自动站实时数据质量分析及质控算法改进

自动气象站实时资料对于气象预警、决策服务、预报验证等方面具有重要意义,为确保自动站实时资料的科学性和准确性,开展实时资料质量控制工作十分必要。对综合气象观测系统运行监控平台中国家级自动气象站2013年的数据质量情况进行了统计和分析,并基于自动站历史数据研究了特殊天气事件发生时气象要素的变化规律以及要素之间的内部一致性,提出了高湿事件和单站天气突变事件的判断条件以改进自动站质量控制算法,最后给出了新算法的应用情况,结果表明改进后的质控算法有效地降低了数据误判率,取得了较好的控制效果。     

改进气象雷达TITAN算法在灾害性天气预警中的应用研究

提出一种适用于我国不同季节、经纬度和下垫面的改进气象雷达TITAN算法。建立天气雷达数据格式转换系统,将我国不同型号新一代天气雷达基数据转换成MDV格式雷达数据;按我国不同气候类型、经纬度和海陆下垫面特征,统计获取不同区域强风暴天气雷达特征指标参数阈值。利用云贵高原和海南地区不同下垫面的两次典型超级单体强风暴天气雷达实况数据与改进的TITAN算法进行实验对比分析。分析结果指出,采用改进TITAN算法识别、跟踪和预测0.5~1 h后的强风暴天气误差较小,可信度较高,有助于识别预警灾害性天气和人影指挥作业。     

多普勒天气雷达地物回波识别算法改进

针对现有的地物回波识别算法在"新一代天气雷达建设业务软件系统开发及应用(ROSE)"前期评估中存在的地物回波漏判和气象回波误判问题,提出了地物回波识别改进算法。新算法在地物回波识别前对径向速度和速度谱宽资料作了处理,改善了因采用双PRF技术造成的径向速度资料质量下降对地物回波识别的影响,并增加了回波强度与径向速度处理阈值、回波强度垂直梯度参数,调整了回波强度沿径向的库间变化的判定阈值,减小了对气象回波的误判。利用SA、SB和CB雷达共432个地物与降水回波体扫资料进行数据统计和典型个例分析,对比算法改进前后的识别效果,结果表明:径向速度处理改善了径向速度资料质量,使地物回波的平均径向速度接近于零,将地物回波识别命中率提高了6.25%;阈值的设定和特征参数的改进,改善了对气象回波的误判,虚警率降低了1%~2%。     

天气雷达数据三维可视化技术及应用

本文结合天气雷达数据三维空间定位公式与任意基线雷达反射率因子垂直剖面算法,提出三维可视化Marching Cubes改进算法,在该算法基础上研发天气雷达数据三维显示系统,并使用此系统对雷达观测实例进行了三维分析应用。结果表明:相对于二维平面的分析显示,三维可视化技术可以提高气象工作者对天气雷达回波数据的直观理解,更有效地分析出整个回波的轮廓和云内部回波分布情况,对于把握强回波的演变状况很有意义。     

基于大数据云平台的天山气象APP设计与应用

为提升大数据云平台与移动互联网的耦合气象服务质量,满足气象防灾减灾移动可视化需求,推进新疆气象信息化事业高质量发展,亟需开发一款专业气象服务APP。该APP在“云+端”业务模式下充分利用气象业务现有数字化成果,采取多源存储、接口调用、控制反转和数据交互技术,对全疆天气自动站的地面观测、格点实况融合、雷达回波、灾害预警等气象资料进行加工处理和移动展示。天山气象APP可按用户需求提供疆内基于实时位置的天气实况、精细化预报、预警详情、雷达拼图、实况要素产品和统计值要素产品,同时继承大数据云平台服务接口高额承载能力,实现毫秒级响应,在全疆天气自动站应急保障与气象防灾减灾服务中应用成效显著。     

