2002年6～7月安阳市连续性高温天气过程分析

利用1970～2000年安阳市高温天气资料和实时资料，分析了安阳市2000年6～7月两次区域性连续高温天气的天气形势、地面要素特征、地形影响及高温天气变化周期，揭示了高温天气的成因，找出了预报着眼点。     

河南省区域性高温天气特征及预报

利用1965～2001年的高温资料,分析了河南省区域性高温的时空、地理分布和连续性高温天气特征及成因,确定了区域性高温的两种天气类型和预报指标.     

2002年6～7月安阳市连续性高温天气过程分析

利用1970～2000年安阳市高温天气资料和实时资料,分析了安阳市2002年6～7月两次区域性连续高温天气的天气形势、地面要素特征、地形影响及高温天气变化周期,揭示了高温天气的成因,找出了预报着眼点.     

山东区域性高温的变化特征及其对增暖的响应

基于区域性高温天气过程等级划分标准，利用逐日最高气温资料，客观识别山东省区域性高温事件，并分析其时空分布和变化特征及其对气候增暖的响应。结果表明：1961—2020年山东省共发生了区域性高温154次，平均每年约2.6次，主要出现在6—7月；西部地区多，山区和沿海地区少；年际和年代际变化明显，发生了减少到增多的趋势变化，20世纪60年代至80年代显著减少，90年代中期之后开始增多，21世纪明显增多，持续时间、影响范围和过程强度明显增加增强。区域性高温对气候增暖响应显著，随着增暖加剧，年最晚出现时间明显推迟，频次也更多，持续时间更长，影响范围更大，强度更强，且更长更强的区域性高温事件也更容易发生。     

2002年河南6次高温天气过程对比分析

从形势场、要素场和数值预报产品等方面,对2002年河南省6次区域性高温天气过程进行对比分析,找出了影响系统的若干特征及河南高温天气过程预报信息。     

2002年河南6次高温天气过程对比分析

从形势场、要素场和数值预报产品等方面,对2002年河南省6次区域性高温天气过程进行对比分析,找出了影响系统的若干特征及河南高温天气过程预报信息.     

鼓实劲 干实事 求实效

1994年我省天气异常，讯期热带风暴接踵而来。区域性暴雨到大暴雨、局部特大暴雨天气频繁发生。造成全省范围严重的洪涝灾害．在6月中下旬和7月中旬至8月初，还出现了历史上罕见的高温时段。面对复杂多变的天气形势，各级气象部门恪尽职守，严密监测天气变化，准确及时做好预报，积极为领导当好参谋，     

2017年我国区域性高温过程特征及异常大气环流成因分析

基于区域性高温过程综合强度指数,利用1961年1月—2017年8月全国2452个气象站的日最高气温和2017年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析2017年我国区域性高温过程的特征,并探讨2017年夏季我国第2次区域性高温事件的形成机理。2017年我国区域性高温过程呈现强度强、日数长、覆盖范围大的特点。在气候变暖的背景下,我国单次区域性高温过程最大影响范围呈极明显扩大趋势。2017年7月上中旬,强大的大陆高压控制我国北方地区,进而造成了这次影响范围广、持续时间长的高温事件。7月下旬,我国广大南方地区处于副热带高压脊的控制下,强大的下沉气流和反气旋环流,使得大气层更加稳定,最终导致高温天气的形成。     

重庆市一次特强区域性高温天气过程诊断

2017年7月16日至8月7日重庆市出现1968年以来最强的一次区域性高温天气过程。利用重庆市34个站点逐日气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料以及国家气候中心副高特征指数资料等,对此次区域性高温过程的环流特征、可能的大气内部扰动机制进行诊断分析。结果表明:对流层低层水汽输送偏弱,中层副热带高压持续偏强、偏西,高层西风带偏弱、偏北,冷空气活动次数少且偏弱以及南亚高压偏强促使副高西进北抬,这种异常的环流形势引发了此次区域性高温天气过程。与历史上较为突出的区域性高温过程相比,此次高温过程期间中高纬度地区对流层中高层环流较为平直,无明显的槽脊发展,低纬热带至中纬度地区位势高度一致性偏高。重庆及周边地区水汽收支仍为水汽输入,但较常年明显偏弱,且散度场上表现为辐散,较常年辐合值明显偏强。可见,重庆地区长时间处于水汽输送偏少、下沉气流偏强的环流形势控制下,从而形成高温少雨天气。     

2010年7月下旬甘肃省持续高温天气成因

利用实时观测资料和物理量诊断对2010年7月26～31日出现的甘肃区域性持续高温天气成因进行了分析。结果表明,对流层上层青藏高压、中层大陆高压、低层高原暖脊、地面热低压是造成这次持续高温天气的主要影响系统。青藏高压季节性北抬与东移,为持续高温天气的发生发展提供了大尺度环流背景条件;青藏高压与大陆高压相互叠加形成深厚的暖性高压系统,由其引起的晴空区辐射增温和下沉绝热增温,是造成持续高温天气的直接原因;高原暖脊和地面热低压发展东移引起的地面气温上升,是造成这次持续高温天气的重要原因;另外,大气湿度小,上层辐合、低层辐散、强反气旋环流并伴有下沉运动的空间动力场结构是这次持续高温天气形成的重要条件。     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Editorial

As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields.