共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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本文利用二层模式,分别得到低层大气稳定和不稳定时的大气波动方程表达式,并在特定的斜坡地形上,求出流线扰动的分析解。进一步讨论了不同上游大气条件下,地形造成的流场、温度场和湿度场分布,以及产生地形急流和地形云的判据。 相似文献
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利用中尺度WRF数值模式对2015年7月22日龙岩地区大暴雨过程进行数值试验,从地形对大气垂直运动、高低层水平散度以及水汽条件的影响三方面进行控制性试验与敏感性试验对比,研究了龙岩地区特殊地形对此次大暴雨的影响。结果表明,此次过程的降水分布对龙岩地区地形十分敏感,特殊地形作用能使当地降水产生明显增幅。高地形通过阻挡和摩擦作用使大气在近地面层形成堆积,为中低层大气的垂直上升运动积累能量,这种地形影响可以通过中小尺度的扰动上传到对流层顶高度;地形的作用还有利于中低层大气水平辐合、高层水平辐散作用的加强,并以波列的形式影响周围大气,这种地形对大气水平散度的影响对降水变化具有很好的指示意义;受地形影响,水汽在迎风坡有明显的累积,随着降水系统的移动在高地形区产生强降水。 相似文献
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地形对重力惯性波发展的影响 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
本文研究了具有南北坡的地形对重力惯性波发展的影响。利用WKB方法,建立了含地形作用的重力惯性波能量方程。研究结果表明:在层结稳定的情况下,当扰动“上坡”(沿地形高度的升度方向传播)时,其能量将减少,即扰动将减弱;当扰动“下坡”(沿地形高度的负升度方向传播)时,其能量将增加,即扰动将发展。如层结为不稳定,情形则相反,即扰动“上坡”时将发展,“下坡”时将减弱。此外,文中对波动的稳定性问题也作了一些讨论。 相似文献
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小尺度对流的发展和环境间相互作用的一个近似分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文应用一个近似的模式,分析了大气中小尺度对流发展时和环境(平均运动)间的非线性相互作用。分析结果指出,对流除在不稳定和中性稳定层结条件下可以发展外,在稳定层结条件下也可以得到发展,并且扰动的振幅最后均趋于有限值。同时,由于扰动的发展,大气的平均状态也要发生改变,不论开始时大气的层结如何,最后均趋向于中性,而大气的平均风速最后一般都要减小。 相似文献
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Summary The effects of atmospheric boundary-layer stability on urban heat island-induced circulation are numerically and theoretically
investigated using a nonlinear numerical model (ARPS) and a two-layer linear analytical model. Numerical model simulations
show that as the boundary layer becomes less stable, a downwind updraft cell induced by the urban heat island strengthens.
It is also shown that as the boundary layer becomes less stable, both the height of the maximum updraft velocity and the vertical
extent of the downwind updraft cell increase. Hence, in the daytime with a nearly neutral or less stable boundary layer the
urban heat island-induced circulation can become strong, even though the urban heat island is weak. It is suggested that these
findings can be a mechanism for urban-induced thunderstorms observed in the late afternoon or evening with a nearly neutral
or less stable boundary layer. The boundary-layer stability affects the spatial distribution of scalar concentration through
its influencing urban heat island-induced circulation. Analytical results from a two-layer model with different boundary-layer
stabilities in the lower and upper layers are in general qualitatively consistent with the numerical simulation results, although
the low-level maximum vertical velocity does not change monotonically with lower-layer stability. 相似文献
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基于2007年7月青海祁连站的野外加密探空资料,结合高分辨率的三维边界层模式,模拟研究了青藏高原东北边坡复杂地形条件下,边界层对流引起的干动力过程对该地区地形重力波产生及传播的影响机理。结果表明:在不同的背景场强迫下,高原东北边坡复杂地形上空对流和重力波的空间结构存在较大差异。当背景风向与山体垂直时,随着风速增加,山脊背风坡混合层顶附近大气不稳定能量加强,激发了下游区域较强的重力波信号,此时对流线组织性增强、重力波波列较长,高水汽含量的空气被波峰传输到较高的高度,为对流云发展提供了有利条件;当背景风向与山脊走向平行时,山顶上空对流发展旺盛,山脊背风坡混合层顶大气状态较稳定,激发的地形重力波信号较弱且波列较短,整个混合层顶附近水汽较少,对流云形成条件减弱;当背景大气浮力频率减小时,整个区域上空对流发展更加旺盛但组织性减弱,背风坡下游重力波向上传输的距离减小,信号不显著,混合层顶附近水汽分布均匀且变化幅度较小,有利于层状云发展。 相似文献
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A stability analysis of the coupled ocean–atmosphere is presented which shows that the potential energy (PE) of the upper layer of the ocean is available to generate coupled growing planetary waves. An independent analysis suggests that the growth of these waves would be maintained in the presence of oceanic friction. The growing waves are a consequence of relaxing the rigid lid approximation on the ocean, thus allowing an upward transfer of energy across the sea surface. Using a two and a half layer model consisting of an atmospheric planetary boundary layer, coupled with a two layer ocean comprising an active upper layer and a lower layer in which the velocity perturbation is vanishingly small, it is shown that coupled unstable waves are generated, which extract PE from the main thermocline. The instability analysis is an extension of earlier work [Tellus 44A (1992) 67], which considered the coupled instability of an atmospheric planetary boundary layer coupled with an oceanic mixed layer, in which unstable waves were generated which extract PE from the seasonal thermocline. The unstable wave is an atmospheric divergent barotropic Rossby wave, which is steered by the zonal wind velocity, and has a wavelength of about 6000 km, and propagates eastward at the speed of the deep ocean current. It is argued that this instability, which has a multidecadal growth time constant, may be generated in the Southern Ocean, and that its properties are similar to observations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW). 相似文献
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小尺度地形引起的切变重力波 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在大气边界层中,特别是山区的边界层中,经常可以观测到重力波的活动。例如Bull和Neisser分析了1974年4月至7月的2300时的微气压计记录。他们发现约38%的观测时间里都存在振幅至少为10—20 dPa的重力波活动,其中大多数重力波的振幅为25—70 dPa。由于风速切变和温度层结的不同,重力波引起的垂直位移的大小可能为百米,也可能达到整个夜间边界层厚度的量级。 很多大气活动都可能引起重力波,例如锋面、低空急流、局地风切变、逆温及强对流等等。地形特别是在夜间也是产生重力波的重要来源。当稳定度随高度急剧减少或风速随高度急剧增加时,在山脊的背风坡经常可以发现一系列的波动活动。 相似文献
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Tak Kee Cheung 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1991,57(3):251-274
Events in the stably stratified lower atmospheric boundary layer within the first several hundreds of meters at Barrow, Alaska were recorded from 27 March to 5 April 1990 using an acoustic sounder (sodar), a tethered balloon, radiosondes, and an instrumented meteorological tower. These events include ground-based and low-level inversion layers, gravity waves, breaking waves, and multiple-layer structures. Even though these events are commonly found in a stable boundary layer, it is perhaps surprising to find them in such a slowly changing environment and over a terrain that is essentially devoid of immediate orographic influence.Visiting Scientist at Wave Propagation Laboratory, NOAA/ERL 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80303, U.S.A. 相似文献