盘锦市脑血管病气象敏感因子分析及其预报模型

应用盘锦市疾控中心2008年1月1日至2009年12月31日逐日脑血管病发病人数及同期逐日气象资料,采用相关分析、逐步回归等方法,分析了脑血管病与气象要素的关系,建立了逐日脑血管病发病趋势的气象预报模型。结果表明：各类气象要素与未来3 d脑血管病发病人数滑动平均具有较好的相关性;气象因子对脑血管病发病人数的影响存在着一种滞后效应和持续效应;脑血管病发病人数与当日最低气温、平均气温、最低气压、平均风速、湿度、最大气温日较差等气象要素相关显著;不同的季节影响脑血管病发病人数的敏感气象因子不同,且相关关系差异较大。逐日脑血管病发病趋势的气象预报模型预报检验效果较好。     

石家庄夏季用电量对天气的响应及其预测模型

从石家庄市2005～2007年每年6～8月的逐日用电量资料中分离出随气象因子变化的气象电量,分有、无降水日分别计算了气象电量与同期气象资料中关键气象要素的相关系数,着重分析了气象电量随气温、湿度、降水的变化规律.结果表明:石家庄夏季气象电量与气温呈显著性正相关,而与相对湿度仅在有降水日为显著负相关;计算了用电量逐日变化值与气象要素日变化值之间的相关系数,发现要素差值之间存在着很好的相关性.在统计分析的基础上,借助Origin7.5软件,分有、无降水日建立了综合气象因子影响下气象电量及用电量逐日变化的多元回归预测模型,回归统计及方差分析表明:预测方程均通过了α=0.0005的F检验,复相关高于单相关,拟合率较高,能为电力部门合理调度提供参考.     

华中电网日负荷与气象因子的关系

从华中电网4省1997年2月至2000年5月逐日的电力负荷资料中分离出随气象因子变化的气象负荷，分析了气象负荷和同期的气象资料的相关关系，重点研究了气象负荷随气温变化的规律，探讨了华中各省气象负荷与气温关系的异同。研究表明华中电网日负荷与日平均气温的相关关系明显，在日平均气温大于20℃时相关系数为正，小于20℃时为负，在气温为25－28℃时负荷对气温的变化最敏感。     

基于气象因子杭州市燃气负荷预测研究

利用2008—2013年杭州市逐日和逐时燃气负荷资料及同期气象观测资料,统计分析了杭州市燃气负荷的变化及其与气象因子的响应关系,并基于支持向量机(Support Vector Machines,SVM)方法建立了杭州市燃气负荷预测模型。结果表明:2008—2013年杭州市燃气负荷具有较明显的季节变化特征,冬季日平均气象负荷率最高,夏季日平均气象负荷率最低;而各季节燃气负荷总体的日变化规律较相似,基本呈单峰型变化。除6月和9月,其他月份逐日气温与日气象负荷率均呈负相关关系,其中12月逐日气温与日气象负荷率的负相关最显著。当日平均气温≤13℃时,日气象负荷率为正值;当日平均气温为3℃左右,日气象负荷率达最高值。1—4月和10—12月日平均气压与日气象负荷率均呈显著的正相关关系。除夏季外,其他季节逐时气温与小时气象负荷率呈显著的负相关关系,且秋季相关最显著。考虑主要气象影响因子,采用SVM回归方法构建杭州市燃气负荷逐日和逐时预测模型,模型预测效果较好,逐日燃气负荷预报的平均误差为4.36%,逐时燃气负荷预报的相对误差约为4.18%。     

气象观测环境的变化对气温序列的影响分析

本文利用安徽省1971~2000年共30 a逐日平均气温、最高气温、最低气温的气候整编资料,选取气象观测环境完全符合相关规定(A类)和不完全符合相关规定(B类)两类代表站,分别建立了气温序列和两者的气温差值序列,并对气温序列的气候平均值和气温差值序列的气候趋势进行了分析。结果表明:气象观测环境的变化将影响气温序列。与A类台站相比,B类台站平均气温、最高气温和最低气温的气候平均值表现出一致偏高的特征,最低气温偏高最多;B类台站与A类台站平均气温、最高气温和最低气温的差值均有显著增大的趋势,平均气温差值的增大最为显著。     