基于智慧气象的数据接口的实现

物联网、云计算、移动互联、大数据等新一代智能技术的迅猛发展,为智慧气象产品提供了技术支撑。由于气象信息系统数据类型多种多样,且来自多个部门、跨越多个系统平台,数据结构和格式也不相同,因此数据读取与处理是一项异常复杂的工程。为了解决该问题,开发了基于智慧气象的气象服务数据接口。基于智慧气象的数据接口,具有跨平台性、良好的响应速度、通用的数据交换格式,可使各种应用之间相互通信,并能创建新的应用。基于智慧气象的气象服务数据接口为RESTful风格,返回格式为JSON。数据接口的开发采用JAVA语言,基于Spring MVC+Spring Security Oauth2开发框架实现。数据存储采用Oracle数据库,分为冷、热两种数据。客户端对数据接口的访问,采用HTTP GET的方式发出数据请求,访问服务资源地址,获得JSON格式的数据返回结果。为加强数据接口访问的安全性,采用HTTPS POST方式访问授权接口获取访问令牌。基于智慧气象的数据接口,已为微信、微博、手机APP、网站等多个系统及保险公司、市政等多个单位提供数据支撑,且气象服务数据接口系统安全性高,具有较好的用户体验和兼容性。     

利用9210工程实时气象信息制作能量天气图

作者介绍了阜新市气象台利用9210工程所获取的实时气象资料和Micaps系统中开放式数据接口与强大的资料处理功能,开发研制出用于强对流天气诊断分析和预报的能量天气困制作软件系统,在1998年汛期业务应用中发挥了一定的作用,     

基于MVC架构新媒体公众气象服务技术研究

基于MVC框架的新媒体平台开发,已经成为现代J2EE开发中一种常用模式。为深入开展气象新媒体公众服务产品研发和平台应用,通过“模型视图控制器”设计典范,设计支撑新媒体公众气象服务的MVC架构,实现气象服务产品从采集到加工处理再到终端显示等功能,使其具备简约化、规范化、开放性、高效性和可扩展性等优点,便于与外围系统实现数据的交互、共享和内部功能模块间的数据交互。通过基于MVC架构新媒体公众气象服务技术研究,为气象新媒体平台提供拓展接口和技术支撑,使其可与水文、环境、农业、交通等多部门数据共享,利用这些部门的监测数据,结合气象观测数据、GIS数据等,实现气象资料自动采集分析、智能产品制作分发、精细化预报服务、实况监测预警、灾害天气分析处理等功能,为公众提供精细化气象服务、气象为农服务、水情信息服务、地质灾害预警、灾害天气预报预警等多种气象服务产品。     

英国气象电信系统的发展

1.引言新技术应用于电信方面为我们改进气象中心之间的数据交换提供了许多可能性。布拉克内尔气象电信中心(Met TC)的功能随着数据量的增加以及气象中心之间传递的新型数据的产生而不断扩展。利用数字技术及诸如光纤电缆等新的通信媒介的新传输方法,能够以比现有的模拟电路更低的成本提供更高的数据率。现代技术也使接口设备得到发展,导致即便成本很低的处理系统也能处理高速传递数据。逐步形成的用于数据处理和数据管理的国际标准与新型装备的采用有关,这些标准可使用户在成本没有多大增加的情况下,从     

长江航运气象预报预警服务系统设计与应用

为面向长江航运开展可视化气象保障服务,本文设计了天气通航等级来表征天气对航运的影响,给出了应用沿江气象实况监测、网格预报、服务预警信息,计算航运调度管理和船舶行程规划两种服务场景下天气通航等级的具体算法和应用天气通航等级开展智能航运气象服务的方法,介绍了基于天气通航等级的长江航运气象预报预警服务系统的总体设计、主要产品、系统功能和主要特点,并结合航运气象服务发展,探讨了系统未来的改进方向。     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

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正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted     

A Brief Introduction to Marine Meteorological Science Experiment Base at Bohe Town,Maoming City,Guangdong Province

<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea.     

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AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Information for Authors

正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences