2007年黑龙江省干旱评估分析

1干旱概况本文选择黑河、嫩江、讷河、龙江、海伦、萝北、富锦、绥化、铁力、佳木斯、依兰、桦南、集贤、宝清、哈尔滨、肇源、双城、勃利、密山、五常、穆棱等21个有代表性的市县,这些市县分布在黑龙江省西部、中部、东部,基本可以反映出全     

历数河北的那些气象灾害

河北省地处华北平原东北部,境内冷暖气团活动频繁,自古以来就是一个气象灾害严重的地区。全省范围内,气象灾害的种类多、频次高、范围广。主要灾害有：干旱、大风、沙尘暴、暴雨、洪涝、干热风、冰雹、雷电、连阴雨、高温、大雾、风暴潮、霜冻、暴雪、强寒潮等,以上气象灾害每年均有不同程度的发生。     

欢迎订阅《应用气象学报》

《应用气象学报》是由中国气象科学研究院、国家气象中心、国家卫星气象中心、国家气候中心、国家气象信息中心和中国气象局气象探测中心联合主办的大气科学理论与应用研究的综合性学术期刊。《应用气象学报》将向您提供有关我国大气科学领域内研究和应用成果的最新论文、资料、方法等大量信息,内容包括气象预报、卫星气象、农业气象、海洋气象、航空气象、环境气象、人工影响天气、应用气象、大气探测、遥感技术以及计算机应用技术等学科;还将向您介绍国内外现代科技的新理论与新技术在大气科学中应用的研究论文及信息。主要栏目有论著、短论、综合评述、业务系统、学术论坛、研究简报、书刊评     

欢迎订阅《应用气象学报》

正《应用气象学报》是由中国气象科学研究院、国家气象中心、国家卫星气象中心、国家气候中心、国家气象信息中心和中国气象局气象探测中心联合主办的大气科学理论与应用研究的综合性学术期刊。《应用气象学报》将向您提供有关我国大气科学领域内研究和应用成果的最新论文、资料、方法等大量信息,内容包括气象预报、卫星气象、农业气象、海洋气象、航空气象、环境气象、人工影响天气、应用气象、大气探测、遥感技术以及计算机应用技术等学科;还将向您介绍国内外现代科技的新理论与新技术在大气科学中应用的研究论文及信息。主要栏目有论著、短论、综合评述、业务系统、学术论坛、研究简报、书刊评     

欢迎订阅《应用气象学报》

正《应用气象学报》是由中国气象科学研究院、国家气象中心、国家卫星气象中心、国家气候中心、国家气象信息中心和中国气象局气象探测中心联合主办的大气科学理论与应用研究的综合性学术期刊。《应用气象学报》将向您提供有关我国大气科学领域内研究和应用成果的最新论文、资料、方法等大量信息,内容包括气象预报、卫星气象、农业气象、海洋气象、航空气象、环境气象、人工影响天气、应用气象、大气探测、遥感技术以及计算     

《气象与环境科学》征稿简则

正《气象与环境科学》是由河南省气象局主办,河南省气象学会、郑州大学、河南大学、河南农业大学等单位协办的自然科学学术期刊,发表有关大气科学、应用气象、生态与环境科学等领域的具有创新性和应用性的研究成果和有独到见解的综述性论文。本刊旨在促进大气科学、应用气象及生态与环境科学的繁荣,发挥其在社会发展、经济建设、防灾减灾及人民生活中的作用,为气象、农业、环保、水利、林业、民航等部门及相关高校搭建一个高层次的学术交流平台。欢迎国内外专家、学者,气象及农业、环保、水利、林业、民航等部门专业技术人员,高等院校师生赐稿。     

IPCC关于可选择温室气体排放测量方法的科学专家会议简介

2009年3月18～20日在挪威首都奥斯陆召开了IPCC关于可选择温室气体排放测量方法的科学专家会议。此次会议为邀请专家的封闭式会议。来自挪威、英国、美国、塞拉利昂、意大利、日本、法国、俄罗斯、新西兰、巴西、瑞士、肯尼亚、印度、古巴、德国、马来西亚、荷兰、比利时以及中国共19个国家的20多位专家出席了会议。     

2011年夏季全国干旱状况及其影响与成因

2011年夏季（6～8月）,我国贵州、云南、广西、湖南、江西、湖北、江苏、安徽、山东、河南、甘肃、陕西、宁夏以及内蒙古等省区存在不同程度的旱情,旱区农业、牧业、人畜饮水、江河及湖泊水位、水利发电等受到不同程度的影响。大气环流异常仍是导致各地干旱少雨的主要原因。     

世界级的黄金冰雪旅游带——走进张广才岭

在塞外,有一个以滑雪驰名、赏雪著称的地方叫张广才岭。这个名字也许陌生,但说到滑雪天堂亚布力、雪乡双峰林场、狩猎圣地玉泉鸽子洞,定会唤醒你对塞北雪的记忆,亚布力、乌吉密、帽儿山、横道河子、二龙山、长寿山、威虎山、得莫利、平山、八一等众多滑雪场星罗棋布,龙凤山世界气象组织大气本底站、横道河子东北虎野化驯养基地、北方最大的森林动物园以及凤凰山、松峰山等众多国家森林公园与风景名胜区鳞次栉比,犹如珠镶翠玉、带嵌宝石,遍布其间。     

《欧洲气候影响》2018年12月

这本由欧盟联合研究中心(JRC)发表的报告,选择2018年气候大会召开之际,通过阐述气候变化的影响,表明了欧洲应对气候变化的态度。报告分6章,在第3章阐述影响时,分沿海洪水、河流洪水、干旱、农业、能源、交通、水资源、栖息地消失、林火、劳动生产率、热浪死亡等11个视角展开。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.