惠州城区供电量与气象要素的关系及其预测模型

基于惠州城区2015年11月—2018年10月逐日供电量、日最高负荷和同期气象观测资料,采用相关分析和回归分析等方法,分析了城区供电量变化特征及其与气象要素的关系,建立了基于气象要素的供电量预测模型。结果表明:惠州城区夏季平均供电量和日最高负荷最多、冬季最少,4个季节供电量有显著性差异(P<0.05)。日最高负荷出现主要在10:00—12:00,但冬季仍有21.2%的概率出现在18:00—19:00。气温、相对湿度和日照时数与供电量有显著的相关关系,但不同月份相关性不同。12月—次年3月日平均气温、日最高气温和日最低气温与供电量呈显著的负相关,4—9月气温与供电量呈显著的正相关。3—4月相对湿度和供电量呈显著的正相关,而5—8月呈显著的负相关。日照时数与供电量的关系和相对湿度与供电量呈相反的相关。最后建立了3—9月和12月—次年2月气象电量和总供电量预测模型。     

1951-2006年包头气温极端事件变化分析

利用包头气象站1951-2006年逐日平均气温资料,建立了高温和低温极端气候事件的阈值,检测了56年来包头逐日气温的极端事件出现频率,分析了极端事件的年、季、月变率。统计了逐日平均气温的各级别出现频数。结果显示：该地区56年里气温显著升高,平均每10年升高0．42℃;在56年时间尺度上平均气温有明显的由冷变暖的突变特征,突变点为1987年;气候变暖后,高温事件明显增多,低温事件明显减少。     

甘肃康乐县气象站迁移前后气温对比分析

利用2012年气温要素逐日资料,对甘肃省康乐县气象观测站新旧站址同期气温观测资料进行对比分析。发现2站之间气温存在明显负温差,旧测站各月平均气温、最高气温、最低气温均高于新测站,且最低气温相差最大,说明旧测站城市热岛效应明显,城市热岛效应以提升最低气温减小气温日较差方式来提高旧测站的气温;新旧测站气温之间存在极显著的线性正相关关系,可建立新旧测站之间气温线性回归订正方程,订正后的新旧测站气温要素基本重合。     

许昌市供电量与气象要素相关分析

利用20052006年许昌市逐日供电量和气温、降水、相对湿度等气象要素资料,分析了供电量和这些气象要素之间的相关关系,结果表明,温度为影响本地用电量的主要气象因子,特别是夏季用电量对气温变化的反应更加敏感.     

石河子绿洲棉区覆膜内5cm地温变化与气温的关系及膜内5cm地温预报分析

膜内5cm地温稳定通过10-12℃即可播种为棉花适宜播种温度指标,找出地膜内5cm地温与气温的定量关系并进行地温预报,同时确定对应的日平均气温的稳定界限指标值,就成为开展棉花适宜播种期预报的关键所在。以石河子绿洲覆膜栽培棉区为研究对象,分析了2008-2014年棉区春播期膜内5cm地温、气温的变化趋势以及气温与覆膜内、外地温的关系,并建立了膜内5cm地温预报模型。结果表明：近年来石河子棉区春播期内气温和膜内外5cm地温变化趋势一致,均有所上升,且膜内5cm地温显著高于膜外地温和日平均气温。棉田覆膜内外5cm地温与气温之间显著相关（P≤0.01）,石河子棉田覆膜内5 cm地温稳定通过10-12℃时,对应的日平均气温界限范围为6.3-8.2℃;利用逐日气温建立膜内5cm地温预报模型,回代检验绝对误差平均为1.01℃,2014和2015年预报检验绝对误差分别为0.5、0.7℃。预报模型可为更好地开展棉花播种期气象服务提供参考依据     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Editorial

As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields.