日照市区PM10污染物特征及其与气象要素的关系

对2002年1月1日～2002年12月31日日照市环境监测中心提供的PM10（可吸入颗粒物）日平均浓度资料和对应时段的日照市地面气象资料做了深入的分析，揭示了污染物PM10变化特征及其随气象要素的变化规律。同时分析了主要污染物PM10与地面风速、风向间的相关关系，发现日照市大于等于3级的PM10污染日均出现在1-4月，地面风速对污染物PM10浓度有一定影响，当地面风速超过5m／s时，3级及以上污染日很少出现，当地面风速超过6．5m／s时，随着风速的提高，污染物浓度呈下降趋势。污染物浓度呈明显的季节变化，冬、春季节明显高于夏、秋季节。     

沈阳空气质量时空变化

利用2000年3月至2002年4月20日沈阳市区5个大气自动监测子站的SO2、NO2和PM10资料分析了沈阳城市空气污染平均状况、时空分布特点及其与气象条件的关系，得出：（1）沈阳城市空气主要污染物年平均日值温度NO2达国家空气质量要求标准，空气质量状况属于良好范畴，而SO2和PM10超标，属于轻度污染；PM10为沈阳城市首要污染物；（2）沈阳城市空气污染冬季最重，其次是春季，夏季最轻；一天中08时和19时左右污染严重，15时和02时左右污染较轻；（3）近市中心区点（太原街，中街一带）空气污染相对重些，各区点空气污染状况差异冬季更为明显；（4）影响沈阳城市空气污染浓度变化的主要气象因子是温度、风速和风向。     

邯郸市可吸入颗粒物的污染现状及相关气象条件分析

利用邯郸市区4个代表站2006年逐时可吸入颗粒物PM10浓度监测资料和邯郸市观测站地面气象要素的逐时观测资料,分析了邯郸市主要空气污染物--PM10的时空分布特征,结果表明:PM10平均浓度采暖期明显大于非采暖期;日变化规律为上午浓度最高,夜间次之,下午浓度最低,采暖期为双峰双谷型,非采暖期为一峰一谷型;弱风、低温和潮湿的气象条件有利于可吸入颗粒物的积累,增加PM10浓度.     

2007—2011年春季呼和浩特市空气质量特征分析

文章对2007—2011年春季(3—5月)呼和浩特市逐日环境空气主要污染物SO2、NO2和PM10的日平均值进行了分析,得出可吸入颗粒物PM10是呼和浩特市近5a春季环境空气出现Ⅲ级(轻微污染)以上污染天气的唯一的首要污染物;在此基础上,对发生在2011年春季(3—5月)内蒙古中西部沙尘天气下,呼和浩特市同期首要空气污染物的变化做了分析,以期对今后呼和浩特市空气质量预报能提供一些参考。     

日照市区PM10污染物特征及其与气象要素的关系

对2002年1月1日-2002年12月31日日照市环境监测中心提供的PM₁₀(可吸入颗粒物)日平均浓度资料和对应时段的日照市地面气象资料做了深入的分析,揭示了污染物PM₁₀变化特征及其随气象要素的变化规律。同时分析了主要污染物PM₁₀与地面风速、风向间的相关关系,发现日照市大于等于3级的PM₁₀污染日均出现在1-4月,地面风速对污染物PM₁₀浓度有一定影响,当地面风速超过5m/s时,3级及以上污染日很少出现,当地面风速超过6.5m/s时,随着风速的提高,污染物浓度呈下降趋势。污染物浓度呈明显的季节变化,冬、春季节明显高于夏、秋季节。     

聊城市空气质量现状及污染原因分析

利用2013年10月至2014年9月山东省聊城市大气主要污染物监测数据,分析了各种污染物的时空分布特征及其对空气污染的贡献,探讨了聊城市大气污染的成因。结果表明:2013年10月至2014年9月聊城市轻度污染以上的空气质量日数所占比例高达70.0%,大气中SO2、NO2、CO、PM2.5和PM10浓度季节变化规律明显,即冬季各种污染物浓度远高于夏季。日首要污染物以PM2.5和PM10出现日数最多,其次为SO2作为首要污染物在冬季出现偏多,臭氧8 h作为首要污染物在夏季出现相对较多。聊城市5种污染物对空气污染的影响程度从大到小依次为PM2.5PM10NO2COSO2,其中PM2.5与PM10分担率大幅高于其他3种污染物,说明聊城市大气污染属于可吸入颗粒物与细颗粒物主导的类型。相关分析发现,PM2.5和PM10具有来自相同或相似污染源的可能性,扬尘与化石燃料使用是PM2.5和PM10污染的主要成因。     

潮州市大气污染物与气象要素的关系

利用2006年潮州市地面气象观测资料和大气污染物浓度数据,分析了潮州市污染物的时空变化特征、污染物浓度月变化与气象要素变化关系以及污染典型日的气象因素。研究发现:潮州市的主要污染物为可吸入颗粒物(PM10),PM10全年的超标率为7.5%,空气质量夏半年优于冬半年;PM10污染物浓度月变化与地面气象要素有较高的相关性;在污染物典型日中,气象要素也是主要的影响因子。     

太原地区主要污染物污染的气象特征

选用2002年太原地区6个环境监测站主要污染物逐时浓度监测资料和山西省观象台逐时的气象观测资料,系统的统计分析了太原地区主要污染物浓度的时空分布特征,其中包括SO2和可吸入颗粒物PM10平均浓度的逐月变化、采暖期和非采暖期平均浓度的逐时变化,以及主要污染物浓度与地面常规气象要素的相关性。揭示了各代表站主要污染物污染的年、日变化趋势、采暖期和非采暖期日变化的差异,并分析了春季大风天气时PM10与SO2污染浓度的变化特征。     

潍坊市空气污染与气象条件的关系

利用2004年3月～2005年2月每日08时的潍坊市气象观测资料和环境监测资料,分析了空气污染物浓度与各种气象条件的关系,结果表明可吸入颗粒物PM10是潍坊市的主要污染物,污染物浓度有明显的季节变化,冬季高于夏季,各种污染物浓度与大雾、降水、风速等有明显的相关性.     

郑州市主要污染物污染特征及污染趋势分析

选用郑州市城郊7个代表站2006年可吸入颗粒物PM10、二氧化硫和二氧化氮等主要污染物逐日浓度监测资料,分析了郑州市这3种主要空气污染物的时空分布特征及其与气象条件的相关性,并利用2001-2006年均浓度资料分析了主要污染物浓度的变化趋势。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Editorial

As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields.