武汉市高空测报质量报表软件的研制

为充分调动高空气象探测人员的积极性和发挥其主观能动性,促进业务技术水平不断提高,中国气象局下发了《高空气象探测质量考核办法》,专门对高空气象探测业务人员进行考核。笔者为高空测报月、半年、全年质量考核报表制作,编写了高空测报质量报表软件,它可自动完成各项考核内容的计算处理,并按高空测报质量报表（高表一ZI）格式打印输出统计结果。程序采用FOXBASE”编写,在386或以上档次微机上运行即可。l程序设计流程首先制作单月质量报表,向数据库中输入该月探测的值班情况,再调用核心处理模块对各项考核指标进行计算,然后…     

青海省高空气象探测业务的发展之路

改革开放30年来,青海省高空气象探测业务现代化建设得到了长足的发展。本文通过对青海省高空气象探测业务几个发展阶段的回顾,系统地描述了建国以来我省高空气象探测业务发展的历史及沿革,并通过一些数据和图片介绍了我省高空气象探测业务的发展历程。     

新疆高空气象探测常规业务现状分析与发展研究

从新疆常规高空气象探测站网布局、探测仪器差别等几方面,对目前新疆常规高空气象探测的现状和不足进行了深入的分析,并在此基础上,站在未来新疆气象业务对高空探测需求的高度,研究未来新疆高空气象探测业务的发展趋势,给出了未来常规高空探测发展的几点建议,进而为新疆乃至我国的高空气象事业不断缩短与世界气象强国间的距离提出建设性意见。     

中国气象局高空检查员工作交流会在广东省召开

中国气象局高空气象测报检查员工作交流会于 2 0 0 1年 5月 1 3日至 1 6日在广东省气象科技培训中心海陵岛分中心举行。参加会议的有新一届全国高空气象测报业务检查员、网络司及其高空特种处领导共 1 3人。这次会议的主要内容是 :因高空气象探测计算机升级换型而对现行的《高空气象探测质量考核办法》、《高空气象探测工作制度》以及《“5 9 70 1系列”计算机终端处理系统业务运行流程》进行修改。会议由网络司主持 ,代表们就至今仍在使用的《考核办法》、《工作制度》及《流程》等如何适应新技术新设备的正常运行、如何创造一个良好的工作…     

TC-2型调频式电子探空仪研制

ＴＣ－２型调频式电子探空仪研制ＴＣ－２型调频式电子探空仪的研制是由中国气象局资助的重点科研项目。经多年努力，于１９９７年元月通过了中国气象局设计定型，并按气象技术装备管理程序，正式批准为中国气象局高空探测业务装备统管产品，纳入中国气象局统一供应管理。...     

高空气象探测"59-701微机数据处理系统"问题释疑

高空气象探测数据处理自动化是高空探测的重要内容,通过对高空气象探测"59-701微机数据处理系统"使用问题的释疑,使观测人员更好地使用该系统,提高观测质量.     

L波段探空雷达天馈线分系统常见故障分析

1 引言 高空气象探测是现代气象综合观测体系的重要组成部分,对天气预报、气候变化研究以及气候资源开发至关重要。吉林省延吉探空站L波段高空探测雷达已经投入业务运行两年多,长春、临江站也即将采用L波段探空雷达。L波段高空探测雷达-GTS1型数字式探空仪是新一代探空系统。它具有自动化程度高、体积小、安装方便等特点,可以综合观测地面至30km高空风向、风速、温度、气压、湿度等气象要素,是中国气象局统一布网的新型探空雷达。本文结合延吉探空站L波段雷达出现的故障,阐述了故障原因和排除办法。     

贵州省高空气象探测宣传思路

从贵州省高空气象探测发展史，高空气象知识，其它高空气象探测以及高空气象探测发展的趋势等方面介绍如何进行贵州省高空气象探测宣传。     

业务应用软件漏选高空测风记录最大风层的处理

本文通过实例,介绍了气象台站高空气象探测业务值班时,业务应用软件在处理高空测风记录中,漏选最大风层的原因及进行人工干预处理的方法.     

浅谈控制L波段(1型)高空气象探测系统的探测数据质量

L波段(1型)高空气象探测系统是我国高空气象探测装备的更新换代产品,在2/3左右探空站进行了布设,其探测数据的精确程度,对数值预报等业务的准确率有很大影响.本文就影响L波段(1型)高空气象探测系统所取得数据质量,即探测数据精度的几个因素,对人员素质、高空气象探测环境、仪器设备、规章制度和技术规定等方面进行了阐述,为该系统台站的业务质量控制和管理提供参考.     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Editorial

As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields.