光学像消旋系统在FY-3 MERSI图像定位中的应用

45°旋转扫描反射镜模式是一种最常见的光机扫描模式。但45°镜的旋转反射会产生像旋转, 对于线列探测器并扫成像系统时会产生轴外视场无法配准。在遥感图像地理定位计算中, 如果只考虑45°旋转扫描反射镜的反射成像, 也同样会造成地理定位结果在轴外的大误差。在遥感图像地理定位处理中, 计算了K镜反射特性矩阵, 通过光学矢量反射和旋转计算, 在图像地理定位结果中消除了轴外误差。在分析了45°旋转扫描反射镜产生像旋转原因基础上, 给出了在遥感图像地理定位中45°旋转扫描反射镜和K镜光学像消旋系统的处理方法。将该方法用于FY-3 MERSI 10元并扫探测器的遥感图像地理定位处理, 在图像定位结果中减小了误差, 地理定位结果平滑连续。并讨论了45°旋转扫描反射镜和K镜光学像消旋系统对遥感图像地理定位可能造成的其他误差。该方法同样适合于其他45°旋转扫描反射镜和K镜像消旋系统以及多元并扫遥感仪器的图像地理定位。     

基于频谱空间的高分辨率遥感图像城市道路绿地轮廓特征检测

通过高分辨率遥感图像频谱能量特征分析,提出了一种基于频谱空间的城市道路绿地轮廓特征检测方法.首先对遥感图像进行傅里叶变换,分析频谱能量分布曲线,确定道路绿地轮廓的方向和截止频率,设计Gabor滤波器提取绿地轮廓特征;然后利用低通滤波获取道路中心线,根据道路中心线的缓冲区对绿地轮廓进行定位,得到道路绿地轮廓特征.结果表明,基于图像频谱特征分析的方法,使滤波器参数的设计更加精确,可有效实现高分辨率遥感图像城市道路绿地轮廓特征提取.     

极轨气象卫星自动地标导航方法

该文实现了一种极轨气象卫星的自动地标导航方法。地标导航能够纠正由于姿态而引起的定位误差。首先根据当前轨道遥感卫星图像中海洋、陆地、河流等地物特征能量的概率分布情况,利用全球模板,建立地标库,然后通过最大相关系数方法计算地标偏移量,从而获得姿态偏差,之后利用计算得到的姿态偏差对遥感卫星图像重新导航,获得地理定位结果。利用FY-1D扫描辐射计的遥感数据对方法进行检验,结果表明:该文所提出的自动地标导航方法可以有效纠正由姿态而引起的定位误差,达到像素级的定位精度。该方法能够突破传统地标导航方法需要丰富的遥感卫星历史资料的限制,拓展传统地标导航方法的适应范围。该方法已在我国2008年5月发射的新一代极轨气象卫星FY-3号上得到应用,并将在下一代静止轨道气象卫星FY-4号上进一步开发。     

遥感影像三维可视化研究

利用DEM高程资料实现遥感影像的三维显示可大大提高遥感监测产品的使用价值，而商用软件成本高操作繁琐普及困难。利用计算机图形学知识和Delphi编程语言，开发了一套遥感影像三维可视化软件。对在开发过程中遇到的有关DEM数据的裁剪与拼接、图像配准、地表模拟、透视变换、消隐处理、光照和阴影效果以及颜色变换等问题的解决方案和实现方法作了简要的介绍。     

卫星遥感图像人工建筑面积识别软件的开发与应用

定量分析气象台站周边的人工建筑面积比例,有助于客观揭示人工环境对观测数据的影响.基于Windows平台,利用梯度增强、高通滤波、二值化、形态学等图像处理方法开发了对卫星遥感图像中人工建筑的识别及其面积比例的计算软件,为气象探测环境研究提供可靠的数据.该软件已经用于处理数百个气象台站不同尺度的卫星遥感图像,软件运行稳定,操作方便,可移植性强,相对于人工统计方式效果良好.介绍了所用图像处理方法的原理及软件实现的流程和功能,总结了参数设置的经验.     

基于小波分析的软门限滤波及其优越性评价

介绍了基于软门限的小波分析去除遥感图像噪声的处理方法,并利用一些指标,与传统的滤波处理方法进行对比分析后发现,基于小坡分析的图像滤波方法,在去除图像噪声的同时,可以很好地保持图像边缘纹理等细节信息。     

FY-3A中分辨率光谱成像仪图像地理定位方法

风云三号A星 (FY-3A) 中分辨率光谱成像仪 (MERSI) 采用45°镜旋转扫描,形成垂直于卫星飞行轨迹的360°连续圆周扫描方式,多元探测器并扫的技术。该研究依据这种扫描特性,给出了适用于FY-3A MERSI遥感图像地理定位的方法;定义了完善的坐标系及坐标系转换关系,根据MERSI观测几何、卫星空间位置和姿态、仪器空间位置和指向建立了探测器像元观测矢量与地面位置之间关系的模型;通过地形校正消除地形起伏带来的定位误差;在FY-3A地面应用系统中业务运行的同时,通过一定数量的地面控制点分析,将定位误差等效为遥感仪器安装误差,修正了MERSI的仪器指向角度。实验结果表明,使用该方法对MERSI遥感图像地理定位精度达到250 m像元级,满足MERSI图像的高精度定位要求。     

一种基于神经网络的遥感图像压缩编码

为了更好地在恒定压缩率条件下,实现卫星遥感图像的压缩,提出１种将像素分为３类的编码方案．每类采用基于Ｌｅｖｅｎｂｅｒｇ Ｍａｒｑｕａｒｄｔ算法的双层神经网络进行预测,和基于偏置学习规则的竞争神经网络实现量化．对长城、珠峰、香港等地遥感图像的压缩试验证实了算法的有效性．同时还表明该算法压缩图像的ＭＳＥ高于距离 权值方法与最小均方误差法,且时间复杂度为Ｏ（ｎ）．     

卫星资料处理业务系统及其图像显示技术

简要介绍了自行设计和研制的卫星资料处理业务系统的总体设计思路及技术特点,重点介绍了应用系统软件如何在微机屏幕上实现遥感图像多种显示。     

西北4省(区)干旱遥感监测方法——以Erads软件为例

介绍了将DVBS系统接收处理得到的NOAA/AVHRR卫星遥感资料,转入Erads软件,在Erads软件中对图像进行校正、拼接,通过建模运算实现干旱遥感监测的方法和监测流程。利用该方法对2006年7月下旬西北4(省)区的地面旱情进行监测,结果表明利用该工作流程,选择合适的干旱遥感模型可以得到监测区域的旱情,旱情监测结果与地面20 cm土壤相对湿度监测的旱情结果较一致。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

Information for Authors

正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.