increases as ¦¦^1/2 (where is the non-dimensional stratification parameter); with increasing stability, on the other hand,h decreases as ^–1/2. For comparison, a simple estimate of the boundary-layer heighth _u determined by the velocity profile is given. As is shown, in unstable stratification,h _u behaves asymptotically as ¦¦^–1, i.e., in a manner entirely different from that ofh .     

接地降阻剂的PH值的探讨

1引言我国执行接地降阻剂测试的技术标准是全国电力系统起草的:“接地降阻剂暂行技术条件修改稿”。在技术要求中要求接地降阻剂的酸碱值应在7￣12范围内。在实际使用中发现该技术要求对接地降阻剂的酸碱值要求范围并不合理,需要分析和讨论。2接地降阻剂的PH值接地降阻剂的酸碱性对地网的使用寿命至关重要,为了不让接地降阻剂腐蚀接地体或者减弱接地降阻剂对接地体的腐蚀,在接地降阻剂测试的技术要求中,对接地降阻剂的酸碱度有一定的限制。国内各厂家用于生产接地降阻剂的偏弱酸的盐类进行了对镀锌钢材腐蚀的试验,结果是这些镀锌钢材均受到…     

阴山山脉对内蒙古中部地区气象要素影响初探

文章选用阴山山脉山北乌拉特后旗、白云、达茂旗、苏尼特左旗、化德,山南杭后旗、包头、呼和浩特、察右前旗、兴和1971—2000年气温、降水量、天气现象等资料进行对比分析,得到阴山山脉对内蒙古自治区中部地区气象要素影响初步结论。     

2003年黑龙江省主要灾害性天气及其对作物生长发育和粮食产量的影响

利用40年气温、降水资料和历史上千旱、低温严重的年份与2003年进行对比分析．评估黑龙江省2003年发生的严重灾害的分布范同,灾害程度,及其对主要粮食作物生长发育和产量的影响。得出2003年的灾害是30年未遇的全省性严重灾害年,各种灾害对各种作物都产生了不同程度的影响,受害最重的作物是小麦。     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002